Energy consumption in the US reconsidered. Evidence across sources and economic sectors

This study analyzes the impact of GDP shocks in USA on primary energy consumption and the reverse impact in a comprehensive and novel framework, distinguishing by economic sectors (commercial, industrial, residential and transportation) and energy source, i.e., total fossil (coal, natural gas and petroleum), nuclear, and renewable (hydroelectric, geothermal and biomass) for the period 1973:1 to 2015:2. To this end, we apply Granger causality analysis through the Hatemi-J [1] and Toda and Yamamoto [2] approaches from a time series perspective to evaluate the existence of asymmetries on this bidirectional relationship. The empirical results suggest that the impact of GDP on primary energy consumption is heterogeneous and energy source-specific, and an asymmetric behavior appears among cycles. Moreover, it seems clear that the US economy is highly dependent on petroleum energy consumption. The renewable energy sources do not seem to show any relationshipsources seem to show no relationship with economic growth, and finally, our results suggest that energy consumption in the industrial sector is key to economic growth and is also very sensitive to negative economic shocks

A Bloody Polyp in the Sigmoid Colon

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Síndrome do intestino irritável: novidades de uma doença antiga

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, which can affect all members of a society, regardless of age, sex, race or socioeconomic status. Because of its high prevalence and chronic nature, it represents a significant economic burden. In fact, these patients have a relevant impairment of their quality of life, which limits their work productivity and daily social activities, especially when it is associated with other disorders, such as anxiety and depression. The diagnosis of IBS relies on symptom-based diagnostic criteria with normal results on a limited number of complementary tests that rule out other possible diagnoses. The aetiology of this condition is incompletely established. However, evidence suggests that it is a multifactorial disorder with several different mechanisms that have been implicated as responsible for the symptoms. Since the treatment strategy is usually based on predominant symptoms and their severity, it is important to recognise the underlying mechanisms in order to successfully relief the visceral pain and altered bowel habits. The aim of this non-systematic review of the literature was to explore the pathophysiology and treatment options of IBS, highlighting the most recent evidence, from the new Rome IV criteria to the new drug armamentarium.A síndrome do intestino irritável é um distúrbio gastrointestinal funcional, que pode afetar todos os membros da sociedade, independentemente da idade, sexo, raça ou estrato socioeconómico. Devido à sua elevada prevalência e natureza crónica, representa um encargo económico significativo. De facto, estes doentes apresentam uma alteração relevante da sua qualidade de vida, o que limita a sua produtividade laboral e atividades de vida diárias, sobretudo quando está associada a outros distúrbios, tais como ansiedade e depressão. O diagnóstico da síndrome do intestino irritável depende de critérios diagnósticos baseados em sintomas, com resultados normais num número limitado de testes complementares que exluem outros diagnósticos possíveis. A etiologia desta doença não está completamente estabelecida. No entanto, a evidência sugere que se trata de um distúrbio multifatorial com vários mecanismos diferentes que têm sido implicados como responsáveis pelos sintomas. Visto que a estratégia terapêutica é geralmente baseada nos sintomas predominantes e sua gravidade, é importante reconhecer os mecanismos subjacentes para aliviar com sucesso a dor visceral e a alteração dos hábitos intestinais. O objetivo desta revisão literária não sistemática consistiu em explorar a fisiopatologia e opções terapêuticas disponíveis para a síndrome do intestino irritável, realçando a evidência mais recente, desde os novos critérios Roma IV até ao novo arsenal farmacológico.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mappings between dendroids (fans) that (does not) preserve (non)contractibility.

J. J. Charatonik formuló en 1991 el siguiente problema: ¿Qué funciones preservan contractibilidad (no contractibilidad) de dendroides? Por otro lado, J. J. Charatonik, W. J. Charatonik y S. Miklos en 1990 hicieron las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué tipo de funciones confluentes preservan contractibilidad de abanicos? y ¿Qué tipo de funciones confluentes preservan no contractibilidad de abanicos?En este artículo daremos algunas respuestas parciales a estas preguntas. Adicionalmente, consideramos estas preguntas con otras familias de funciones.J. J. Charatonik formulated in 1991 the following problem: What are all mappings that preserve contractibility (noncontractibility) of dendroids? On the other hand, J. J. Charatonik, W. J. Charatonik, and S. Miklos asked in 1990 the following questions (among others related to contractibility): What kinds of confluent mappings preserve contractibility of fans? And what kinds of confluent mappings preserve non contractibility of fans?In this paper, we will show some partial answers to these questions. Additionally, we will consider these questions with other kinds of families of mappings

La humanización del mito clásico en el contexto barroco y sus fuentes renacentistas

Treballs Finals de Grau de Filologia Hispànica. Facultat de Filologia. Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2020-2021. Tutor: Gastón GilabertEn el Barroco el tratamiento de los mitos clásicos evoluciona respecto del movimiento renacentista. En el presente trabajo se observará, mediante el análisis del mito de Orfeo y Eurídice en composiciones literarias de Garcilaso, perteneciente al movimiento renacentista, y de Lope de Vega, uno de los representantes del Barroco español, el camino humanizador de los mitos clásicos que tiene lugar en el Barroco y su evolución respecto del tratamiento del mito en el Renacimiento. Asimismo, se incidirá en los posibles motivos que propiciaron el cambio en la visión y estilización de los mitos de la antigüedad en el movimiento barroco. Palabras clave: Renacimiento, Barroco, Garcilaso, Lope, mitología, Orfeo y EurídiceIn the Baroque the treatment and processing of the classical myths evolved with respect to the Renaissance movement. In this paper, by analysing the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in literary compositions by Garcilaso, a member of the Renaissance movement, and Lope de Vega, one of the major artist and representative of the Spanish Baroque, we will observe the humanising tendency of classical myths that took place in the Baroque and its evolution with regard to the treatment of myth in the Renaissance. In addition, the possible reasons that led to the change in the vision and styling of the myths of antiquity in the Baroque movement will also be explored and analysed. Keywords: Renaissance, Baroque, Garcilaso, Lope, mythology, Orpheus and Eurydic

Energy consumption in the US reconsidered. Evidence across sources and economic sectors

This study analyzes the impact of GDP shocks in USA on primary energy consumption and the reverse impact in a comprehensive and novel framework, distinguishing by economic sectors (commercial, industrial, residential and transportation) and energy source, i.e., total fossil (coal, natural gas and petroleum), nuclear, and renewable (hydroelectric, geothermal and biomass) for the period 1973:1 to 2015:2. To this end, we apply Granger causality analysis through the Hatemi-J [1] and Toda and Yamamoto [2] approaches from a time series perspective to evaluate the existence of asymmetries on this bidirectional relationship. The empirical results suggest that the impact of GDP on primary energy consumption is heterogeneous and energy source-specific, and an asymmetric behavior appears among cycles. Moreover, it seems clear that the US economy is highly dependent on petroleum energy consumption. The renewable energy sources do not seem to show any relationshipsources seem to show no relationship with economic growth, and finally, our results suggest that energy consumption in the industrial sector is key to economic growth and is also very sensitive to negative economic shocks

Las técnicas activas y su incidencia en el desarrollo de la inteligencia naturalista en los niños del nivel inicial de la Unidad Educativa Academia Militar San diego cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, en el periodo 2013-2014.

Determinar la incidencia de las técnicas activas, en el desarrollo de la inteligencia naturalista en los niños del Nivel Inicial de la Unidad Educativa Academia Militar “San Diego” cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, en el período 2013 – 2014.La presente investigación se basó en determinar cómo inciden las técnicas activas en el desarrollo de la inteligencia naturalista de los niños del Nivel Inicial de la Unidad Educativa Academia Militar ¿San Diego¿ cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, en el período 2013 ¿ 2014. La investigación permitió analizar la metodología que aplican las docentes del nivel inicial para estimular el desarrollo de la inteligencia naturalista en los niños y determinar si se utiliza técnicas activas para acercar al niño a la naturaleza y todo o que ésta conlleva. El trabajo de investigación estuvo justificados por cuanto se evidenció la necesidad, la importancia, la pertinencia y la factibilidad, así también se aclaró que los beneficiarios directos serán los niños y niñas y por ende los docentes que podrán contar con técnicas activas, creativas y motivadoras. Para la elaboración del marco teórico se recopiló información de libros y sitios de internet que permitieron sustentar teóricamente el trabajo de una manera científica. En la parte metodológica se expusieron los métodos y las técnicas de investigación, así como la población y la muestra de estudio. Los instrumentos de recolección de información que fueron un cuestionario de encuesta con preguntas cerradas las cuales permiten un análisis más exacto y un adecuado análisis e interpretación, solo así se pudo comprobar la existencia del problema y se plantearon las recomendaciones para poder trabajarlo. Entre las recomendaciones están la puesta en marcha de una Guía de técnicas activas para desarrollar la inteligencia naturalista en los niños de nivel inicial. La Guía contiene actividades novedosas, creativas y atractivas para que los docentes las pongan en práctica en pos de lograr una educación integral, que es lo que se nota en los impactos expuestos al final.Licenciatur

Impaired Function of HDAC6 Slows Down Axonal Growth and Interferes with Axon Initial Segment Development

The development of morphological neuronal polarity starts by the formation and elongation of an axon. At the same time the axon initial segment (AIS) is generated and creates a diffusion barrier which differentiate axon and somatodendritic compartment. Different structural and functional proteins that contribute to the generation of neuronal action potential are concentrated at the axon initial segment. While axonal elongation is controlled by signalling pathways that regulate cytoskeleton through microtubule associated proteins and tubulin modifications, the microtubule cytoskeleton under the AIS is mostly unknown. Thus, understanding which proteins modify tubulin, where in the neuron and at which developmental stage is crucial to understanding how morphological and functional neuronal polarity is achieved. In this study performed in mice and using a well established model of murine cultured hippocampal neurons, we report that the tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 is localized at the distal region of the axon, and its inhibition with TSA or tubacin slows down axonal growth. Suppression of HDAC6 expression with HDAC6 shRNAs or expression of a non-active mutant of HDAC6 also reduces axonal length. Furthermore, HDAC6 inhibition or suppression avoids the concentration of ankyrinG and sodium channels at the axon initial segment (AIS). Moreover, treatment of mouse cultured hippocampal neurons with detergents to eliminate the soluble pool of microtubules identified a pool of detergent resistant acetylated microtubules at the AIS, not present at the rest of the axon. Inhibition or suppression of HDAC6 increases acetylation all along the axon and disrupts the specificity of AIS cytoskeleton, modifying the axonal distal gradient localization of KIF5C to a somatodendritic and axonal localization. In conclusion, our results reveal a new role of HDAC6 tubulin deacetylase as a regulator of microtubule characteristics in the axon distal region where axonal elongation takes place, and allowing the development of acetylated microtubules microdomains where HDAC6 is not concentrated, such as the axon initial segment

Tratamento de varizes retais de difícil controlo

Background: Rectal varices are portosystemic collaterals that arise as a complication of portal hypertension. Despite their significant prevalence among cirrhotic patients, clinically important bleeding occurs only in a minority. Various treatment options are available, with endoscopic therapies being widely used, and both interventional radiology and surgery being considered for refractory bleeding rectal varices. Case: We report the case of a 61-year-old male with hepatic cirrhosis and bleedingrectal varices refractory to endoscopic therapy, successfully managed with a combination of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and selective variceal embolization. Conclusions: Radiological techniques are effective options for refractory bleeding. Adding embolization to TIPS implantation could represent a valid adjunctive measure for haemostasis of recurrent rectal variceal bleeding.Introdução: As varizes retais são colaterais portossistémicos que se formam como complicação da hipertensão portal. Apesar de serem frequentes em doentes com cirrose hepática, cursam com hemorragia apenas numa minoria dos casos. Entre as opções terapêuticas disponíveis, a endoscópica é a mais amplamente disponível e utilizada, sendo as intervenções da radiologia ou da cirurgia reservadas para casos de hemorragia refratária. Caso: Apresenta-se o caso de um homem de 61 anos com cirrose hepá­tica e hemorragia com ponto de partida em varizes retais. Por refratariedade ao tratamento endoscópico, uma combinação de shunt portossistémico intrahepático transjugu­lar e embolização seletiva das varizes retais foi necessária para uma hemóstase eficaz. Conclusão: A combinação do TIPS com a embolização seletiva das varizes retais é uma alternativa terapêutica na hemorragia por varizes retais refratárias a tratamento endoscópico.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio