The Dual Path Initiative Framework

This thesis, conducted at Norconsult Astando AB, investigates and finds the best performing algorithm for routing in a road network given a set of constraints. The constraintsare mainly performance oriented and also the algorithm must not be too complex to implement. A study of algorithms was conducted and the most promising candidate, Contraction Hierarchies, was selectedfor implementation. Experiments suggest that Contraction Hierarchies perform as theoretically expected. Contraction Hierarchies is recommended as the algorithmthat best satisfies the constraints.Ruttning i ett vägnät: Hitta en enkelt implementerbar algoritm utifrån prestandakrav. Detta examensarbete, utfört på Norconsult AstandoAB, ämnar att hitta den bäst presterande algoritm för ruttning i ett vägnät utifrån ett antal restriktioner. Restriktionerna är mestadels prestanda men även att algoritmen inte får vara för komplicerad att implementera. Det gjordes en studie av algoritmer för att hitta den bästa kandidaten. Contraction Hierarchies var den mest lovande och utvaldes för implementation. Praktiska experiment antyder att Contraction Hierarchies presterar som teoretiskt förväntat. Contraction Hierarchies rekommenderas som den algoritm som bäst uppfyller alla restriktioner

The Dual Path Initiative Framework

No abstract

Columbia's first flight shakes down space transportation system

The first space shuttle mission is described. Topics include launch preparations, flight profile, trajectory, and landing operations. The spaceflight tracking and data network is discussed and the photography and television schedules are included

Final S020 Skylab experiment report

After the loss of the meteroid shield required using the solar scientific airlock to erect the sun shade, methods were improvised to operate the S020 experiment on EVA's. Almost no data was obtained in the wavelength range 10 to 110 A. From 110 to 280 A the spectra were 10 to 100 time less intense than expected. A probable cause in loss of instrument sensitivity is the contamination of the filters by the spacecraft coolant. A list of observed lines in presented. Although less data was obtained than expected, several lines not previously observed were recorded; and the spectra serve to confirm many very faintly observed weak lines recorded from sounding rockets by other experiments

The Dilemma of Direct Democracy

The dilemma of direct democracy is that voters may not always be able to make welfare- improving decisions. Lupia’s seminal work has led us to believe that voters can substitute voting cues for substantive policy knowledge. Lupia, however, emphasized that cues were valuable under certain conditions and not others. In what follows, we present three main findings regarding voters and what they know about California’s Proposition 7. First, much like Lupia reported, we show voters who are able to recall endorsements for or against a ballot measure vote similarly to people who recall certain basic facts about the initiative. We show, second, that voters whose stated policy preferences would otherwise suggest they would favor the “no” position cast their ballots with far less error than do people who favor the “yes” position. One thing this suggests is that many voters may employ a “defensive no” strategy when faced with complex policy choices on the ballot. Our third result is a bit surprising: we find that better- informed voters, whether this information is derived from factual knowledge of the initiative or from knowledge of well-publicized voting cues, are no more likely to make reasoned decisions than those who are, by our measure, uninformed. This suggests that existing theories of voter choice, especially in direct democracy, may be inadequate. We conclude with some preliminary policy recommendations that could help improve the information environment for initiatives and referenda by providing key information on the ballot