Perfil del visitante de naturaleza en Latinoamérica: prácticas, motivaciones e imaginarios. Estudio comparativo entre México y Ecuador

The article presents the results about the comparison between the visitor´s profile of Area de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca, México, and Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi, Cayapas, Ecuador, both natural protected áreas. The theoretical position is that the nature visitor´s behavior has an explanation not only from their motivations and environmental interest , but from their imaginary. The methodology used was quantitative through a survey at each site, considering the variables: socio-demographic, travel behavior, awareness and environmental practices, motivations and imaginary. As a result, it´s obtained four profiles for both cases: recreational , sports, contact with nature and family life. Although in both cases the recreational profile is dominant. In each profile, it is set interrelationship with nature, both in Mexico and Ecuador.El artículo expone los resultados de una investigación interinstitucional realizada sobre el comparativo entre el perfil de los visitantes que llegan al Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca, México y a la Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi Cayapas, Ecuador, ambas áreas naturales protegidas. Se toma como postura teórica que el comportamiento del visitante de naturaleza tiene una explicación no sólo a partir de sus motivaciones e interés ambiental, sino desde sus imaginarios. La metodología aplicada fue de carácter cuantitativo a través de una encuesta realizada en cada sitio, considerando las motivaciones, el comportamiento de viaje, las prácticas ambientales y los imaginarios. Mediante un cruce de variables se caracterizaron cuatro perfiles: el recreativo, el deportivo, el de convivencia y el de contacto, siendo el primero el dominante. En cada caso se identifica el modo de interrelación que se establece con la naturaleza

Reducción de color con cloruro de magnesio en soluciones con colorantes comerciales

Se experimentó con diferentes concentraciones de cloruro de magnesio (MgCl2) como coagulante para reducir el color en soluciones con colorantes comerciales: negro, azul y café. Los parámetros analizados fueron pH, color, demanda química de oxígeno ( dqo ) y sólidos suspendidos totales (sst) de acuerdo con las Normas Mexicanas. Como prueba complementaria se agregó carbón activado a las muestras para reducir el color residual después de la coagulación-floculación. La reducción de los valores de color y dqo fue mayor cuando se adicionó más cantidad de MgCl2 (1.8 g/L). Los porcentajes de reducción fueron 90% para el color y >50% para la dqo. Los sst aumentaron con la adición de MgCl2. El carbón activado eliminó el color residual

Reducción de color con cloruro de magnesio en soluciones con colorantes comerciales

Se experimentó con diferentes concentraciones de cloruro de magnesio (MgCl2) como coagulante para reducir el color en soluciones con colorantes comerciales: negro, azul y café. Los parámetros analizados fueron pH, color, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) y sólidos suspendidos totales (SST) de acuerdo con las Normas Mexicanas. Como prueba complementaria se agregó carbón activado a las muestras para reducir el color residual después de la coagulación-floculación. La reducción de los valores de color y dqo fue mayor cuando se adicionó más cantidad de MgCl2 (1.8 g/L). Los porcentajes de reducción fueron ≥90% para el color y >50% para la DQO. Los SST aumentaron con la adición de MgCl2. El carbón activado eliminó el color residual. (The aim of this study was to experiment with different concentrations of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as a coagulant to reduce the color in commercial dye solutions: black, blue and brown. The parameters analyzed according to the Mexican Standards were pH, color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Additionally, an activated carbon was added to the samples to reduce residual color after the coagulation-flocculation test. The reduction of color and cod values was greater when more amount of MgCl2 (1.8 g/L) was added. The reduction percentages were ≥90% in the color and >50% for COD. The TSS increased with the addition of MgCl2. Activated carbon removed residual color).Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Propuesta de mejora en las áreas de producción y logística para reducir los costos operativos de una empresa de calzado de la ciudad de Trujillo

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar en qué medida la propuesta de mejora en el área de producción y logística reduce los costos operativos de una empresa de calzado de la ciudad de Trujillo. En primer lugar, se encuentran la realidad problemática del sector calzado, seguido de antecedentes, bases teóricas, formulación del problema de investigación y los objetivos. Posteriormente, se realizó un diagnóstico actual de la empresa el cual permitió identificar cuáles son los problemas más críticos que presentan ambas áreas, así como un costeo de pérdidas de estas. Las metodologías y herramientas que se emplearon para el desarrollo de la propuesta de mejora fueron las siguientes: Sistema de Planificación de Requerimientos de Materiales (MRP), Sistema de Rotación ABC y Kárdex las cuales disminuyeron los costos operativos en un 25%. Finalmente, se hizo la elaboración de la evaluación económica financiera donde se obtuvo un VAN de S/. 40, 846.46, un TIR de 70.8%, un PRI de 3.2 años y un B/C de S/. 1.1, lo que concluye que la propuesta de mejora es factible para la empresa Grupo Calzamil E.I.R.L.The general objective of this research work is to determine to what extent the improvement proposal in the production and logistics area reduces the operating costs of a footwear company in the city of Trujillo. In the first place, the problematic reality of the footwear sector is found, followed by antecedents, theoretical bases, formulation of the research problem and objectives. Subsequently, a current diagnosis of the company was carried out, which allowed identifying which are the most critical problems that both areas present, as well as a cost estimate of their losses. The methodologies and tools used for the development of the improvement proposal were the following: Material Requirements Planning System (MRP), ABC Rotation System and Transcript, which reduced operating costs by 25%. Finally, the economic and financial evaluation was prepared, where a NPV of S /. 40, 846.46, an IRR of 70.8%, a PRI of 3.2 years and a B / C of S /. 1.1, which concludes that the improvement proposal is feasible for the company Grupo Calzamil E.I.R.L

Desarrollo de una herramienta para la evaluación de los examen tipo test y sus aplicaciones en la mejora de la calidad y en los criterios de evaluación de estos exámenes

Depto. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y FisioterapiaFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

Presbyvestibulopathy, Comorbidities, and Perception of Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the perception of disability in patients with presbyvestibulopathy and to determine the factors (demographic, balance test scores, and comorbidities) that determine higher levels of disability. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary university hospital. There were 103 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for presbyvestibulopathy and were included. Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score was the main variable used to quantify disability. Influence on DHI score, sex, age, time of evolution, equilibriometric parameters (posturographic scores and timed up and go test), history of falls, comorbidities (high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia), psychotropic drug use, tobacco or alcohol use, living environment (urban or rural), and active lifestyle were analyzed. Results: Most of the DHI scores showed a moderate (46 patients, 44.7%) or severe (39 participants, 37.9%) handicap. DHI scores were higher in women (59.8 vs. 36.1, p < 0.001), patients with obesity (58.92 vs. 48.68; p = 0.019), benzodiazepine (59.9 vs. 49.1, p = 0.008) or other psychotropic drug (60.7 vs. 49.2, p = 0.017) users, and fallers (57.1 vs. 47.3, p = 0.048). There was also a significant positive correlation between DHI score, time (Rho coefficient: 0.371, p < 0.001), and steps (Rho coefficient: 0.284, p = 0.004) used in the TUG and with the short FES-I questionnaire (a shortened version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International) score (Rho coefficient: 0.695, p < 0.001). DHI scores were lower in alcohol consumers than in non-drinkers (46.6 vs. 56, p = 0.048). No significant correlation was found between DHI scores and age, time of evolution, posturographic scores, comorbidities, environment (rural or urban), or active lifestyle. Conclusion: Most patients with presbyvestibulopathy show an important subjective perception of disability in relation to their symptoms. This perception is substantially higher in women than in men. The most influential factors are difficulties in walking, fear of falling, and obesity. Unique Identifier: NCT03034655, www.clinicaltrials.gov

Modified Timed Up and Go Test for Tendency to Fall and Balance Assessment in Elderly Patients With Gait Instability

Objective: To compare the results from the modified Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) with posturographic variables, the subjective perception of disability due to gait instability, and the number of falls in a sample of the elderly population with imbalance, to confirm that the TUG Test is a useful clinical instrument to assess the tendency to fall in individuals of this age group. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary university hospital, in 174 people aged 65 years or older with gait instability. Modified TUG Test was performed; time, step count and the need for support during the test were the analyzed variables. They were compared with the number of falls, Computerized Dynamic Posturography scores, and questionnaires scores (Dizziness Handicap Inventory and a shortened version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International). Results: The average time to complete the TUG Test was 21.24 +/- 8.18 s, and the average step count was 27.36 +/- 7.93. One hundred two patients (58.6%) required no support to complete the test, whereas the other 72 (41.4%) used supports. The time taken to complete the Test was significantly related with having or not having fallen in the previous year, with the scores of the questionnaires, and with various parameters of dynamic posturography. A higher percentage of patients who took more than 15 s had fallen in the previous year than those who took up to 15 s to complete the test [P = 0.012; OR = 2.378; 95% CI (1.183, 4.780)]. No significant correlation was found between the step count and the number of falls in the previous year, with falling during the test or not, or with being a single or a frequent faller. No relation was found between the need for supports and the number of falls, with having or not having fallen in the previous year, or with being a single or frequent faller. Conclusion: The modified TUG Test is in relation with the presence or absence of falls. Time is the essential parameter for analyzing the risk of falling and the 15-s threshold is a good value to differentiate elderly patients at high risk of falling. Unique Identifier: NCT03034655, www.clinicaltrials.gov

Emotional states experoenced by psychology students during academic contingency due to COVID-19: the case of 7 CUMex universities.

El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los estados emocionales experimentados por estudiantes de psicología durante las clases a distancia en periodo de contingencia (COVID-19), con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de mejores estrategias de acompañamiento. Se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar estados emocionales en 1996 estudiantes adscritos a siete universidades de CUMEX. Los resultados muestran una alta frecuencia en cinco emociones básicas (ira, tristeza, miedo, alegría y sorpresa) y en tres emociones de segundo orden (ansiedad, desesperación y estrés); los aspectos cognitivos de mayor frecuencia fueron: pereza, desinterés e incertidumbre. En los aspectos físicos destacaron taquicardias, sofocación e hiperventilación; en el campo interpersonal las condiciones de mayor incidencia fueron: problemas de pareja, de comunicación y duelo por pérdidas familiares. Se concluyó que quedarse en casa con clases a distancia, implicó un cambio importante, por lo que es necesario brindarles un acompañamiento que les permita afrontar los estados emocionales presentados

Influence of laser texturing on the wettability of PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a synthetic fluoropolymer showing excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties and a low coefficient of friction. Due to its large stability, and hydrophobic nature, the wettability of PTFE surfaces can be reduced to transform them into superhydrophobic. In this regard, laser texturing is a fast, simple and versatile method to produce superhydrophobic PTFE surfaces in one-step, and over large areas. In this work, we used a CO2 laser to modify the surface of PTFE samples. We studied the effect of the processing parameters (laser power or irradiance, scanning speed, and spacing -overlapping- between scan lines) on the wettability of textured surfaces using water, mineral oil and ethanol/water solutions as test fluids. Laser-treated surfaces showed a hierarchical micro- and nanotopography with a cotton-like appearance. The higher roughness and large quantity of air pockets make these laser-treated surfaces superhydrophobic, and highly oleophobic. Furthermore, they remain unaltered after being in contact with strong alkali and acid solutions or after slight friction. The self-cleaning performance of these surfaces was also demonstrated. The present findings suggest that CO2 laser texturing of PTFE is suitable for the large-scale preparation of surfaces with low-wettability to different liquids.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-095490-J-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2019/23Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D 2017/010Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B 2016/047-0Xunta de Galicia | Ref. POS-A/2013/16