Fetomaternal outcome in caesarean section at full dilatation

Background: To study indications, intraoperative and postoperative complications and fetomaternal outcome in cesarean sections done at full dilatation.Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study which was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, RNT medical college, Udaipur from November 2018 to April 2019. 100 cases of caesarean sections at full dilatation which were performed during this period were analyzed for indications and maternal and fetal morbidity.Results: Among these 100 cesarean sections, majority of cases were in the age group of 21-30 years (46%), booked and  Primigravida(81%).Most common indications were cephalo-pelvic disproportion (27%) and fetal distress (21%). Most commonly baby was delivered either by vertex (44%) or by Patwardhan (31%). Intraoperative complications were higher in terms of hematuria in 41%, Atonic PPH in 35%, uterine incision extension in 28% of cases. In one case bladder injury was noticed. Increased incidence of post-operative febrile illness and wound infection were noted. 44% baby’s required nursery admission, most commonly due to birth asphyxia (16%) and RDS (11%).Conclusions: Cesarean section in the 2nd stage of labor is associated with significantly increased maternal morbidity, Neonatal morbidity and mortality. So proper monitoring during labor and involvement of skilled obstetrician in decision making and delivery is crucial to minimize fetomaternal complications

Spectrum of lactobacillus species present in healthy vagina of Indian women

Background & objectives: Lactobacilli are depleted in vagina of women suffering from recurring episodes of bacterial vaginosis with vaginal pH≥5. With the objective of making available probiotic lactobacilli for replenishment in such women, a study was undertaken to isolate and characterize the Lactobacilli present in women with eco-healthy vagina in Delhi. No information is so far available on the species of Lactobacilli resident in vagina of women in India. Methods: Vaginal swabs were taken from 80 women with informed consent after ethical approval and grown in MRS broth. Gram-positive, catalase-negative bacilli generating about 200 bp amplicon by PCR with Lactobacillus genus specifi c primers were further characterized by employing species specifi c primers followed by sequencing of 16S rDNA. Isolates of the same species were differentiated by random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profi les. Results: The predominant species isolated were L. reuteri present in 26 (32.5%) women, L. fermentum in 20 (25%), and L. salivarius in 13 (16.25%) women. Sequencing of 16S rDNA of 20 isolates showed that except for two isolates of L. plantarum, sequences of the remaining agreed well with PCR identification. None of the isolates had similar RAPD profile. Interpretation & conclusions: Our fi ndings showed lactobacilli species present in healthy vagina of women in India differ from those reported from other countries. This information would be useful to development of probiotic tablets seeking to replenish the missing lactobacilli for reproductive health of women in India

role of science communication during covid-19

If we look back over the periods of the history, man has been witnessesd to tragedies. Pandemics are also one of them. In the past there have been many pandemics like spanish flu, influenza etc, which have badly affected human life. The corona pandemmic is also one of them In  such situation, science communication emerges as an essential element, The role of science communication in the era of covid-19 has been mentioned in this paper

A prospective randomized study for comparison of haemodynamic changes and recovery characteristics with propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomies

Background: Day care laparoscopic surgical procedures are rapidly increasing nowadays. Rapid emergence and early recovery from anaesthesia with minimal complications are desired. Both propofol and sevoflurane meet above criteria and established as agents of choice in laparoscopic surgeries for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. So this study aimed to compare sevoflurane with propofol for intraoperative haemodynamic changes with postoperative recovery profile in patient’s undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomies under general anaesthesia.Methods: In this prospective randomized study, sixty patients of either sex, 18-60 years with ASA grade 1 and 2 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomies under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups. In Group S, patients were maintained on sevoflurane anaesthesia (0.5-2.5%) while in Group P, patients were maintained with propofol infusion (75-125 µg/kg/min) along with O2 (50%) and N2O (50%).The intraoperative haemodynamic parameters, recovery characteristics and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were observed in both groups.Results: The mean baseline haemodynamic parameters (HR, SBP, DBP, MBP, SpO2 and EtCO2) were comparable in both groups, (P>0.05). No significant difference in HR was at observed any time interval, P>0.05, however, SBP, DBP and MBP were significantly lower in propofol group at different time intervals, P<0.05, but clinically not significant and patients remained haemodynamically stable in both groups. The mean time for all recovery characteristics were significantly shorter in sevoflurane group as compared to propofol group, (P<0.01). However the incidence of PONV was significantly more in sevoflurane group.Conclusions: Sevoflurane can be used as an effective alternative to propofol for maintenance of anaesthesia in day care laparoscopic procedures as it has better recovery profile with stable haemodynamic parameters

Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: An insight

Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws comprise a diverse group of conditions, which are characterized by replacement of normal bone by fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and mineralized tissue. The diagnosis based on microscopy alone is often impossible due to overlapping of histopathologic features. Adequate clinical and para clinical observations, such as patient’s age, sex, location of the lesion, duration of symptoms, imaging characteristics, and histologic findings are necessary to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.Certain cases present features that may be atypical and do not favor a definite diagnosis. Sound knowledge of various fi bro-osseous lesions of craniofacial structures is critical for proper interpretation and diagnosis of these lesions. Despite striking similarity in the clinical, radiographic and to some extent the histologic patterns, the biologic behavior varies; so each lesion may require a diff erent treatment approach. In this review, the most important and frequent features of the fi bro-osseous lesions of jaws along with diff erent classifications are discussed

Development of a novel HPTLC fingerprint method for simultaneous estimation of berberine and rutin in medicinal plants and their pharmaceutical preparations followed by its application in antioxidant assay

The present study was designed to develop and validate a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) system for the simultaneous quantitative determination of berberine and rutin in Tinospora cordifolia extract and their pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic development was done using a blend of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, glacial acetic acid and methanol (10:1.1:1.1:2.5, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection was completed densitometrically at 254 nm. The RF estimation of berberine and rutin was observed to be 0.67 ± 0.02 and 0.47 ± 0.02, respectively. The developed HPTLC method was validated according to ICH guidelines; the method was specific, linear and accurate and can be used to determine berberine and rutin in marketed herbal preparations. The Tinospora cordifolia plant extract was further evaluated for antioxidant activity using HPTLC, and berberine was found to be more active than rutin during DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity. The method was found simple, rapid, accurate, specific and robust for the analysis of berberine and rutin in crude drug using the same method

Coherent Electron Transport across a 3 nm Bioelectronic Junction Made of Multi-Heme Proteins

Multi-heme cytochromes (MHCs) are fascinating proteins used by bacterial organisms to shuttle electrons within, between, and out of their cells. When placed in solid-state electronic junctions, MHCs support temperature-independent currents over several nanometers that are 3 orders of magnitude higher compared to other redox proteins of similar size. To gain molecular-level insight into their astonishingly high conductivities, we combine experimental photoemission spectroscopy with DFT+Σ current–voltage calculations on a representative Gold-MHC-Gold junction. We find that conduction across the dry, 3 nm long protein occurs via off-resonant coherent tunneling, mediated by a large number of protein valence-band orbitals that are strongly delocalized over heme and protein residues. This picture is profoundly different from the electron hopping mechanism induced electrochemically or photochemically under aqueous conditions. Our results imply that the current output in solid-state junctions can be even further increased in resonance, for example, by applying a gate voltage, thus allowing a quantum jump for next-generation bionanoelectronic devices

Acquired Resistance to KRAS (G12C) Inhibition in Cancer

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials of the KRAS inhibitors adagrasib and sotorasib have shown promising activity in cancers harboring KRAS glycine-to-cysteine amino acid substitutions at codon 12 (KRAS(G12C)). The mechanisms of acquired resistance to these therapies are currently unknown. METHODS: Among patients with KRAS(G12C) -mutant cancers treated with adagrasib monotherapy, we performed genomic and histologic analyses that compared pretreatment samples with those obtained after the development of resistance. Cell-based experiments were conducted to study mutations that confer resistance to KRAS(G12C) inhibitors. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients were included in this study: 27 with non-small-cell lung cancer, 10 with colorectal cancer, and 1 with appendiceal cancer. Putative mechanisms of resistance to adagrasib were detected in 17 patients (45% of the cohort), of whom 7 (18% of the cohort) had multiple coincident mechanisms. Acquired KRAS alterations included G12D/R/V/W, G13D, Q61H, R68S, H95D/Q/R, Y96C, and high-level amplification of the KRAS(G12C) allele. Acquired bypass mechanisms of resistance included MET amplification; activating mutations in NRAS, BRAF, MAP2K1, and RET; oncogenic fusions involving ALK, RET, BRAF, RAF1, and FGFR3; and loss-of-function mutations in NF1 and PTEN. In two of nine patients with lung adenocarcinoma for whom paired tissue-biopsy samples were available, histologic transformation to squamous-cell carcinoma was observed without identification of any other resistance mechanisms. Using an in vitro deep mutational scanning screen, we systematically defined the landscape of KRAS mutations that confer resistance to KRAS(G12C) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Diverse genomic and histologic mechanisms impart resistance to covalent KRAS(G12C) inhibitors, and new therapeutic strategies are required to delay and overcome this drug resistance in patients with cancer. (Funded by Mirati Therapeutics and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03785249.)