New World Origins of Southwest Pacific Gesneriaceae: Multiple Movements Across and Within the South Pacific

Coronanthereae is a tribe of ~20 species with a suite of unique morphological characters and a disjunct geographic distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. Three species are found in southern South America and the remainder in the southwest Pacific. It has been suggested, because of this distribution and disjunction, that Coronanthereae represents a relictual Gondwanan group from which the two major lineages in the family, the Old World Cyrtandroideae and the New World Gesnerioideae, originated. We tested this hypothesis by using phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences, ancestral-area reconstruction, and molecular dating. The tribe is placed within the mostly Neotropical subfamily Gesnerioideae and comprises three lineages, treated here as subtribes. Two events of dispersal from South America explain the presence of the tribe in the South Pacific. Negriinae, newly recognized here, comprises arborescent genera: Australian Lenbrassia, New Caledonian Depanthus, and Negria from Lord Howe Island. Mitrariinae groups facultatively epiphytic Australian Fieldia with epiphytes from South America, a finding inconsistent with recent placement of Lenbrassia in synonymy of Fieldia. Coronantherinae consists of the arborescent Coronanthera from New Caledonia and the shrub Rhabdothamnus from New Zealand. Ancestral-area reconstruction and molecular dating of the clades support long-distance dispersal mechanisms, rather than Gondwanan vicariance, for explaining geographic distributions

A systematic study of Parahebe Oliver in New Zealand.

One hundred and forty-five population samples of twelve New Zealand species of Parahebe were grown under uniform conditions in a glasshouse. Data collected on cytology, crossing relationships, geographic variation, breeding systems and field observations on flowering periods, hybridisation, ecology and distribution were used in the production of a taxonomic revision of the genus in New Zealand. The New Zealand species of Parahebe are all self-compatible hermaphrodites. There are six widespread streamside xenogamous species and six predominantly autogamous subalpine species with narrower distribution. In addition, P. canescens is xenogamous and adapted to a very specialised habitat. P. linifolia has both xenogamous and autogamous populations, described here as two subspecies because of their distinct distributions and morphological features. New chromosome counts are reported for P. laxa (n=42) and nine populations of P. catarrectae (n=21). Natural hybridisation is infrequent in Parahebe; only four putative hybrid combinations are known. Hybridisation between various species pairs is prevented by differences in habitat, distribution and breeding system. Fewer artificial crosses were successful than reported in several other New Zealand genera, and in some cased hybrids were weak. Allopolyploid origins are suggested for P. olsenii and P. plano-petiolata. Geographic variation in several species is described. A principal component analysis and other statistical techniques were used to study variation in P. catarrectae Studies of floral morphology, cytology, crossing relationships and clinical variation patterns in P. catarrectae support its recognition as a single, though widespread, variable species. One group of populations is given subspecific status as subsp. glabriuscula. In terms of vegetative and floral morphology, subsp. glabriuscula is considered more distinct than any previously described taxon now included in P. catarrectae. This conclusion is supported by the principal component analysis. P. olsenii and P. laxa are reinstated as species. The roles of hybridisation, adaptation to new habitats, geographic variation, reproductive biology and allopolyploidy in the evolution of the genus are discussed. It is suggested that Parahebe evolved from Veronica and that Detzneria, Hebe and Pygmea are specialised derivatives of Parahebe-like ancestor

A new combination in Syzygium for Eugenia maire (Myrtaceae) of New Zealand

Volume: 60Start Page: 396End Page: 40

Classification, Origin, and Diversification of the New Zealand Hebes (Scrophulariaceae)

Volume: 89Start Page: 38End Page: 6

Performance Analysis of Single Board Computer Clusters

This dataset contains the outputs from HPL runs used to measure performance of 16 nodes clusters built using Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+, and Odroid C2. These clusters were constructed using the Pi Stack PCB which is available from https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D0379.</span

NSC39691

Studies of psychiatric disorders have traditionally focused on emotional symptoms such as depression, anxiety and hallucinations. However, poorly controlled cognitive deficits are equally prominent and severely compromise quality of life, including social and professional integration. Consequently, intensive efforts are being made to characterize the cellular and cerebral circuits underpinning cognitive function, define the nature and causes of cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders and identify more effective treatments. Successful development will depend on rigorous validation in animal models as well as in patients, including measures of real-world cognitive functioning. This article critically discusses these issues, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for improving cognition in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders