Indian Ocean analyses

The background and goals of Indian Ocean thermal sampling are discussed from the perspective of a national project which has research goals relevant to variation of climate in Australia. The critical areas of SST variation are identified. The first goal of thermal sampling at this stage is to develop a climatology of thermal structure in the areas and a description of the annual variation of major currents. The sampling strategy is reviewed. Dense XBT sampling is required to achieve accurate, monthly maps of isotherm-depth because of the high level of noise in the measurements caused by aliasing of small scale variation. In the Indian Ocean ship routes dictate where adequate sampling can be achieved. An efficient sampling rate on available routes is determined based on objective analysis. The statistical structure required for objective analysis is described and compared at 95 locations in the tropical Pacific and 107 in the tropical Indian Oceans. XBT data management and quality control methods at CSIRO are reviewed. Results on the mean and annual variation of temperature and baroclinic structure in the South Equatorial Current and Pacific/Indian Ocean Throughflow are presented for the region between northwest Australia and Java-Timor. The mean relative geostrophic transport (0/400 db) of Throughflow is approximately 5 x 106 m3/sec. A nearly equal volume transport is associated with the reference velocity at 400 db. The Throughflow feeds the South Equatorial Current, which has maximum westward flow in August/September, at the end of the southeasterly Monsoon season. A strong semiannual oscillation in the South Java Current is documented. The results are in good agreement with the Semtner and Chervin (1988) ocean general circulation model. The talk concludes with comments on data inadequacies (insufficient coverage, timeliness) particular to the Indian Ocean and suggestions on the future role that can be played by Data Centers, particularly with regard to quality control of data as research bodies are replaced by operational bodies in the Global Ocean Observing System

Compensation for economic and non-economic loss by extinguishment or impairment of native title: a critical and comparative analysis of developments in Australian case law

The recent developments in case law concerning compensation for extinguishment and impairment of native title do not adequately recognise its sui generis status as a right existing prior to the British colonisation of Australia. Both Australian legal principles and jurisprudence from other common law countries such as the US and Canada suggest that a restrictive view limiting native title rights and interests to those practised in antiquity should not be taken, and strict common law principles and limitations should not be applied by courts in compensating native title holders. The sui generis status of native title presents three propositions. The first is that inalienability should be irrelevant to economic compensation. The second proposition is that the economic value of native title should almost always be equal to the value of freehold title, unless specifically restricted by traditional laws or customs or by interference with title prior to the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth). The last proposition arising from the sui generis nature of native title is that compensation for non-economic loss should include additional sums held in trust and invested for future generations

The Ethical Implications, Political Ramifications and Practical Limitations of Adopting Sustainable Development as National and International Policy

This paper is a revised version of a presentation given by Dr. Meyers at the International Conference on a Sustainable Society, Kobe, Japan (March 19-21, 1994)

The Ethical Implications, Political Ramifications and Practical Limitations of Adopting Sustainable Development as National and International Policy

This paper is a revised version of a presentation given by Dr. Meyers at the International Conference on a Sustainable Society, Kobe, Japan (March 19-21, 1994)

What Good Condition?

What Good Condition? collects edited papers, initially delivered at the Treaty Advancing Reconciliation conference, on the proposal for a treaty between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians, a proposal which has been discussed and dissected for nearly 30 years. Featuring contributions from prominent Aboriginal community leaders, legal experts and academics, this capacious work provides an overview of the context and legacy of the residue of treaty proposals and negotiations in past decades; a consideration of the implications of treaty in an Indigenous, national and international context; and, finally, some reflections on regional aspirations and achievements

What Good Condition?

What Good Condition? collects edited papers, initially delivered at the Treaty Advancing Reconciliation conference, on the proposal for a treaty between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians, a proposal which has been discussed and dissected for nearly 30 years. Featuring contributions from prominent Aboriginal community leaders, legal experts and academics, this capacious work provides an overview of the context and legacy of the residue of treaty proposals and negotiations in past decades; a consideration of the implications of treaty in an Indigenous, national and international context; and, finally, some reflections on regional aspirations and achievements

The Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS)

The Integrated Marine Observing System aims to observe the oceans around Australia to meet the national and international research needs. Australia has one of the largest marine jurisdictions of any nation on earth. At over 14 million km2 Australia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is nearly twice the surface area of the Australian continent. It extends from the tropics to high latitudes in Antarctic waters and much of it is unexplored. The surrounding Pacific and Indian Oceans strongly affect the continental climate-system at all time scales, from seasons to decades. The major ocean currents on its eastern, western, northern and southern boundaries, best known of these being the East Australian Current (EAC) and the Leeuwin Current affect regional climatic conditions and help sustain the marine ecosystems. There is evidence that these currents are changing on decadal time scales and have already impacted marine ecosystems, but the data is sparse and neither the currents nor ecosystems have been monitored in a systematic way

Book Reviews

The New Class War: Reagan\u27s Attack On The Welfare State and Its Consequences by Francis Fox Piven and Richard A. Cloward. Reviewed by SAMUEL R. FRIEDMAN Social Service Politics In the United States and Britain by Willard C. Richan. Reviewed by GARY P. FREEMAN Mothers At Work: Public Policies In the United States. Sweden and China by Carolyn Teich Adams and Kathryn Teich Winston. Reviewed by SUSAN MEYERS CHANDLE