8 research outputs found

    Total synthesis of the cyclic monoterpenoid pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids derived from 2-hydroxy-6-methylcarbazole

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    The synthesis of seven pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids has been achieved using their putative biogenetic precursor 2-hydroxy-6-methylcarbazole as key intermediate

    Fluor-18-markierte selektive Cyclooxygenase-2-Inhibitoren: Entwicklung von zwei potenten Tracern mit tricyclischer Kernstruktur und Beeinflussung der metabolischen StabilitÀt von Pyrazol-basierten Radiotracern

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    Die funktionelle Bildgebung der Expression der Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) stellt aufgrund ihrer bedeutsamen Rolle bei pathophysiologischen Prozessen, insbesondere bei der Tumorprogression, einen wichtigen Forschungsansatz dar. Als nichtinvasive, bildgebende Methode bietet die PET (Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie) unter Ausnutzung von radiomarkierten MolekĂŒlen eine Möglichkeit, zeitlich und rĂ€umlich molekulare Prozesse abzubilden und zu verfolgen. Das Radionuklid Fluor-18 wird wegen seiner nahezu optimalen kernphysikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften fĂŒr die PET verwendet. Aufgrund der hohen Anforderungen, die an einen Radiotracer fĂŒr die Bildgebung mittels PET gestellt werden, ist es bisher nicht gelungen, eine geeignete radiomarkierte Verbindung fĂŒr die Visualisierung der COX-2-Expression in vivo zu entwickeln. Insbesondere die SpezifitĂ€t, SelektivitĂ€t und AffinitĂ€t sowie die metabolische StabilitĂ€t eines Radiotracers sind wesentliche Parameter, die ĂŒber den Erfolg der Verbindung in vivo entscheiden. Basierend auf den bisherigen Erkenntnissen bei der Entwicklung radiomarkierter selektiver COX-2-Inhibitoren verfolgte diese Arbeit zwei Strategien der Radiotracerentwicklungen. Als potente Zielverbindungen wurden aus der Stoffklasse mit tricyclischer Kernstruktur das Pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indol PI (1-(4-Fluorphenyl)-2-(4-methansulfonyl)phenyl-pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indol) und das 1,2-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indol DHPI (5-Fluorphenyl-4-(4-methansulfonyl)phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indol) ausgewĂ€hlt. Die Radiosynthese von [18F]PI gelang in einer manuellen Cu(II)-vermittelten 18F-Fluorierung ausgehend vom entsprechenden ArylboronsĂ€urepinakolester. Die Radiosynthese von [18F]DHPI erfolgte automatisiert ĂŒber eine Zwei-Stufen/ Ein-Topf-Reaktion bestehend aus einer 18F-Fluorierung und anschließender intramolekularer McMurry-Reaktion. Der Radiotracer [18F]DHPI wurde umfassend hinsichtlich seiner radiopharmakologischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Trotz seiner hohen StabilitĂ€t in vivo ist insbesondere die hohe Lipophilie von [18F]DHPI hinderlich fĂŒr eine spezifische Anreicherung im Tumorgewebe. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde die chemische Struktur eines potenten, jedoch metabolisch unzureichend stabilen Radiotracers mit 1,5-Diaryl-substituierter Pyrazol-Kernstruktur und [18F]Fluormethylseitenkette (basierend auf Celecoxib) durch SeitenkettenverlĂ€ngerung und Deuterierung verĂ€ndert, sodass eine Beeinflussung der StabilitĂ€t erfolgen sollte. Es wurden die entsprechenden Referenzverbindungen und PrĂ€kursoren hergestellt. Die Radiosynthesen der drei Zielverbindungen erfolgten automatisiert in einer nucleophilen aliphatischen Substitutionsreaktion. Die drei Radiotracer wurden in vitro und in vivo hinsichtlich ihrer StabilitĂ€t und der zugrundeliegenden Metabolisierungsprozesse untersucht. Dabei zeigte insbesondere die Methode der Deuterierung ein hohes Potential fĂŒr die Verbesserung der metabolischen StabilitĂ€t unter Beibehaltung der AffinitĂ€t zum Zielenzym

    Total synthesis of the cyclic monoterpenoid pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids derived from 2-hydroxy-6-methylcarbazole

    No full text
    The synthesis of seven pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids has been achieved using their putative biogenetic precursor 2-hydroxy-6-methylcarbazole as key intermediate

    Total synthesis of the cyclic monoterpenoid pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids derived from 2-hydroxy-6-methylcarbazole

    Get PDF
    The synthesis of seven pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids has been achieved using their putative biogenetic precursor 2-hydroxy-6-methylcarbazole as key intermediate

    Diaryl-Substituted (Dihydro)pyrrolo[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]indoles, a Class of Potent COX‑2 Inhibitors with Tricyclic Core Structure

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    A new compound class of diaryl-substituted heterocycles with tricyclic dihydropyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indole and pyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indole core structures has been designed and was synthesized by a modular sequence of Friedel–Crafts acylation, amide formation, and McMurry cyclization. This synthesis route represents a novel and versatile access toward dihydropyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indoles and is characterized by good chemical yields and high modularity. From a set of 19 derivatives, 11 candidates were selected for determination of their COX inhibition potency and were found to be selective inhibitors with high affinity to COX-2 (IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 20–2500 nM and negligible inhibition of COX-1). The binding mode of the novel inhibitors in the active side of COX-2 was calculated <i>in silico</i> using the protein–ligand docking program GOLD by application of the molecular structures of two compounds derived from X-ray crystallography. Two novel compounds with high affinity to COX-2 (<b>6k</b> = 70 nM, <b>8e</b> = 60 nM) have a fluoro substituent, making them promising candidates for the development of <sup>18</sup>F-radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors for imaging purposes with positron emission tomography (PET)

    Diaryl-Substituted (Dihydro)pyrrolo[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]indoles, a Class of Potent COX‑2 Inhibitors with Tricyclic Core Structure

    No full text
    A new compound class of diaryl-substituted heterocycles with tricyclic dihydropyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indole and pyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indole core structures has been designed and was synthesized by a modular sequence of Friedel–Crafts acylation, amide formation, and McMurry cyclization. This synthesis route represents a novel and versatile access toward dihydropyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indoles and is characterized by good chemical yields and high modularity. From a set of 19 derivatives, 11 candidates were selected for determination of their COX inhibition potency and were found to be selective inhibitors with high affinity to COX-2 (IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 20–2500 nM and negligible inhibition of COX-1). The binding mode of the novel inhibitors in the active side of COX-2 was calculated <i>in silico</i> using the protein–ligand docking program GOLD by application of the molecular structures of two compounds derived from X-ray crystallography. Two novel compounds with high affinity to COX-2 (<b>6k</b> = 70 nM, <b>8e</b> = 60 nM) have a fluoro substituent, making them promising candidates for the development of <sup>18</sup>F-radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors for imaging purposes with positron emission tomography (PET)

    Diaryl-Substituted (Dihydro)pyrrolo[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]indoles, a Class of Potent COX‑2 Inhibitors with Tricyclic Core Structure

    No full text
    A new compound class of diaryl-substituted heterocycles with tricyclic dihydropyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indole and pyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indole core structures has been designed and was synthesized by a modular sequence of Friedel–Crafts acylation, amide formation, and McMurry cyclization. This synthesis route represents a novel and versatile access toward dihydropyrrolo­[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]­indoles and is characterized by good chemical yields and high modularity. From a set of 19 derivatives, 11 candidates were selected for determination of their COX inhibition potency and were found to be selective inhibitors with high affinity to COX-2 (IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 20–2500 nM and negligible inhibition of COX-1). The binding mode of the novel inhibitors in the active side of COX-2 was calculated <i>in silico</i> using the protein–ligand docking program GOLD by application of the molecular structures of two compounds derived from X-ray crystallography. Two novel compounds with high affinity to COX-2 (<b>6k</b> = 70 nM, <b>8e</b> = 60 nM) have a fluoro substituent, making them promising candidates for the development of <sup>18</sup>F-radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors for imaging purposes with positron emission tomography (PET)
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