Lesiones traqueales focales. A propósito de un caso

Presentamos un caso de carcinoma adenoide quístico de tráquea demostrado mediante TC multidetector de 64 coronas, PET-TC, y co- rrelación anatomopatológica, en un paciente con hemoptisis. En este artículo revisamos el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones traqueales únicas focales mediante tomografía computarizada (TC). Las técnicas de imagen permitieron el diagnóstico e infravaloraron la invasión de la pared traqueal en este caso, confi rmada con posterioridad mediante el estudio histológico. INGLÉS: We present a case of adenoid cystic tracheal carcinoma detected by computerized tomography (64-MDCT) with cyto-histological correlation in a patient with hemoptysis. In this article we review the differential diagnosis of solitary focal tracheal lesions as they appear in computerized tomography (CT). In this case, image methods suggested the diagnosis but underestimated the tracheal wall invasion, which was established by histologycal examination of the resected tumor

Estudio PET-TC con 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA combinado con el análisis genético para la optimización de la clasificación y tratamiento de un niño con hiperinsulinismo congénito grave

Abstract BACKGROUND: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in infancy. The differential diagnosis between focal and diffuse forms of CHI is of great importance when planning surgery. The aim of this article is to show the first case of focal CHI diagnosed in Spain using PET-CT imaging combined with genetic analysis. METHODS: A 13 month child with CHI and normal conventional radiological investigations treated with diazoxide, diet control and feeding by gastrostomy is presented. Genetic analysis of ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes and PET-TAC using 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA were performed. RESULTS: A pathological mutation (G111R) in the paternal allele of ABCC8 was detected. PET-CT scanning using 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA showed a focus of high uptake in the body of the pancreas compatible with adenoma that was hystopathologically confirmed. After surgical resection the patient is asymptomatic without needing either pharmacological treatment or dietetic control. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of genetic analysis and 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA PET-TAC shows a great potential for the identification, location and guideline for surgery in CHI

Evaluation of spacial resolution of a PET scanner through the simulation and experimental measurement of the Recovery coefficient

Purpose: In order to measure spatial resolution of a PET tomograph in clinical conditions, this study describes and validates a method based on the recovery coefficient, a factor required to compensate underestimation in measured radioactivity concentration for small structures. Methods: In a PET image, the recovery factors of radioactive spheres were measured and their comparison with simulated recovery coefficients yielded the tomographic spatial resolution. Following this methodology, resolution was determined in different surrounding media and several conditions for reconstruction, including clinical conditions for brain PET studies. All spatial resolution values were compared with those obtained using classical methods with point and line sources. Results: In each considered condition, spatial resolution of the PET image estimated using the recovery coefficient showed good agreement with classical methods measurements, validating the procedure. Conclusion: Measurement of the recovery coefficient provides an assessment of tomographic spatial resolution, particularly in clinical studies conditions

Estudio descriptivo del patrón de dieta y adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica en La Rioja

Trabajo presentado en la Reunión Anual de la Sociedad de Neurología del País Vasco, celebrada en San Sebastián (España), los días 3 y 4 de marzo de 202

Valoración de la Calidad de sueño, actividad física y estado cognitivo en una serie de pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) prodrómica: Estudio descriptivo

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la LXXIII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Española de Neurología, celebrada de forma virtual del 22 de noviembre al 2 de diciembre de 2021Objetivo: Describir la calidad de sueño, actividad física y estado cognitivo en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica (EA). Analizar los problemas de sueño y ejercicio físico en función de la presencia o no de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRV), antecedentes familiares de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (AF), MMSE y biomarcadores. Se emplearon los cuestionarios de Pittsburg (PSQI), de actividad física (ClassAF) y el Minimental state examination (MMSE) para evaluar la calidad de sueño, la actividad física y el estado cognitivo respectivamente. El análisis estadístico fue llevado a cabo con el programa SPSS. Resultados: Revisados 23 casos con EA prodrómica con edad inferior a 75 años y PET-amiloide positivo 100%. Mujeres 69,56%. Estudios primarios 47,82%. FRV 52,17%. AF 56,52%. MMSE 26.91(±1.47). Problemas en calidad de sueño 52,17%. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la calidad de sueño entre los que presentaron FRV y los que no (50% vs. 54,54% respectivamente). Actividad física: laboral o doméstica: 86,95% (moderada); ejercicio físico y/o deporte: 78,26% (ligero); frecuencia semanal de ejercicio físico y/o deporte: 78,26% (diariamente), sin diferencias en función del FRV. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, más de la mitad de los pacientes presentan problemas de sueño. Sin embargo, no se encuentran diferencias en la calidad del sueño entre los pacientes que presentan o no factores de riesgo cardiovascular. No hay diferencias en la actividad física en relación con la presencia o no de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con EA prodrómica. Limitaciones: tamaño muestral.Peer reviewe

Estudio PET-TC con 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA combinado con el análisis genético para la optimización de la clasificación y tratamiento de un niño con hiperinsulinismo congénito grave

Abstract BACKGROUND: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in infancy. The differential diagnosis between focal and diffuse forms of CHI is of great importance when planning surgery. The aim of this article is to show the first case of focal CHI diagnosed in Spain using PET-CT imaging combined with genetic analysis. METHODS: A 13 month child with CHI and normal conventional radiological investigations treated with diazoxide, diet control and feeding by gastrostomy is presented. Genetic analysis of ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes and PET-TAC using 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA were performed. RESULTS: A pathological mutation (G111R) in the paternal allele of ABCC8 was detected. PET-CT scanning using 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA showed a focus of high uptake in the body of the pancreas compatible with adenoma that was hystopathologically confirmed. After surgical resection the patient is asymptomatic without needing either pharmacological treatment or dietetic control. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of genetic analysis and 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA PET-TAC shows a great potential for the identification, location and guideline for surgery in CHI

Evaluation of spacial resolution of a PET scanner through the simulation and experimental measurement of the Recovery coefficient

Purpose: In order to measure spatial resolution of a PET tomograph in clinical conditions, this study describes and validates a method based on the recovery coefficient, a factor required to compensate underestimation in measured radioactivity concentration for small structures. Methods: In a PET image, the recovery factors of radioactive spheres were measured and their comparison with simulated recovery coefficients yielded the tomographic spatial resolution. Following this methodology, resolution was determined in different surrounding media and several conditions for reconstruction, including clinical conditions for brain PET studies. All spatial resolution values were compared with those obtained using classical methods with point and line sources. Results: In each considered condition, spatial resolution of the PET image estimated using the recovery coefficient showed good agreement with classical methods measurements, validating the procedure. Conclusion: Measurement of the recovery coefficient provides an assessment of tomographic spatial resolution, particularly in clinical studies conditions