3,141 research outputs found
Data encoding efficiency in pixel detector readout with charge information
The average minimum number of bits needed for lossless readout of a pixel
detector is calculated, in the regime of interest for particle physics where
only a small fraction of pixels have a non-zero value per frame. This permits a
systematic comparison of the readout efficiency of different encoding imple-
mentations. The calculation is compared to the number of bits used by the FE-I4
pixel readout chip of the ATLAS experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
A review of advances in pixel detectors for experiments with high rate and radiation
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments ATLAS and CMS have established
hybrid pixel detectors as the instrument of choice for particle tracking and
vertexing in high rate and radiation environments, as they operate close to the
LHC interaction points. With the High Luminosity-LHC upgrade now in sight, for
which the tracking detectors will be completely replaced, new generations of
pixel detectors are being devised. They have to address enormous challenges in
terms of data throughput and radiation levels, ionizing and non-ionizing, that
harm the sensing and readout parts of pixel detectors alike. Advances in
microelectronics and microprocessing technologies now enable large scale
detector designs with unprecedented performance in measurement precision (space
and time), radiation hard sensors and readout chips, hybridization techniques,
lightweight supports, and fully monolithic approaches to meet these challenges.
This paper reviews the world-wide effort on these developments.Comment: 84 pages with 46 figures. Review article.For submission to Rep. Prog.
Phy
DC to DC Power Conversion
We present results from a capacitor charge pump DC-DC converter prototype using 0.35um HV-CMOS technology fabricated in April 2006. The purpose of this prototype is to test the switch technology both for achievable efficiency and for radiation tolerance. The IC of this test device contains only switches, with all clocks being externally supplied and driven and the capacitors also external. The configuration used is a 4 capacitor stack producing a nominal x4 input current multiplication factor. The goal for this type of device is to be of low enough mass and high enough radiation tolerance to be placed on individual modules in the innermost layers of the Atlas collider detector. Irradiation results will be presented if available. A prototype test card for use with a silicon strip stave prototype is under development
Radiation hardness of small-pitch 3D pixel sensors up to HL-LHC fluences
A new generation of 3D silicon pixel detectors with a small pixel size of
5050 and 25100 m is being developed for the HL-LHC
tracker upgrades. The radiation hardness of such detectors was studied in beam
tests after irradiation to HL-LHC fluences up to
n/cm. At this fluence, an operation voltage of only 100 V
is needed to achieve 97% hit efficiency, with a power dissipation of 13
mW/cm at -25C, considerably lower than for previous 3D sensor
generations and planar sensors.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of TIPP 2017, Beijing (International
Conference on The Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2017
Novel Silicon n-in-p Pixel Sensors for the future ATLAS Upgrades
In view of the LHC upgrade phases towards HL-LHC the ATLAS experiment plans
to upgrade the Inner Detector with an all silicon system. The n-in-p silicon
technology is a promising candidate for the pixel upgrade thanks to its
radiation hardness and cost effectiveness, that allow for enlarging the area
instrumented with pixel detectors. We present the characterization and
performance of novel n-in-p planar pixel sensors produced by CiS (Germany)
connected by bump bonding to the ATLAS readout chip FE-I3. These results are
obtained before and after irradiation up to a fluence of 10^16 1-MeV n_eq/cm^2,
and prove the operability of this kind of sensors in the harsh radiation
environment foreseen for the pixel system at HL-LHC. We also present an
overview of the new pixel production, which is on-going at CiS for sensors
compatible with the new ATLAS readout chip FE-I4.Comment: Preprint submitted to NIM-A Proceedings (Elba 2012
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