Impact of concurrent pregnancy and lactation on maternal nestbuilding, estradiol and progesterone concentrations in rabbits

[EN] We evaluated the impact of concurrent pregnancy and lactation on: nest-building (i.e., digging, straw-carrying, hair-pulling), food intake, milk output, body weight, and the concentration of estradiol and progesterone in blood. Digging was lower in pregnant-lactating (PL) rabbits, compared with pregnant-only (PO) does, on 21-23 d (52±64 vs. 104±86 g, respectively; mean±SD; P<0.05). Straw-carrying was also reduced in PL does on 24-26 d (9±27 vs. 79±94 g; P<0.005), 27-29 (27±56 vs. 99±77 g; P<0.005), and in the total amount of material introduced into the nest box (132±167 vs. 286±217 g; P<0.02). Hair-pulling was expressed by practically all animals. Food intake declined in PO does on the three days preceding parturition (P<0.01) and increased markedly during lactation; this increase was much larger in PL than in lactating-only (LO) rabbits (P<0.01). Milk output was similar between PL and LO does during the first 21 d of lactation but a marked decline in this parameter occurred in PL does from then until 30 d. The differences in nest-building between PL and PO rabbits may be related to the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone on specific days of pregnancy. PL does showed significantly higher estradiol levels than PO animals on pregnancy 1 d (33±13 vs. 23±4 pg/mL; P<0.02) and 21 (34±19 vs. 24±6 pg/mL; P<0.05) and also higher levels of progesterone on pregnancy 1 d (4±5 vs. 1±2 ng/mL; P<0.05). However, PL rabbits had lower levels of progesterone on 7 d (6±3 vs. 9±2 ng/mL; P<0.02) and 14 d (8±3 vs. 11±3 ng/mL; P<0.005) than PO does. Our results indicate that the unique endocrine milieu of PL rabbits has a direct bearing on specific behavioral and physiological phenomena that impact productivity on the farm.González-Mariscal, G.; Gallegos, J.; Sierra-Ramírez, A.; Garza Flores, J. (2009). Impact of concurrent pregnancy and lactation on maternal nestbuilding, estradiol and progesterone concentrations in rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 17(3):145-152. doi:10.4995/wrs.2009.65414515217

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Mexican Population: A Five Vaccine Comparison

Neutralizing antibodies (NAs) are key immunological markers and are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system. NA assays determine the presence of functional antibodies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed a real-world evidence study to detect NAs that confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 after the application of five vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sinovac, Moderna, and CanSino) in the Mexican population. Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and clinical and demographic factors associated with low immunogenicity were also evaluated. A total of 242 SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated subjects were recruited. Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna proved the highest percentage of inhibition in a mono-vaccine scheme. Muscular pain, headache, and fatigue were the most common adverse events. None of the patients reported severe adverse events. We found an estimated contagion-free time of 207 (IQR: 182–231) and 187 (IQR: 184–189) days for Pfizer/BioNTech and CanSino in 12 cases in each group. On the basis of our results, we consider that the emerging vaccination strategy in Mexico is effective and safe

Neonatal spontaneous biliary perforation: Case report

AbstractObjectiveSpontaneous biliary perforation in neonates is rare. The etiology of this pathology is idiopathic and various management strategies ranging from non-operative treatment to complex operations, such as biliary-enteric reconstruction, are performed, with few reported outcomes.Case reportA 3-week-old female, born at term, presented fever, abdominal distension, and acholic stool. An ultrasound was performed, which revealed generalized ascites and a poorly-defined collection. An emergency laparotomy confirmed perforation in the distal common bile duct and a biliary-enteric-anastomosis was performed.DiscussionWide drainage has been reported as the best initial management strategy for spontaneous biliary perforation, although it depends on the patient's clinical status and intraoperative findings.ConclusionsSpontaneous infantile biliary perforation is rare. Main management is wide drainage with, most perforations being resolved in 2 weeks

Prevalence of colonizing bacteria and their association with primary bacteremias in hemodialysis of a university hospital

to be from 2.5 to 5.5 cases per 1,000 catheter-day. the clinical impact is relevant and increases the cost of the HD Unit. Methods: The present study is the irst of 2 phases. It was conducted from January to December of 2012, and included all patients and nurses who were in the HD Unit. The prevalence of Gramnegative bacilli (GNB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MrSA) colonizing the nasal passages and the skin is described. Also, phenotypic association was sought by genus, species and sensitivities between colonizing bacterial strains and blood cultures with GNB and MRSA. Results: the study included 70 patients and 10 nurses. the prevalence of nasal colonization in patients by GNB was 9% and 6% in the pericatheter, and no nursing GNB colonization was discovered. The prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization was 19% and 6% in the pericatheter for patients and in the nurses the nasal colonization was 50% and 10% in the hands. We identiied 29 cases of primary bacteremia. The primary bacteremia rate is 1.5 per 1,000 catheter-day or 0.4 episodes per patient per year. Conclusion: We demonstrated a high prevalence of MrSA colonization in patients and nurses in the HD Unit. No relationship was found between primary bacteremia by GNB and patients and nurses’ bacteria colonization by the phenotypic comparison

VALORES DE LA FIGURA DE REY-OSTERRIETH EN PROMEDIOS, REPROBACIÓN, AGRESIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DESERCIÓN. ESTUDIO REALIZADO EN ESCOLARES DE NUEVO LEÓN, MÉXICO

Introducción La prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y sus consecuencias negativas en el aprendizaje en primaria y secundaria de la Secretaría de Educación de Nuevo León no se encuentra suficientemente evaluada. Objetivo: Investigar si existen diferencias del grupo total, comparándolo con los grupos con FRO ≥80 y de ambos con el valor de FRO ≤70 en las variables utilizadas. Métodos: Se estableció el corte de la FRO ≤70 como anormal y el de ≥80 normal. Se cruzaron cinco variables: promedios anuales de calificaciones bajas, altas, reprobación, agresividad física y, deserción escolar. Las variables se analizaron según: total, FRO ≥80 y FRO ≤70, sexo. Resultados De los tres grupos, el de FRO ≤70 presentó mayores porcentajes que los otros dos, en el alto promedio fue menor. La agresividad física hacia sus condiscípulos en secundaria es en hombres (H) con 83.1 % comparado con 4.7 del grupo total y 8.9 con FRO ≥80, las mujeres (M) 92.1, 2.3, 2.6, mismo orden. En el promedio anual de ≤7.0 el porcentaje del grupo total en primarias en H es de 12.7, FRO ≥80, 24.1 y FRO ≤70, 39.1; en M 4.9, 13.5 y 24.5. En secundarias, H 12.9, 24.3 y 41.1, en el mismo orden. Las M 8.1, 7.6 y 18.4. Las M obtuvieron valores menores que los H, excepto en promedio ≥9.1, que es mayor. Los IC muestran que las FRO ≤70 corresponden a población estadísticamente diferente a las otras dos, salvo en M de secundaria, FRO ≥80 y ≤70. Conclusiones: La FRO ≤ 70 presenta diferencia en agresiones físicas a sus condiscípulos comparados con el grupo total y los de la FRO ≥ 80.ABSTRACTIntroduction: The prevalence of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity and its negative consequences on learning in primary and secondary of the Ministry of Education of Nuevo Leon is not sufficiently evaluated. Objective: To investigate whether there are differences of total group, compared with ≥80 FRO groups and both the value of ≤70 FRO in the variables used. Objectives: Investigate whether there are statistically valid differences of the total group, compared with ≥80 FRO groups and of both with the FRO belonging to the value of ≤70 on the variables used. Methods: cutting the FRO ≤70 as abnormal and the standard was established ≥80. Annual averages of low grades, high, reproof, physical aggression and dropout: Five variables were crossed. The variables were analyzed according to total FRO,  FRO ≥80 and ≤70, sexResults: Of the three groups, the FRO ≤70 presented higher percentages than the other two, in the high average was lower. Physical aggression toward their fellow students in secondary education is in men (H) with 83.1% of the total compared to 4.7 and 8.9 with FRO group ≥80, women (M) 92.1, 2.3, 2.6, same order. The annual average of ≤7.0 percentage of total primary group H is 12.7, ≥80 FRO, FRO ≤70 24.1 and 39.1; in 4.9 M, 13.5 and 24.5. In secondary, H 12.9, 24.3 and 41.1, in the same order. M 8.1, 7.6 and 18.4. The M obtained lower than H, except ≥9.1 average, which is higher values. The IC show that FRO ≤70 correspond to population statistically different from the other two, except M secondary, FRO ≥80 and ≤70. Conclusions: The FRO ≤ 70 presents a huge difference in physical attacks his fellow students compared to the total group and the FRO ≥ 80Palabras Clave: escolares, educación básica, agresividad física, deserción, School, basic education, physical aggression, desertion

Biomarcadores moleculares en la predicción de sarcopenia

A lo largo de la vida se presentan diferentes cambios a nivel de composición corporal, siendo más notorios durante el proceso de envejecimiento. La sarcopenia se define como la pérdida progresiva y constante de la masa muscular magra así como la función y la fuerza del músculo esquelético. Se presenta como un proceso del envejecimiento, en el que el cuerpo experimenta un deterioro progresivo de calidad, reducción de tamaño, número de las fibras musculares, colágeno, modificación de unidad motora que se ha relacionado con el aumento de porcentaje de grasa, cambios hormonales, mecanismos inflamatorios, estrés oxidativo, ingesta de proteínas y actividad física. El envejecimiento puede ser considerado como la resistencia de varios estímulos anabólicos al músculo (sistema nervioso central [SNC], hormona del crecimiento, estrógeno, testosterona, proteína dietética, actividad física, acción de insulina) y posiblemente el desarrollo de varios procesos catabólicos naturales del mismo (inflamación subclínica, producción de citoquinas catabólicas: factor de necrosis tumoral- [TNF- -6 [IL-6], interleucina- - -1, IL- s causas de la sarcopenia todavía no se comprenden claramente, existen muchos mecanismos potenciales que han sido investigados en mayor o menor medida, como la edad, las relacionadas a la enfermedad, nutrición y actividad física. Los criterios para identificar a la sarcopenia incluye la cantidad, función muscular y el rendimiento físico, lo cual, si se llegaran a integrar biomarcadores moleculares en la evaluación clínica, el diagnóstico podría efectuarse de una manera temprana, para evitar la complicaciones asociadas a la fragilida

COMPARACIÓN DE CUATRO INSTRUMENTOS UTILIZADOS EN LA EVALUACIÓN DE LOS TRASTORNOS POR DÉFICIT DE ATENCIÓN E HIPERACTIVIDAD

Introducción: se revisan hitos históricos en la evolución de los TDAH hasta la situación actual. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar 4instrumentos que puedan utilizarse como tamizaje para que permita menor tiempo y costo en la identificación delos TDAH en escuelas primarias y secundarias Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 116 escuelas de educación básica con el criterio de inclusión de contar con 20 o más alumnos para diversas mediciones, entre ellas, instrumentos y pruebas para detectar TDAH. Por razones de edad se eliminaron para este estudio 35 escuelas preescolares, se incluyeron 56 primarias y 25 secundarias. Se evaluaron 1 742 de primaria y 798 de secundaria, 1 193 y 556 hombres, mismo orden. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: opinión de los docentes (probables TDAH), Figura de Rey-Osterrieth, (FRO) Cancelación visual de Mesulam (CV) y Conners para maestros. Los encuestadores seleccionaron un grupo control. Se cruzaron las variables entre sí.  Resultados: los instrumentos coincidentes fueron FRO ≤ de 70 y opinión de los docentes y FRO≥ 80 con controles. Conclusión: La opinión de los docentes y/o la FRO pueden ser útiles para el tamizaje en los TDAH. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Milestones are reviewed in the development of ADHD to the current situation. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze 4 instruments that can be used as a screening to allow less time and cost models in identifying ADHD in primary and secondary schools. Methods: 116 were randomly selected primary schools with the inclusion criteria of having 20 or more students for various measurements, including instruments and testing for ADHD. For reasons of age were removed for this study 35 preschools, 56 primary and 25 secondary included. They were evaluated 1 742 primary and 798 secondary schools, 1 193 and 556 men, same order. The instruments used were opinion of teachers (probable ADHD), Figure of Rey-Osterrieth, (FRO) visual Cancellation of Meshullam (CV) and Conners teacher. Pollsters selected a control group. The variables together crossed. Results: Matching instruments were FRO ≤ 70 and opinion of teachers and controls FRO≥ 80. Conclusions: The opinion of teachers and / or the FRO may be useful for screening for ADHD. Palabras Clave: escolares, educación básica, trastornos por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, School, basic education, attention deficit disorders and hyperactivit

Diversidad de macromicetos en bosques de pino en el municipio Madera, Chihuahua

El municipio Madera cuenta con una gran diversidad de ecosistemas que albergan una alta riqueza de especies fúngicas, de las cuales se tiene poco conocimiento debido a la falta de investigación para esa zona. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar y comparar la diversidad, hábitos y comestibilidad de los macromicetos. El muestreo se realizó en siete parcelas de 100 m × 100 m, en seis ejidos del municipio Madera, Chihuahua, durante los meses de julio y agosto del año 2016; se determinó número efectivo de especies, abundancia de frutos y diversidad alfa, mediante los índices de Shannon (Hˈ) y Margalef (DMG). Los resultados mostraron un total de 69 taxa de macromicetos, pertenecientes a 27 familias y 46 géneros; de acuerdo al hábito de desarrollo, 53.62 % son saprobias, 43.50 % micorrízicas y 2.90 % patógenas. En cuanto a la comestibilidad, 28.98 % tienen potencial alimenticio. La mayor diversidad se presentó en el ejido Socorro Rivera (H’=2.44 y DMG=3.58). Las especies con mayor distribución en las localidades de estudio pertenecen a Amanita; el porcentaje más alto de similitud de especies se registró en los ejidos Nicolás Bravo (paraje El Pedregoso) y Madera, con 18 %. Los taxones fúngicos registrados se suman a los citados previamente; con ello, aumenta el conocimiento para el estado de Chihuahua

Assessment of the toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and interleukin-8 -251 polymorphisms in the risk for the development of distal gastric cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The intensity of the inflammation induced by <it>Helicobacter pylori </it>colonization is associated with the development of distal gastric cancer (GC). The host response to <it>H</it>. <it>pylori </it>has been related to genetic polymorphisms that influence both innate and adaptive immune responses.</p> <p>Our aim was to investigate whether the presence of the <it>TLR4 Asp299Gly</it>, <it>TLR4 Thr399Ile </it>and <it>IL-8-251 </it>A/T polymorphisms had any influence in the development of distal GC in a Mexican population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied 337 patients that were divided in two groups: 78 patients with histologically confirmed distal GC and 259 non-cancer controls. The presence of <it>H. pylori </it>in the control population was defined by positive results of at least two of four diagnostic tests: serology, histology, rapid urease test and culture. Human DNA was purified and genotyped for <it>TLR4 Asp299Gly </it>polymorphism by pyrosequencing, for <it>TLR4 Thr399Ile </it>by PCR-RFLP and for <it>IL8-251 </it>by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The non-cancer control group was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the polymorphic loci studied (chi-square _H-W= 0.58 for <it>IL8-251</it>, 0.42 for <it>TLR4 Asp299Gly </it>and 0.17 for <it>TLR4 Thr399Ile</it>). The frequencies of mutated alleles (homozygous plus heterozygous) were compared between cases and controls. We found no significant difference for <it>TLR4- Asp299Gly </it>[the 7.7% of distal GC patients and 7.7 % non-cancer controls (p = 0.82)] and for <it>TLR4 Thr399Ile </it>[the 1.3% of GC patients and the 5% of the control population (p = 0.2)]. In contrast, for <it>IL-8-251 </it>A/T, 80.77% of the GC patients and 66.4% in the control group age and gender matched had at least one copy of mutated allele (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.1–4.2) (p = 0.023).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study showed that the <it>IL8-251*A </it>allele could be related to the development of distal gastric cancer in this Mexican population.</p