Employment management policies in single-industry towns in the light of existing issues of precarious employment

Purpose: The article aims to study the precarious employment in single-industry towns and to assess the effectiveness of government measures aimed at reducing it and ensuring the protection of economic and social rights of workers. Design/Methodology/Approach: It was revealed that the transition to an information-digital society, which continues to be formatted at the junction of changes in communication technologies and the motivation of employment behavior, has significantly changed the labor market in Russia. There was a massive introduction of non-standard forms of employment, which has not only positive effects, but also negative risks that are most acute in single-industry towns. To minimize these risks, it is necessary to find mechanisms to increase the economic and social security of workers with flexible employment. Findings: The paper proposes to develop an employment management policy in single-industry towns regarding the precarious employment and include measures of solving the issues related to self-employment of the population. Practical Implications: The practical results of the study can be used to develop assumptions for regional authorities to reduce precarious employment in single-industry towns. Originality / Value: The main contribution of this study is that single-industry cities should reduce inefficient “social employment” by creating highly efficient jobs and developing self-employmenpeer-reviewe

National competitiveness as the object of indicative planning in the context of re-industrialization

Three years after the adoption of legislation regarding strategical planning we are able to see the first statistical results, reflecting actual conditions of regulated objects. The subject of this article is to examine the system of indicators of state economic policy, targeting to stimulate the development of economic potential with the aim to improve national economic competitiveness. The objective is the competitiveness of domestic economy as the subject of regulation. The aim is the analysis of the system of indicators on the basis of comparison of actual and planned data, detecting weakly correlated indicators and to make recommendations to correct the system of indicators. The article analyses the indicators that are being used in normative and legal documents. The authors consider long-term and medium-term targets for economic frontier development, as well as main factors that should be accounted while formulating the system of indicators for the economic potential in long- and medium-term. As the list of indicators of economic development in the strategic documents is vast, the chosen direction considers the production with high added value. The indicators considered reflect the indicative aim of scientific development, national innovation system and technology as the most important foundations for improvement of national economic competitiveness. Multidirectional trend of economic development and administration indicators has been detected. The formation of system of supplementary indicators that reflect the development of production frontier has been proposed.peer-reviewe

Irrational behavior of youth when taking financial decisions

Purpose: The article contains research on internal factors of irrational behaviour initiated by the objective to reveal correlation between individual and personal, psychological peculiarities and irrational behavior in life situations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on a hypothesis that there is a correlation between personal peculiarities and an irrational choice when students of economic HEIs make decisions of economic nature. Such life-purpose orientations as “Locus of control Me” and “Locus of control Life” are connected with irrational economic behavior. Findings: The study allows enriching the subject field of behavioral economics from the point of view of the specificity of economic and psychological characteristics, attitudes towards an economic choice, and the identification of emotional and personal indicators of irrational behavior. It has been revealed that the psychological characteristics of a person (mental processes, orientation of an individual, life-purpose orientations) influence students' irrational economic behavior. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be used by economic institutions (HEIs) in the selection of students for educational programs. The developed diagnostic game technique, the styles of irrational behavior described by the authors can be used in the practice of the educational process of economic HEIs or in assessing the propensity to make irrational economic decisions in other areas of human activity Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is the clarification of factors of finacial behavior of youth.peer-reviewe

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ: ЗАТЯЖНАЯ РЕГРЕССИЯ ИЛИ ДВИЖЕНИЕ ВПЕРЕД

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of educational reforms in advanced economies and in Russia so performed differently at various instances and to identify positive and negative trends in the system of Russian education based on the results of moving to a two-tiered system of education. Research methodology: the article presents a description of the methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, generalization), expressed in the consistency of the conceptual apparatus, the relationship of concepts and basic principles, ensuring the relationship between functional theoretical principles based on the reform of the Russian education system, and empirical methods (observation, measurement), providing research results based on the realities of modern reality. The systematic approach is analyzed for a qualitative study of the processes and phenomena occurring in the Russian education system, aimed at solving the following problems of professional education: development of theoretical concepts based on system principles; educational process management; substantiation of the consistency of conclusions and proposals characterizing the processes of education. Results: annually forecast the need for staffing in territorial planning, introduce a correlation in the recruitment for higher and secondary vocational education programs, revive the training system for workers and restore the prestige of secondary vocational education.  El objetivo del estudio es realizar un análisis comparativo de las reformas educativas en países con economías desarrolladas y en Rusia, llevado a cabo de manera diferente en diferentes casos, e identificar tendencias positivas y negativas en el sistema educativo ruso en función de los resultados de la transición a un sistema educativo de dos niveles. Metodología de la investigación: el artículo describe los métodos de investigación teórica (análisis, síntesis, generalización), expresados ​​en la consistencia del aparato conceptual, la relación de conceptos y principios básicos que aseguran la interconexión de los principios teórico funcionales basados ​​en la reforma. Sistema educativo ruso y métodos empíricos (observación, medición) que proporcionan resultados de investigación basados ​​en las realidades de la realidad moderna. Se utiliza un enfoque sistemático para un estudio cualitativo de los procesos y fenómenos que ocurren en el sistema educativo ruso, con el objetivo de resolver las siguientes tareas de la educación profesional: desarrollo de conceptos teóricos basados ​​en principios del sistema; gestión de procesos educativos; fundamentación de la consistencia de conclusiones y sugerencias que caracterizan los procesos de aprendizaje. Resultados: pronostica anualmente la necesidad de personal en la planificación territorial, introduce correlación en el reclutamiento para programas de educación vocacional superior y secundaria, revive el sistema de capacitación para trabajadores y restablece el prestigio de la educación vocacional secundaria.Цель исследования – провести сравнительный анализ образовательных реформ в странах с развитой экономикой и в России, проведенных по-разному в разных случаях, и выявить положительные и отрицательные тенденции в системе российского образования на основе результатов перехода к двухуровневой системе образования. Методология исследования: в статье представлено описание методов теоретического исследования (анализа, синтеза, обобщения), выраженных в согласованности концептуального аппарата, взаимосвязи концепций и базовых принципов, обеспечивающих взаимосвязь функционально-теоретических принципов на основе реформирования. российской системы образования и эмпирические методы (наблюдение, измерение), обеспечивающие результаты исследований, основанные на реалиях современной реальности. Системный подход используется для качественного изучения процессов и явлений, происходящих в российской системе образования, направленных на решение следующих задач профессионального образования: разработка теоретических концепций на основе системных принципов; управление учебным процессом; обоснование согласованности выводов и предложений, характеризующих процессы обучения. Результаты: ежегодно прогнозировать потребность в кадрах в территориальном планировании, вводить корреляцию при наборе на программы высшего и среднего профессионального образования, возрождать систему подготовки рабочих и восстанавливать престиж среднего профессионального образования

Research of the Russian companies’ potential and the success factors

The article presents the results of the key factors of the chemical and petrochemical companies’ success which are in the “Expert-400” rating. This rating includes the most successful companies with highest yields, profits and efficiency. While researching, the grouping of companies according to their industry affiliation to the chemical and petrochemical industry was done. The number of companies affiliated to the selected industry rated as the best ones is 14 or 3% from the total number. One company of each form of ownership to reveal the main regularities and key success factors of the companies of the given industry are taken to be analyzed. The success factors have been identified and researching prospects in the given field have been formulated for a company of each form of ownership.peer-reviewe

Plasmon channels in the electronic relaxation of diamond under high-order harmonics femtosecond irradiation

We used high order harmonics of a femtosecond titanium-doped sapphire system (pulse duration 25 fs) to realise Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) measurements on diamond. The UPS spectra were measured for harmonics in the range 13 to 27. We also made ab initio calculations of the electronic lifetime of conduction electrons in the energy range produced in the UPS experiment. Such calculations show that the lifetime suddenly diminishes when the conduction electron energy reaches the plasmon energy, whereas the UPS spectra show evidence in this range of a strong relaxation mechanism with an increased production of low energy secondary electrons. We propose that in this case the electronic relaxation proceeds in two steps : excitation of a plasmon by the high energy electron, the latter decaying into individual electron-hole pairs, as in the case of metals. This process is observed for the first time in an insulator and, on account of its high efficiency, should be introduced in the models of laser breakdown under high intensity

Photoconductivity and Photoemission of Diamond Under Femtosecond Vuv Irradiation

In order to gain some insight on the electronic relaxation mechanisms occuring in diamond under high intensity laser excitation and/or VUV excitation, we studied experimentally the pulsed conductivity induced by femtosecond VUV pulses, as well as the energy spectra of the photoelectrons released by the same irradiation. The source of irradiation consists in highly coherent VUV pulses obtained through high order harmonic generation of a high intensity femtosecond pulse at a 1.55 eV photon energy (titanium-doped sapphire laser). Harmonics H9 to H17 have been used for photoconductivity (PC) and harmonics H13 to H27 for photoemission experiments (PES). As the photon energy is increased, it is expected that the high energy photoelectrons will generate secondary e-h pairs, thus increasing the excitation density and consequently the PC signal. This is not what we observe : the PC signal first increases for H9 to H13, but then saturates and even decreases. Production of low energy secondary e-h pairs should also be observed in the PES spectrum. In fact we observe very few low energy electrons in the PES spectrum obtained with H13 and H15, despite the sufficient energy of the generated free carriers. At the other end (H21 and above), a very intense low energy secondary electron peak is observed. As a help to interprete such data, we realized the first ab initio calculations of the electronic lifetime of quasiparticles, in the GW approximation in a number of dielectrics including diamond. We find that the results are quite close to a simple "Fermi-liquid" estimation using the electronic density of diamond. We propose that a quite efficient mechanism could be the excitation of plasmons by high energy electrons, followed by the relaxation of plasmons into individual e-h pairs

Functional characteristic of ski-runners in Komi Republic

Objective: to study functional characteristic of ski-runners from national teams of the Komi Republic. Materials and methods: 43 skiers aged from 16 to 34 (30 men and 13 women) were examined. We determined a number of somatometric, physiometric and physiological parameters of both male and female ski-runners at rest and during the standardized bicycle ergometer tests. The ECG recordings were analyzed using the Ecosan-2007 complex. Results: we found that maximal oxygen consumption and PWC-170 parameters in ski runners living in the North were similar to the average parameters for Russia. Heart rate variability parameters showed predominance of the parasympathetic cardiovascular regulation, especially in men. Conclusions: according to the majority of somatometric, physiometric, and physiological parameters, and to the results of physical capacity tests (MOC, PWC-170) women showed substantially lower results than men. During the standardized bicycle ergometer tests women showed higher «physiological cost» (by pulse, pressure, respiration, ventilation and oxygen consumption parameters) of physical work

Investigation on application of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for alkaline waste treatment

The stabilization of neptunium(IV) in alkaline solution by chemical reductants under various conditions was studied. Testing showed that neptunium(V) is slowly reduced to Np(IV) by V(IV) at room temperature in alkaline solutions. Increasing temperature accelerates reduction. Complete reduction of 2 x 10{sup -4} M Np(V) occurs in three hours at 80{degrees}C in 1 M NaOH with 0.02 M VOSO{sub 4-}. Under similar conditions, but in 5 M NaOH, only 15 to 20% of the Np(V) was reduced in 5 hours. In all cases, about 98 % of the initial neptunium was found in the precipitate. Thus V(IV) acts both as a reductant and as a precipitation carrier. Tests showed Np(V) reduction by hydrazine hydrate could be catalyzed by Pd(II). Reduction increased with temperature and catalyst concentration and decreased with hydroxide concentration. Reduction of Np(V) also takes place in 1 M NaOH solutions containing 1 M sodium formate and palladium. Increasing temperature accelerates reduction; with three hours` treatment in 5 M NaOH solution at 90{degrees}C, about 95 % of the initial 2 x 10{sup -4} M neptunium(V) is transformed to Np(IV). Organic complexants and organic acid anions hinder the decontamination of alkaline solutions from neptunium and plutonium by coprecipitation with d-element hydroxides (the Method of Appearing Reagents). It was found that ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetate (HEDTA) are decomposed by H{sub 2}O{sub 2} in alkaline solution in the presence of cobalt compounds with heating and by Na2S208 at moderate temperatures. Citrate, glycolate, and oxalate are decomposed by Na{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8} with heating. Oxidant amounts must be increased when NaNO{sub 2} also is present in solution. 8 refs., 25 figs., 16 tabs