Integrating sequence and array data to create an improved 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel

A major use of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data is genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we develop a method to estimate haplotypes from low-coverage sequencing data that can take advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray genotypes on the same samples. First the SNP array data are phased to build a backbone (or 'scaffold') of haplotypes across each chromosome. We then phase the sequence data 'onto' this haplotype scaffold. This approach can take advantage of relatedness between sequenced and non-sequenced samples to improve accuracy. We use this method to create a new 1000GP haplotype reference set for use by the human genetic community. Using a set of validation genotypes at SNP and bi-allelic indels we show that these haplotypes have lower genotype discordance and improved imputation performance into downstream GWAS samples, especially at low-frequency variants. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

El Pueblo : diario republicano de Valencia: El Pueblo : diario republicano de Valencia - Año XV Número 5994 - 1908 noviembre 30 (30/11/1908)

The object of this review is to bring together and to correlate our present knowledge of products and mechanisms in the radiolysis of peptides, polypeptides and proteins in both aqueous and solid-state systems. Results obtained with various experimental techniques such as product analysis, competition kinetics, ESR spectroscopy and pulse radiolysis are included. Here in part I the emphasis is on the various radiation-induced reactions of the peptide main-chain in model systems. In part II the emphasis is on the radiation chemistry of side-chain loci of the aliphatic, sulfur-containing, aromatic and other unsaturated amino acid residues in similar systems. And, in part III this information on model systems is used in interpreting the mechanisms of chemical change in the radiolysis of proteins in aqueous solution and in the solid state. 60 references

Reaction mechanisms in the radiolysis of peptides, polypeptides and proteins

The purpose of this review is to bring together and to correlate the wide variety of experimental studies that provide information on the reaction products and reaction mechanisms involved in the radiolysis of peptides, polypeptides and proteins (including chromosomal proteins) in both aqueous and solid-state systems. The comparative radiation chemistry of these systems is developed in terms of specific reactions of the peptide main-chain and the aliphatic, aromatic-unsaturated and sulfur-containing side-chains. Information obtained with the various experimental techniques of product analysis, competition kinetics, spin-trapping, pulse radiolysis and ESR spectroscopy is included. 147 refs