Movements and Dive Behaviour of Belugas in Northern Quebec

Three adult and three juvenile belugas were fitted with satellite-linked radio tags in eastern Hudson Bay in mid-August 1993, and one adult was tagged in mid-October 1995 in extreme northeastern Hudson Bay. The tags transmitted data on dive behaviour, and the receiving satellite calculated positions by Doppler-shift triangulation. The belugas tagged in summer in eastern Hudson Bay made no directed or long-distance movements while the tags were attached. Their range did not include the Belcher Islands, and belugas observed in aerial surveys of those islands do not appear to belong to the eastern coastal stock. The single beluga tagged in northern Quebec in October moved into the deep water of western Hudson Strait and travelled east along the southern coast of Hudson Strait, slowing up on reaching shallower water off Salluit and near Charles Island. This whale was still off Salluit when the tag stopped transmitting. All the tagged belugas dived intensively while the tags were attached, although there were individual differences, some belugas diving noticeably less than others. Dive behaviour varied over time, with periods lasting several days of concentrated diving interspersed with periods of less intense diving. 'Intense' periods entailed diving for up to 80% of the time. All belugas, even the one that was in deep water in Hudson Strait, showed dive depth characteristics that were consistent with diving usually to the bottom. However, all belugas always - even in deep water - made dives that usually lasted less than 10 min and very seldom lasted more than 12 min. Belugas tagged as pairs of adults and young showed striking correlations of dive behaviour. The data obtained indicate that it would be appropriate to correct aerial surveys by adding 85% to aerial counts.Mi-août 1993, on a équipé trois bélougas adultes et trois bélougas juvéniles de radio-émetteurs en liaison avec un satellite dans l'est de la baie d'Hudson et mi-octobre 1995 on a équipé un adulte aux confins nord-est de la baie d'Hudson. Les émetteurs ont transmis des données sur le comportement en plongée, et le satellite récepteur a calculé les positions par triangulation de décalage Doppler. Les bélougas équipés en été dans l'est de la baie d'Hudson ne se sont pas déplacés vers un endroit particulier ou sur une longue distance pendant que les émetteurs étaient fixés. Leur territoire ne comprenait pas les îles Belcher, et les bélougas observés lors de survols aériens effectués sur ces îles ne semblent pas appartenir au stock côtier oriental. Le seul bélouga équipé en octobre dans le nord du Québec s'est rendu dans les eaux profondes du détroit d'Hudson occidental dont il a longé la côte méridionale vers l'est, ralentissant au niveau des eaux moins profondes au large de Salluit et près de l'île Charles. Cette baleine était toujours au large de Salluit quand l'émetteur a cessé de fonctionner. Tous les bélougas équipés ont plongé de façon intensive pendant que les émetteurs étaient fixés, bien qu'on ait noté des différences individuelles, certains bélougas plongeant visiblement moins que d'autres. Le comportement en plongée variait avec le temps, des périodes de plongée intense sur plusieurs jours étant séparées par des périodes de plongée moins intense. "Intense" signifie que les bélougas plongeaient jusqu'à 80 p. cent du temps. Tous les individus, même celui qui se trouvait dans l'eau profonde du détroit d'Hudson, montraient des caractéristiques de profondeur de plongée typiques de plongées atteignant généralement le fond. Toutefois, tous les bélougas - même en eau profonde - effectuaient toujours des plongées durant généralement moins de 10 mn et dans de très rares cas plus de 12 mn. Les bélougas équipés en tant que paires adulte-jeune montraient des corrélations frappantes de comportement de plongée. Les données recueillies indiquent qu'il conviendrait de corriger les relevés aériens en ajoutant 85 p. cent aux dénombrements aériens

Training physicians in behavioural change counseling: A systematic review

Background: Poor health behaviours (e.g., smoking, physical inactivity) represent major underlying causes of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Prescriptive behaviour change interventions employed by physicians show limited effectiveness. Physician training in evidence-based behaviour change counselling (BCC) may improve behavioural risk factor management, but the efficacy and feasibility of current programs remains unclear. Objective: (1) To systematically review the efficacy of BCC training programs for physicians, and (2) to describe program content, dose and structure, informing better design and dissemination. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a database search up to January 2018, yielded 1889 unique articles, screened by 2 authors; 9 studies met inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis. Results: 100% of studies reported significant improvements in BCC skills among physicians, most programs targeting provider-patient collaboration, supporting patient autonomy, and use of open questions to elicit “change-talk”. Limitation included: poor reporting quality, high program heterogeneity, small sample sizes, 78% of studies having no comparison group, and less than 30% of skills taught being formally assessed. Conclusion: Training programs were efficacious, but methodological weaknesses limit the ability to determine content and delivery. Caution is necessary when interpreting the results

P2RX7 Purinoceptor: A Therapeutic Target for Ameliorating the Symptoms of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

open access articleDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited muscle disease, leading to severe disability and death in young men. Death is caused by the progressive degeneration of striated muscles aggravated by sterile inflammation. The pleiotropic effects of the mutant gene also include cognitive and behavioral impairments and low bone density. Current interventions in DMD are palliative only as no treatment improves the long-term outcome. Therefore, approaches with a translational potential should be investigated, and key abnormalities downstream from the absence of the DMD product, dystrophin, appear to be strong therapeutic targets. We and others have demonstrated that DMD mutations alter ATP signaling and have identified P2RX7 purinoceptor up-regulation as being responsible for the death of muscles in the mdx mouse model of DMD and human DMD lymphoblasts. Moreover, the ATP–P2RX7 axis, being a crucial activator of innate immune responses, can contribute to DMD pathology by stimulating chronic inflammation. We investigated whether ablation of P2RX7 attenuates the DMD model mouse phenotype to assess receptor suitability as a therapeutic target

Electrogeneration of gold(III) in halide media

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Coulometric titration of organic and pharmaceutical compounds with electrogenerated gold (III)

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

L'or (III) produit électrochimiquement, nouvel agent d'oxydation de substances médicamenteuses

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Validation of a photosynthesis model through the use of the CO2 balance of a greenhouse tomato canopy

International audienc

Rethinking the influence of hydroelectric development on gene flow in a long-lived fish, the Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens

Many hydroelectric dams have been in place for 50 - \u3e100 years, which for most fish species means that enough generations have passed for fragmentation induced divergence to have accumulated. However, for long-lived species such as Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, it should be possible to discriminate between historical population structuring and contemporary gene flow and improve the broader understanding of anthropogenic influence. On the Winnipeg River, Manitoba, two hypotheses were tested: 1) Measureable quantities of former reservoir dwelling Lake Sturgeon now reside downstream of the Slave Falls Generating Station, and 2) genetically differentiated populations of Lake Sturgeon occur upstream and downstream, a result of historical structuring. Genetic methods based on ten microsatellite markers were employed, and simulations were conducted to provide context. With regards to contemporary upstream to downstream contributions, the inclusion of length-at-age data proved informative. Both pairwise relatedness and Bayesian clustering analysis substantiated that fast-growing outliers, apparently entrained after residing in the upstream reservoir for several years, accounted for ~15% of the Lake Sturgeon 525–750 mm fork length captured downstream. With regards to historical structuring, upstream and downstream populations were found to be differentiated (FST = 0.011, and 0.013–0.014 when fast-growing outliers were excluded), and heterozygosity metrics were higher for downstream versus upstream juveniles. Historical asymmetric (downstream) gene flow in the vicinity of the generating station was the most logical explanation for the observed genetic structuring. In this section of the Winnipeg River, construction of a major dam does not appear to have fragmented a previously panmictic Lake Sturgeon population, but alterations to habitat may be influencing upstream to downstream contributions in unexpected ways