Этиологические заметки: «История об Иване»

This article represents research on an obscene Ukrainian folklore text published by Fedor. Vovk. Its possible relation to the verse fairy tale, “Nikita the Tzar, and his Forty Daughters”, by Aleksandr S. Pushkin is considered. The elements of the text are given Slavic folklore parallels, which enables making a conclusion about the clearly folk origin of the creative product. The following question is raised: can the text under research possibly be a distant reverberation of the Slavic etiological myth about how women acquired genitals? While such myths might have pagan roots, a suggestion is made that pagan gods were the prototypes of the main characters in the Ukrainian text. Thus, the text, recorded as an obscene joke, can supplement the collection of aetiological myths and legends about how the original people acquired genitals.Članek obravnava ukrajinska obscena folkloran besedila, ki jih je objavil Fedor Vovk. Vključena je tudi njegova možna povezava s pravljico A. S. Puškina »Car Nikita in njegovih štirideset hčera«. Elementi besedila imajo slovanske folklorne vzporednice, kar vodi k sklepu o ljudskem izvoru avtorskega umetniškega besedila. Postavlja se naslednje vprašanje, ali je raziskovano besedilo lahko oddaljen odmev slovanskega etiološkega mita o tem, kako so ženske pridobivale genitalije. Čeprav imajo takšni miti poganske korenine, domnevamo, da so poganski bogovi prototipi glavnih likov v ukrajinskem besedilu. Tako besedilo, posneto kot nespodobna šala, lahko dopolni zbirko etioloških mitov in legend o tem, kako so prvotni ljudje pridobili genitalije

The Technologies of the Network Prosperity in Russia

The article investigates the impact of the information technology revolution on shifts in the social structure of the contemporary Russian society. The revolutionary changes in the social life of the elderly are examined. The specific features of the information technology revolution in Russia, along with general, inherent features of all developed countries, have a significant impact on all aspects of the modernization of contemporary Russian society. The elderly are the most socially vulnerable group in need of a decent quality of life and health.It is emphasized that the rapid ageing of the population as a whole and the high rate of labor activity among the elderly is leading to a more intensively ageing of the workforce in Russia when compared with developing countries. At the same time, there is an increasingly significant need for the development of social services such as education, health care, medical services, vocational training and the retraining of the elderly. Annual government spending on social programs is insufficient, not only in providing a system of social services that meet the needs of the era of the information technology revolution, but also in solving the acute problems such as poverty among the elderly. The authors justify the necessity to integrate the elderly into the World Wide Web (Internet) in order to expand their opportunities for social self-identification and to carry out multifaceted human potential. The Internet is seen by users as a means of dialogue - a two-way communication between people. It acts as an intermediary between the public and local authorities. In this regard, wide access to information currently gives senior citizens many more opportunities, and utility maximization occurs at higher levels of need gratification

Ensuring the reliability and performance criterias of crankshafts

The issues of efficiency improvement of manufacturing crankshafts in order to ensure their reliability and performance criteria are the priorities in modern production of internal combustion engines. Using the capabilities of modern special grinding machines can improve the quality of machining and obtain the necessary running characteristics of crankshafts. In work the questions connected with development of a method of calculation of rigidity of crankshafts for increase of accuracy of their machining, reliability and performance criteria’s are considered. Based on the proposed methodology, numerical calculations have performed and the possibility of determining the deflections and crankshafts rigidity in any section have been justified. The original construction of the following grinding steady rest for CNC grinding machines specified for machining the crankshaft main bearing journal and connecting rod journal is proposed. The construction design of the device allows for compensating the influence of the cutting force on the elastic strain of the part, depending on the change in its rigidity. The practical value of the research includes in develop recommendations for determining the optimal parameters for the round infeed grinding cycle of the crank pins from the point of view of productivity and accuracy

Understanding Progressive Training Through the Framework of Randomized Coordinate Descent

We propose a Randomized Progressive Training algorithm (RPT) -- a stochastic proxy for the well-known Progressive Training method (PT) (Karras et al., 2017). Originally designed to train GANs (Goodfellow et al., 2014), PT was proposed as a heuristic, with no convergence analysis even for the simplest objective functions. On the contrary, to the best of our knowledge, RPT is the first PT-type algorithm with rigorous and sound theoretical guarantees for general smooth objective functions. We cast our method into the established framework of Randomized Coordinate Descent (RCD) (Nesterov, 2012; Richt\'arik & Tak\'a\v{c}, 2014), for which (as a by-product of our investigations) we also propose a novel, simple and general convergence analysis encapsulating strongly-convex, convex and nonconvex objectives. We then use this framework to establish a convergence theory for RPT. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our method through extensive computational experiments

Error Feedback Shines when Features are Rare

We provide the first proof that gradient descent $\left({\color{green}\sf GD}\right)$ with greedy sparsification $\left({\color{green}\sf TopK}\right)$ and error feedback $\left({\color{green}\sf EF}\right)$ can obtain better communication complexity than vanilla ${\color{green}\sf GD}$ when solving the distributed optimization problem $\min_{x\in \mathbb{R}^d} {f(x)=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n f_i(x)}$, where $n$ = # of clients, $d$ = # of features, and $f_1,\dots,f_n$ are smooth nonconvex functions. Despite intensive research since 2014 when ${\color{green}\sf EF}$ was first proposed by Seide et al., this problem remained open until now. We show that ${\color{green}\sf EF}$ shines in the regime when features are rare, i.e., when each feature is present in the data owned by a small number of clients only. To illustrate our main result, we show that in order to find a random vector $\hat{x}$ such that $\lVert {\nabla f(\hat{x})} \rVert^2 \leq \varepsilon$ in expectation, ${\color{green}\sf GD}$ with the ${\color{green}\sf Top1}$ sparsifier and ${\color{green}\sf EF}$ requires ${\cal O} \left(\left( L+{\color{blue}r} \sqrt{ \frac{{\color{red}c}}{n} \min \left( \frac{{\color{red}c}}{n} \max_i L_i^2, \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n L_i^2 \right) }\right) \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \right)$ bits to be communicated by each worker to the server only, where $L$ is the smoothness constant of $f$, $L_i$ is the smoothness constant of $f_i$, ${\color{red}c}$ is the maximal number of clients owning any feature ($1\leq {\color{red}c} \leq n$), and ${\color{blue}r}$ is the maximal number of features owned by any client ($1\leq {\color{blue}r} \leq d$). Clearly, the communication complexity improves as ${\color{red}c}$ decreases (i.e., as features become more rare), and can be much better than the ${\cal O}({\color{blue}r} L \frac{1}{\varepsilon})$ communication complexity of ${\color{green}\sf GD}$ in the same regime

Neo-industrial Base of Network Social Prosperity in the Russian Economy

Social prosperity of the population is not only the major task of the state, but, above all, the quintessence of all large-scale economic and political reforms. The main indicators of social prosperity are economic - personal income level, size of household property, work load, housing, housing and public utilities, public transport; and non-economic – availability of education and health care, life expectancy, crime rates, etc. At the present stage of Russian market reforms the problem of social prosperity is becoming a major challenge for the government. Its reasons are deindustrialization of the economy that took place in the period of transition to a market economy, which, in turn, was the result of the negative structural shift. Therefore, the growth of social prosperity of the Russians consists in neo-industrialization of the economy. It implies the reconstruction of manufacturing industries based on new technologies, management of neo-industrial employment policy, and the increase of the population prosperity through the development of network information technologies

Social Wellbeing as a Criterion of Structural Policy Efficiency

Social wellbeing of nation is not only a constitutional goal of the state, but, above all, the quintessence of all large-scale economic and political transformations. In Russian economy the gap between the objectives of social and structural policy is broadening. As a result, in the course of reforms the "vicious circle" of structural problems and reducing the wellbeing of Russians arose and deepens now. This circle consists of the following problems: de-industrialization of Russian economy - decreasing of social wellbeing – decreasing of the necessary for neo-industrialization of economy stable social group - the weakening of factors targeted to the structural changes - the continuation of de-industrialization. Structural economic changes along with the improvement of macroeconomic dynamics should be aimed at socially important priorities of economic development, without exception. In that context, we suppose the ultimate criterion of structural changes to be the growth of social wellbeing of Russians by increasing labor productivity, the establishment of new high-tech industries, and the formation of new sustainable social groups in the neo-industrialization of Russian economy

Information Technologies in Ensuring Continuous Wellbeing of the Person

Formation of continuous wellbeing of the person in the Russian economy can be a real prospect in case innovative technologies will be required by all economic and social entities. The accelerated development of information technologies should be based on a progressive regulatory and technical base which contains leading standards, rules, regulations for product testing and its certification, warranty, insurance conditions and standards for the protection of intellectual property and information support of products and services. Socialization of technologies promotes growth of social and emotional wellbeing

Five Years of Inflation Targeting Without Economic Growth: What Should Be Changed The Case of Russia

The article provides a review of approaches to assessing and analyzing the effectiveness of the interest rate and exchange rate policy of the Bank of Russia in the period 2015-2019. Despite the decrease in the rate of price growth, inflationary expectations of economic agents remain at a high level. Monetary policy continues to be tight. The stability of the exchange rate to external shocks, expected from the introduction of inflation targeting and a free floating rate, did not happen. The complex of conditions that have developed due to geopolitical factors, low growth rates and the global economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic require the search for new targets, such as economic growth and exchange rate stability. To maintain the stability of the ruble exchange rate, it is recommended to sell foreign exchange reserves accumulated according to the "Budget rule" in an equivalent amount; to support the liquidity of banks during periods of an attack on the ruble, it should through foreign exchange REPO, and develop a derivatives market