ESTUDIO EXPERIMENTAL DE SOPORTES DE HORMIGÓN ARMADO REFORZADOS CON ANGULARES Y PRESILLAS, SOMETIDOS A ESFUERZOS DE FLEXOCOMPRESIÓN

Aunque el refuerzo de soportes de HA con angulares y presillas de acero es una de las técnicas más empleadas, los estudios desarrollados son aún escasos. El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento y modo de rotura de 12 probetas de HA reforzadas con angulares y presillas, simulando el nudo viga-soporte, sometidas a flexocompresión.Garzón Roca, J. (2009). ESTUDIO EXPERIMENTAL DE SOPORTES DE HORMIGÓN ARMADO REFORZADOS CON ANGULARES Y PRESILLAS, SOMETIDOS A ESFUERZOS DE FLEXOCOMPRESIÓN. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12736Archivo delegad

Estudio del comportamiento a flexocompresión de soportes de hormigón armado reforzados con angulares y presillas metálicos

A menudo surge la necesidad de reparar o reforzar un soporte de hormigón armado (HA). De entre las diferentes técnicas disponibles, el empleo de angulares y presillas metálicos es una de las soluciones más habituales, ampliamente extendida tanto en España como alrededor del mundo. Esta técnica se aplica principalmente sobre soportes de sección cuadrada o rectangular, y consiste en la disposición en cada esquina del soporte de un angular metálico, unidos entre sí mediante una serie de presillas soldadas. Aunque los soportes reforzados con angulares y presillas metálicos (SHARAPM) han demostrado ser efectivos, económicos y fáciles de ejecutar, hasta la fecha no han recibido una gran atención por parte de la comunidad científica. La mayor parte de las investigaciones desarrolladas se han centrado en el comportamiento de SHARAPM sometidos a cargas axiles. El caso de un esfuerzo de flexocompresión ha sido estudiado muy escasamente. Esta Tesis tiene como objetivo profundizar en el comportamiento a flexocompresión de un SHARAPM. El trabajo es parte de la investigación ¿Estudio experimental y numérico de nudos viga-soporte y losa-soporte en pilares de HA reforzados¿, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, con cargo al proyecto de investigación BIA 2008-06268, y desarrollado en el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH) de la Universitat Politècnica de València. La Tesis Doctoral tiene una parte experimental y una parte numérica, teniéndose en cuenta en ambas la existencia e influencia del nudo viga-soporte. Se ensayan a flexocompresión un total de 20 SHARAPM a escala real, estudiándose 4 formas de resolver la conexión del refuerzo en la zona del nudo: mediante perfiles tubulares, con capiteles, con capiteles y tacos químicos, y con capiteles y barras de acero pasantes a través del nudo. La parte numérica desarrolla un modelo de elementos finitos, el cual es calibrado y validado a partir de los resultados experimentales. El modelo numérico se emplea para obtener el diagrama axil ¿ momento de un SHARAPM, así como para llevar a cabo un estudio paramétrico en el que se estudia la influencia de diversos factores en el comportamiento del SHARAPM. En total, en toda la parte experimental se ejecutan más de 700 modelos de elementos finitos. Los resultados obtenidos de forma experimental y numérica se comparan con tres propuestas de diseño existentes en la literatura. Puesto que ninguna de estas propuestas es capaz de representar satisfactoriamente el comportamiento a flexocompresión de un SHARAPM, se desarrolla una nueva propuesta de diseño. La nueva propuesta está basada en una Red Neuronal, herramienta matemática inspirada en el funcionamiento del cerebro humano, y que ha demostrado su utilidad para modelizar problemas ingenieriles complejos. Las nuevas expresiones así obtenidas son comparadas con los resultados experimentales y numéricos, así como con las otras propuestas de diseño, demostrándose el hecho de que las nuevas expresiones son capaces de reproducir de forma adecuada y precisa el comportamiento de un SHARAPM, siendo por tanto indicadas para ser usadas por profesionales de la ingeniería y arquitecturaGarzón Roca, J. (2013). Estudio del comportamiento a flexocompresión de soportes de hormigón armado reforzados con angulares y presillas metálicos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31642TESI

Seasonal variability of snow density in the Spanish Pyrenees

[EN] Spanish latitudes and meteorological conditions cause the snow phenomena to mainly take place in mountainous areas, playing a key role in water resource management, with the Pyrenees as one of the most important and best monitored areas. Based on the most significant dataset of snow density (SDEN) in the Spanish Pyrenees for on-site manual samples and automatic measurements, in this study, single and multiple linear regression models are evaluated that relate SDEN with intra-annual time dependence and other drivers such as the seasonal accumulated precipitation, 7-day average temperatures, snow depth (SD) and elevation. The seasonal accumulated precipitation presented a more dominant influence than daily precipitation, usually being the second most dominant SDEN driver, followed by temperature. Average temperatures showed the best fitting to SDEN. The results showed similar densification rates ranging widely from 0.7 x 10(3) kg/L/day to 2 x 10(3) kg/L/day without showing a spatial pattern. The densification rate for the set of manual samples was set to 1.2 kg/L/day, very similar to the set of automatic measurements (1.3 kg/L/day). The results increase knowledge on SDEN in the Pyrenees. The SDEN regression models that are given in this work may allow us, in the future, to estimate SDEN, and consequently Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), using an economical and extensive SD and meteorological network, although the high spatial variability that has been found must be regarded. Estimating a relationship between SDEN and several climate drivers enables us to take into account the impact of climate variability on SDEN.The authors acknowledge F. Pastor and F. J. Sanchez (Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge); M. L. Moreno (EbroWater Authority); the Ebro Water Authority and field engineers A. Pedrero-Munoz and M. Motes (SPESA Ingenieria). The authors fully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Department of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering of the UPV.Lastrada, E.; Cobos Campos, G.; Garzón-Roca, J.; Torrijo, F. (2021). Seasonal variability of snow density in the Spanish Pyrenees. Water. 13(11):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111598117131

Early Investigation of a Landslide Sliding Surface by HVSR and VES Geophysical Techniques Combined, a Case Study in Guarumales (Ecuador)

[EN] The access road to the powerhouse's hydraulic system's facilities in Guarumales (Azuay, Ecuador) presents a medium-sized landslide. Geophysical tests were conducted in the initial research stage, combining electrical and seismic methods. A vertical electrical sounding (VES) and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) survey campaign have been taken as a reference for the analysis of the landslide area. The distribution of these test points has been at three different levels along the landslide where the access road crosses it, trying to cover the area¿s most extensive possible length and width. In the area, we find the geology dominated by the presence of schists, altered to different degrees and presenting blocks of material with a lower degree of alteration within colluvium formed by a clayey matrix and coarse material of the exact nature. There is also observed runoff water and groundwater in the area. The results obtained through SEV tests have allowed for defining the separation zone of the mobilized or sliding materials compared to the fixed or immobile ones (potentially, the sliding surface was marked). Using the HVSR technique, the natural vibration frequencies of the ground associated with the sliding mass (separation of seismic impedances between a two-layer model: mobile and fixed) have been determined. Previous authors proposed an empirical relationship establishing the exponential relationship, already proposed by previous authors, between sediment thickness and natural frequencies. It has been possible to determine the depth of the position of the loosely compacted sediment zone (and probably moving or mobilized) compared to that of compact materials (immobile) and thereby define the potential rupture surface.Alonso-Pandavenes, O.; Torrijo, F.; Garzón-Roca, J.; Gracia, A. (2023). Early Investigation of a Landslide Sliding Surface by HVSR and VES Geophysical Techniques Combined, a Case Study in Guarumales (Ecuador). Applied Sciences. 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/app1302102313

A Decrease in the Regulatory Effect of Snow-Related Phenomena in Spanish Mountain Areas Due to Climate Change

[EN] Climate change undoubtedly will affect snow events as temperature and precipitation are expected to change in the future. Spanish mountains are especially affected by that situation, since snow storage is there focussed on very specific periods of the hydrological year and plays a very important role in the management of water resources. In this study, an analysis of the behaviour of the complex snow-related phenomena in the four main mountain regions of Spain in the next 50 years is conducted. The ASTER hydrological model is applied using temperature and precipitation data as basic input, estimated under a climate change scenario. Results show different changes in the maximum and average expected flows, depending on the very different magnitude and sign of changes in precipitation. An increase of flooding episodes may occur as a result of a complex relation between changes in precipitation and an increase in maximum snowmelt intensities that range from 2.1% in the Pyrenees to 7.4% in the Cantabrian Mountains. However, common patterns are shown in a shorter duration of the snow bulk reserves, expected to occur 45 days earlier for the Cantabrian Mountains, and about 30 days for the rest of the studied mountain regions. Changes observed also lead to a concerning decrease in the regulatory effect of the snow-related phenomena in the Spanish rivers, with a decrease in the average snow accumulation that ranges from about 28% for the Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada to 42% for the Central System and the Cantabrian Mountains. A decrease in average flow is expected, fluctuating from 2.4% in the Pyrenees to 7.3% in Cantabrian Mountains, only increasing in the Central System by 4.0%, making all necessary to develop new adaptation measures to climate change.The authors acknowledge F. J. Sanchez, M. Aparicio and F. Pastor (Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge), Tragsatec and ASTER model developer J. A. Collado (SPESA Ingenieria). The authors fully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Department of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering of the UPV.Lastrada, E.; Garzón-Roca, J.; Cobos Campos, G.; Torrijo, F. (2021). A Decrease in the Regulatory Effect of Snow-Related Phenomena in Spanish Mountain Areas Due to Climate Change. Water. 13(11):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111550S120131

Estimation of cerchar abrasivity index of andesitic rocks in Ecuador from chemical compounds and petrographical properties using regression analyses

[EN] An important issue in any rock engineering project is the adequate prediction of tool consumption. Excavation tools are subjected to wear, and repair/replacement of those tools is usually an important expense on any excavation budget. The key factor that affects wear of excavation tools is rock abrasivity. In mining and civil engineering, rock abrasivity is typically measured by the Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI), which is obtained in laboratory from a Cerchar abrasivity test. This paper studied the relation between CAI and the chemical compounds and petrographical properties of andesitic rocks from the central area of Ecuador. A series of regression analyses are performed to study the influence of the different chemical compounds and petrographical properties on the CAI value. Results show that it is possible to make a good estimation of CAI from the plagioclase grain size and/or the content of SiO2, FeO, MgO, CaO, Na2O and K2O compounds.Torrijo, F.; Garzón-Roca, J.; Company Rodríguez, J.; Cobos Campos, G. (2018). Estimation of cerchar abrasivity index of andesitic rocks in Ecuador from chemical compounds and petrographical properties using regression analyses. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10064-018-1306-6S114Al-Ameen SL, Waller MD (1994) The influence of rock strength and abrasive mineral content on the CERCHAR abrasive index. Eng Geol 36:293–301Alber M (2007) Stress dependency of the Cerchar Abrasivity index (CAI) and its effects on wear of selected rock cutting tools. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 9:351–539Alber M (2008) Stress dependency of the Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) and its effects on wear of selected rock cutting tools. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 23:351–359Alber M, Yaralı O, Dahl F, Bruland A, Käsling H, Michalakopoulos TN, Cardu M, Hagan P, Aydın H, Özarslan A (2014) ISRM suggested method for determining the abrasivity of rock by the CERCHAR abrasivity test. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47:261–266ASTM D3967 (2001) Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of intact rock core specimens. American Society for Testing and Materials, West ConshohockenASTM D7012 (2010) Standard test method for compressive strength and elastic module of intact rock core specimens under varying states of stress and temperatures. American Society for Testing and Materials, West ConshohockenASTM D7625 (2010) Standard test method for laboratory determination of abrasiveness of rock using the CERCHAR method. American Society for Testing and Materials, West ConshohockenAtkinson T, Cassapi VB, Singh RN (1986a) Assessment of abrasive wear resistance potential in rock excavation machinery. Int J Min Geol Eng 3:151–163Atkinson T, Denby B, Cassapi VB (1986b) Problems associated with rock material properties in surface mining equipment selection. Trans Inst Min Metall Section A Miner Ind 95:A80–A86Boland MP, Pilatasig LF, Ibandango CE, McCourt WJ, Aspden JA, Hughes RA, Beate B (2000) Geology of the western cordillera between 0°-1°N, mining development and environmental control project, map and geological information program, report no. 10, (Proyecto de Desarrollo Minero y control Ambiental, Programa de Informacion cartografica y Geológica, Informe no. 10), CODIGEM-BGS, Quito, Ecuador, p 72 (In Spanish)CERCHAR (1986) The CERCHAR abrasiveness index. Centre d’Etudes et des Recherches des Charbonages de France, Verneuil, FranceDeliormanlı A (2011) Cerchar abrasivitiy index (CAI) and its relation to strength and abrasion test methods for marble stones. Constr Build Mat 30:16–21Deliormanlı AH (2012) Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) and its relation to strength and abrasion test methods for marble stones. Constr Build Mater 30:16–21Er S, Tugrul A (2016a) Correlation of physico-mechanical properties of granitic rocks with Cerchar Abrasivity index in Turkey. Measurement 91:114–123Er S, Tugrul A (2016b) Estimation of Cerchar abrasivity index of granitic rocks in Turkey by geological properties using regression analysis. B Eng Geol Environ 75(3):1325–1339Fowell RJ, Abu Bakar MZ (2007) A review of the Cerchar and LCPC rock abrasivity measurement methods. Proceeding of the 11th congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics 155–160Hamzaban MT, Memarian H, Rostami J (2014a) Continuous monitoring of pin tip wear and penetration into rock surface using a new Cerchar abrasivity testing device. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47(2):689–701Hamzaban MT, Memarian H, Rostami J, Ghasemi-Monfared H (2014b) Study of rock-pin interaction in Cerchar abrasivity test. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 72:100–108ISRM (2007) The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. International Society for Rock Mechanics, LisbonKahraman S, Alber M, Fener M, Gunaydin O (2010) The usability of Cerchar abrasivity index for the prediction of UCS and E of Misis fault breccia: regression and artificial neural networks analysis. Expert Syst Appl 37:8750–8756Käsling H, Thuro K (2010) Determining abrasivity of rock in the laboratory. European Rock Mechanics Symposium. EUROCK 2010, Laussane, SwitzerlandLassnig K, Latal C, Klima K (2008) Impact of grain size on the Cerchar abrasiveness test. Ernst and Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH and Co. KG. Berlin Geomechanik und Tunnelbau 1, Heft 1Majeed Y, Abu Bakar MZ (2016) Statistical evaluation of CERCHAR Abrasivity index (CAI) measurement methods and dependence on petrographic and mechanical properties of selected rocks of Pakistan. Bull Eng Geol Environ 75:1341–1360Michalakopoulos TN, Anagnostou VG, Bassanou ME, Panagiotou GN (2005) The influence of steel styli hardness on the Cerchar abrasiveness index value. Inter J Rock Mech Mining Sci Geomechan Abstracts 43:321–327Moradizadeh M, Ghafoori M, Lashkaripour GR, Tarigh Azali S (2013) Utilizing geological properties for predicting cerchar abrasiveness index (CAI) in sandstones. Int J Emerg Technol Advan Eng 3(9):99–109NF P 94–430-1 (2000) Determination du pouvoir abrasif d’une roche— Partie 1: Essai de rayure avec une pointe. Association française de Normalisation (AFNOR), ParisPlinninger R, Kasling H, Thuro K, Spaun G (2003) Testing conditions and geomechanical properties in influencing the CERCHAR abrasiveness index (CAI) value. J Rock Mech Mining Sci 40:159–263Rostami J, Ghasemi A, Gharahbagh AE, Dogruoz C, Dahl F (2014) Study of dominant factors affecting cerchar abrasivity index. Mech Rock Eng 47:1905–1919StatPoint Technologies, Inc (2009) STATGRAPHICS centurion XVI user manual. StatPoint Technologies Inc, The PlainsSuana M, Peters T (1982) The CERCHAR abrasivity index and its relation to rock mineralogy and petrography. Rock Mech Rock Eng 15:1–7Thuro K (1997) Prediction of drillability in hard rock tunneling by drilling and blasting. In: Golser, Hinkel and Schubert (Eds.) Tunnels for people, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 103–108Vallejo C (2007) Evolution of the western cordillera in the Andes of Ecuador (late cretaceous–Paleogene). Dissertation, Institute of Geology, ETH ZürichVallejo C, Winkler W, Spikings RA, Luzieux L, Heller F, Bussy F (2009) Mode and timing of terrane accretion in the forearc of the Andes in Ecuador. In: Kay SM, Ramos VA, Dickinson WR (Eds.) Backbone of the Americas: shallow subduction, plateau uplift, and ridge and terrane collision. Geol Soc Am Mem 204:197–216Vera RH (2016) Geology of Ecuador. Iberia, QuitoVezzoli L, Apuani T, Corazzato C, Uttini A (2017) Geological and geotechnical characterization of the debris avalanche and pyroclastic deposits of Cotopaxi volcano (Ecuador). A contribute to instability-related hazard studies. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 332:51–70West G (1989) Rock abrasiveness testing for tunneling. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 26:151–160Yarali O, Yasar E, Bacak G, Ranjith PG (2008) A study of rock abrasivity and tool wear in coal measures rocks. Int J Coal Geol 74:53–6

Geomechanical characterization and analysis of the Upper Cretaceous flysch materials found in the Basque Arc Alpine region

[EN] Flysch materials are one of the most challenging geological materials and often give rise to slope instability problems. Due to its natural heterogeneity, geomechanical characterization of flysch materials is somewhat difficult. The Spanish Basque Arc Alpine region is a very well-known location for flysch materials. In this paper, an area of approximately 100 km(2) in the region is intensively studied and their flysch materials geomechanically characterized. A total of 33 locations are investigated by a broad geological-geotechnical investigation, involving petrographic analyses, geomechanical stations, boreholes, and mechanical laboratory tests. In addition, a slope inventory was carried out to assess the situation in the existing slopes in the area. Characterization of materials is carried out in terms of RQD, RMR, and GSI as well as using the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Different correlations are assessed, establishing their appropriateness for estimating the mechanical parameters of a flysch material rock mass.Financial support was provided by the Department of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering of the UPV.Garzón-Roca, J.; Torrijo, F.; Company Rodríguez, J.; Cobos Campos, G. (2021). Geomechanical characterization and analysis of the Upper Cretaceous flysch materials found in the Basque Arc Alpine region. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 80(10):7831-7846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02383-378317846801

Diagenesis, provenance and tectonic setting of siliciclastic rocks. A case study from Upper Devonian of the Iberian Chain (Tabuenca, Spain)

This paper describes the petrography and infers the provenance of siliciclastic rocks from the Upper Devonian of the Iberian Chains (Tabuenca, NE Spain), and outlines the tectonic setting associated with the Ebro Massif. These Devonian deposits are constituted by four different siliciclastic units: the Rodanas, Bolloncillos, Hoya and Huechaseca Formations. The provenance and diagenesis of over 400 sedimentary rocks samples are studied with a combination of petrographic polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. In this sense, AAS and XRF analysis were used to determine the content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Na, K and Sr, among others; and XRD analysis was used to determine the clay's crystalline phases. These rocks experienced intense compaction and quartz cementation processes after deposition. No primary porosity remains nowadays and secondary porosity is rare. The formation of these siliciclastic rocks occurred mainly under subtropical climatic conditions, given the paleogeographical position of the current Iberian landmass during the Devonian

A Parametric Computational Study of RC Building Structures under Corner-Column Removal Situations

[EN] Building progressive collapse is currently one of the hottest topics in the structural engineering field. Most of the research carried out to date on this topic has been focused on the structural analysis of the failure of one or more columns in a building to determine the Alternative Load Paths (ALPs) the structure can activate. Past research was mainly focused on extreme situations with high loads and large structural deformations and, to a lesser extent, research looked at lower loads used in design accidental situations, which requires a different set of assumptions in the analysis. This paper describes a study aimed at analysing accidental design situations in corner-column removal scenarios in reinforced concrete (RC) building structures and evaluating the available real ALPs in order to establish practical recommendations for design situations that could be taken into account in future design codes. A wide parametric computational analysis was carried out with advanced Finite Element (FE) models which the authors validated by full¿scale tests on a purpose¿built building structure. The findings allowed us to: (i) establish design recommendations, (ii) demonstrate the importance of Vierendeel action and (iii) recommend Dynamic Amplification Factors (DAFs) for design situations.This research was funded by Fundacion BBVA-Becas Leonardo a Investigadores y Creadores Culturales 2017; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, grant number BIA2017-88322-R-AR; Generalitat Valenciana/Fons Social Europeu, grant number APOSTD/2019/101 and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, grant number PAID-10-17. This work is also part of the project "Extension of theoretical models against progressive collapse for tall and supertall concrete buildings", funded by the Engineering Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK as part of an Impact Acceleration Account (IAA) held at the University of Surrey (grant number EP/K008153/1), and a continuation of two research projects also funded by EPSRC of the UK (grant ref: EP/K503939 and grant ref: EP/K008153/1).Buitrago, M.; Bertolesi, E.; Garzón-Roca, J.; Sagaseta, J.; Adam, JM. (2020). A Parametric Computational Study of RC Building Structures under Corner-Column Removal Situations. Applied Sciences. 10(24):1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248911S1271024Adam, J. M., Parisi, F., Sagaseta, J., & Lu, X. (2018). Research and practice on progressive collapse and robustness of building structures in the 21st century. Engineering Structures, 173, 122-149. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.082Kiakojouri, F., De Biagi, V., Chiaia, B., & Sheidaii, M. R. (2020). Progressive collapse of framed building structures: Current knowledge and future prospects. Engineering Structures, 206, 110061. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110061Stephen, D., Lam, D., Forth, J., Ye, J., & Tsavdaridis, K. D. (2019). An evaluation of modelling approaches and column removal time on progressive collapse of building. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 153, 243-253. doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.07.019Eren, N., Brunesi, E., & Nascimbene, R. (2019). Influence of masonry infills on the progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete framed buildings. Engineering Structures, 178, 375-394. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.056Zhang, L., Li, H., & Wang, W. (2020). Retrofit Strategies against Progressive Collapse of Steel Gravity Frames. Applied Sciences, 10(13), 4600. doi:10.3390/app10134600Biagi, V. D., Kiakojouri, F., Chiaia, B., & Sheidaii, M. R. (2020). A Simplified Method for Assessing the Response of RC Frame Structures to Sudden Column Removal. Applied Sciences, 10(9), 3081. doi:10.3390/app10093081Yu, J., Luo, L., & Li, Y. (2018). Numerical study of progressive collapse resistance of RC beam-slab substructures under perimeter column removal scenarios. Engineering Structures, 159, 14-27. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.12.038Bermejo, M., Santos, A. P., & Goicolea, J. M. (2017). Development of Practical Finite Element Models for Collapse of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Experimental Validation. Shock and Vibration, 2017, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2017/4636381Fu, Q., & Tan, K.-H. (2019). Numerical study on steel-concrete composite floor systems under corner column removal scenario. Structures, 21, 33-44. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2019.06.003Mucedero, G., Perrone, D., Brunesi, E., & Monteiro, R. (2020). Numerical Modelling and Validation of the Response of Masonry Infilled RC Frames Using Experimental Testing Results. Buildings, 10(10), 182. doi:10.3390/buildings10100182Tohidi, M., & Janby, A. (2020). Finite-Element Modeling of Progressive Failure for Floor-to-Floor Assembly in the Precast Cross-Wall Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 146(6), 04020087. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002588Olmati, P., Sagaseta, J., Cormie, D., & Jones, A. E. K. (2017). Simplified reliability analysis of punching in reinforced concrete flat slab buildings under accidental actions. Engineering Structures, 130, 83-98. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.061Buitrago, M., Sagaseta, J., & Adam, J. M. (2020). Avoiding failures during building construction using structural fuses as load limiters on temporary shoring structures. Engineering Structures, 204, 109906. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109906Buitrago, M., Sagaseta, J., & Adam, J. M. (2018). Effects of sudden failure of shoring elements in concrete building structures under construction. Engineering Structures, 172, 508-522. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.052Joshi, D. D., & Patel, P. V. (2018). Experimental study of precast dry connections constructed away from beam–column junction under progressive collapse scenario. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(2), 209-222. doi:10.1007/s42107-018-0099-zMa, F., Gilbert, B. P., Guan, H., Xue, H., Lu, X., & Li, Y. (2019). Experimental study on the progressive collapse behaviour of RC flat plate substructures subjected to corner column removal scenarios. Engineering Structures, 180, 728-741. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.11.043Yang, T., Han, Z., Deng, N., & Chen, W. (2019). Collapse Responses of Concrete Frames Reinforced with BFRP Bars in Middle Column Removal Scenario. Applied Sciences, 9(20), 4436. doi:10.3390/app9204436Faridmehr, I., & Hajmohammadian Baghban, M. (2020). 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