Respecting Tribal Voices in the Development of a Gestational Diabetes risk reduction preconception counseling program for American Indian/Alaska Native adolescent females: a qualitative study

Background American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) are disproportionately affected by adolescent obesity, adolescent pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is associated with increased risk for perinatal death, obesity, and subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D) for the offspring. Moreover, mothers with GDM are also at increased risk for T2D post-partum. Yet few lifestyle interventions exist to reduce GDM risk prior to pregnancy. We describe the process of adapting an existing validated preconception counseling intervention for AI/AN adolescent girls at-risk for GDM and their mothers. Perspectives and recommendations were gathered from a diverse array of stakeholders to assure the new program called Stopping GDM was culturally responsive and developed with tribal voices and perspectives represented. Methods We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with multiple AI/AN stakeholders (n = 55). Focus groups and interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic content approach to construct cross-cutting themes across the focus groups and interviews. Results Four key themes emerged reflecting issues important to planning a reproductive health intervention: 1) Limited awareness, knowledge, and health education resources about GDM; 2) The importance of acknowledging traditional AI/AN values and the diversity of traditions and culture among AI/AN tribes; 3) The need to cultivate healthy decision-making skills and empower girls to make safe and healthy choices; and 4) Lack of communication about reproductive health between AI/AN mothers and daughters and between AI/AN women and health care professionals. Conclusion Findings have been used to inform the cultural tailoring and adaptation of an existing preconception counseling program, originally designed for non-AI/AN adolescent girls with diabetes, for AI/AN adolescents at-risk for GDM in future pregnancies

Capitulo 1. Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

En los últimos años se ha observado un incremento de las enfermedades no transmisibles dentro de ellas se destaca el cáncer por su alta incidencia e impacto en la mortalidad (WHO, 2018). En las enfermedades transmisibles, si bien hay una disminución, las micosis se han incrementado, agravando el panorama la resistencia a los antimicóticos (Pfaller, 2012). Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antifúngica y citotóxica in vitro de extractos etanólicos de Lantana camara L., Petiveria alliacea L. y Lippia dulcis T. Metodología: Se realiza un estudio experimental con tres componentes. Primero: evaluar las características fitoquímicas de los extractos etanólicos de Lantana camara l., Petiveria alliacea l. y Lippia dulcis t. mediante Cromatografía en Capa Delgada (CCD) y pruebas de coloración y precipitación (Sanabria, 1983). Segundo: evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de los extractos etanólicos frente a Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parasilopsis ATCC 22019 y Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 260 por técnica de difusión con disco (CSL 44-A), y la CMI mediante dilución de acuerdo con García y col 2003. Análisis de datos (ANOVA). Tercero: evaluación de actividad citotóxica de extractos etanólicos en líneas celulares de cáncer de seno MCF-7, y cáncer de cuello uterino SiHa, mediante la prueba de MTT (metil-tiazol-tetrazolio), según Mosmann (1983). Resultados: Las pruebas fitoquímicas realizadas confirmaron la presencia en abundancia de metabolitos tipo esteroides y/o terpenoides en las tres especies y tipo flavonoide incluyendo leucoantocianidinas en presencia moderada a abundante especialmente en P. alliacea y L. dulcis, mientras que en L. cámara se presentaron de forma escasa a moderada. Para La evaluación de actividad antifúngica se ha estandarizado mediante espectofotometría el inoculo de 1x10⁶ - 5x10⁶ UFC/mL (0,5 McFarland) a 550 nm (abs 0,125-0,128) respaldado por recuento en SDA + Cloranfenicol y se estableció el control positivo (Fluconazol 25μg) con prueba de difusión. Se evalúa DMSO como solvente y control negativo para continuar pruebas con extractos. En relación con evaluación de actividad citotóxica, las líneas celulares SiHa y MCF-7 se mantienen en medio DMEM 10% SFB y 1% de antibiótico. Se inició la evaluación de extracto etanólico de P. alliacea, en la línea celular SiHa, incluyendo Doxorrubicina como control de citotoxicidad al 0.14 μg/mL en forma preliminar para evaluar el porcentaje de viabilidad celular

Fe, recreación y turismo: el peregrino de Santa María de la Asunción Tepexoyuca, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el ethos social de los peregri - nos del pueblo de Santa María de la Asunción Tepexoyuca, particularmente en su recorrido anual al Santuario del Señor de Chalma, Estado de México, para comprender su sentido subjetivo y su conexión con la práctica turístico- recreativa. A partir de la fenomenología sociológica de Schütz y con base en el concepto del ethos de Lalive, se revisa el significado que tiene para aqué - llos formar parte de esta peregrinación. Metodológicamente, se llevó a cabo un proceso de investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas en profundidad que fueron examinadas con un modelo interpretativo de análisis de contenido. Los resultados permitieron distinguir dos tipos de ethos de los peregrinos que participan en este desplazamiento: uno tradicional, al que se le denominó in - flexible, y el otro innovador, al que se le llamó flexible; este último es el que presenta un comportamiento recreativo articulado al ritual

Glycerol as a precursor for hepatic de novo glutathione synthesis in human liver

Background: Glycerol is a substrate for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid esterification in the liver, processes which are upregulated in obesity and may contribute to excess fat accumulation. Glycine and glutamate, in addition to cysteine, are components of glutathione, the major antioxidant in the liver. In principle, glycerol could be incorporated into glutathione via the TCA cycle or 3-phosphoglycerate, but it is unknown whether glycerol contributes to hepatic de novo glutathione biosynthesis. Methods: Glycerol metabolism to hepatic metabolic products including glutathione was examined in the liver from adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery. Participants received oral [U–13C3]glycerol (50 mg/kg) prior to surgery and liver tissue (0.2–0.7g) was obtained during surgery. Glutathione, amino acids, and other water-soluble metabolites were extracted from the liver tissue and isotopomers were quantified with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Data were collected from 8 participants (2 male, 6 female; age 17.1 years [range 14–19]; BMI 47.4 kg/m2 [range 41.3–63.3]). The concentrations of free glutamate, cysteine, and glycine were similar among participants, and so were the fractions of 13C-labeled glutamate and glycine derived from [U–13C3]glycerol. The signals from all component amino acids of glutathione - glutamate, cysteine and glycine - were strong and analyzed to obtain the relative concentrations of the antioxidant in the liver. The signals from glutathione containing [13C2]glycine or [13C2]glutamate derived from the [U–13C3]glycerol drink were readily detected, and 13C-labelling patterns in the moieties were consistent with the patterns in corresponding free amino acids from the de novo glutathione synthesis pathway. The newly synthesized glutathione with [U–13C3]glycerol trended to be lower in obese adolescents with liver pathology. Conclusions: This is the first report of glycerol incorporation into glutathione through glycine or glutamate metabolism in human liver. This could represent a compensatory mechanism to increase glutathione in the setting of excess glycerol delivery to the liver

Respecting tribal voices in the development of a gestational diabetes risk reduction preconception counseling program for American Indian/Alaska Native adolescent females: a qualitative study

Abstract Background American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) are disproportionately affected by adolescent obesity, adolescent pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is associated with increased risk for perinatal death, obesity, and subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D) for the offspring. Moreover, mothers with GDM are also at increased risk for T2D post-partum. Yet few lifestyle interventions exist to reduce GDM risk prior to pregnancy. We describe the process of adapting an existing validated preconception counseling intervention for AI/AN adolescent girls at-risk for GDM and their mothers. Perspectives and recommendations were gathered from a diverse array of stakeholders to assure the new program called Stopping GDM was culturally responsive and developed with tribal voices and perspectives represented. Methods We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with multiple AI/AN stakeholders (n = 55). Focus groups and interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic content approach to construct cross-cutting themes across the focus groups and interviews. Results Four key themes emerged reflecting issues important to planning a reproductive health intervention: 1) Limited awareness, knowledge, and health education resources about GDM; 2) The importance of acknowledging traditional AI/AN values and the diversity of traditions and culture among AI/AN tribes; 3) The need to cultivate healthy decision-making skills and empower girls to make safe and healthy choices; and 4) Lack of communication about reproductive health between AI/AN mothers and daughters and between AI/AN women and health care professionals. Conclusion Findings have been used to inform the cultural tailoring and adaptation of an existing preconception counseling program, originally designed for non-AI/AN adolescent girls with diabetes, for AI/AN adolescents at-risk for GDM in future pregnancies

Acueducto del Padre Tembleque. Patrimonio de la Humanidad

Este libro reúne las investigaciones de un grupo de académicos de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, cuyo principal objetivo es poner en perspectiva la construcción de Tembleque desde diversas áreas del conocimiento. Las indagaciones del complejo hidráulico van desde el estudio arquitectónico, ecológico, ambiental, de biodiversidad, de ingeniería estructural e histórico, este último es fundamental para entender el contexto y la cultura en la cual se desarrolló, porque toda obra arquitectónica está íntimamente relacionada con su entorno. Los investigadores realizan una tarea extensa de las condiciones materiales del acueducto y las condiciones geográficas de la zona donde se encuentra y hacen énfasis en los acontecimientos históricos que sirven como punto de partida para su estudio. Este texto es producto de un esfuerzo colaborativo y multidisciplinario, encaminado a la exploración de las circunstancias que rodearon la edificación del Acueducto del Padre Tembleque