Managing Uncertain Complex Events in Web of Things Applications

A critical issue in the Web of Things (WoT) is the need to process and analyze the interactions of Web-interconnected real-world objects. Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a powerful technology for analyzing streams of information about real-time distributed events, coming from different sources, and for extracting conclusions from them. However, in many situations these events are not free from uncertainty, due to either unreliable data sources and networks, measurement uncertainty, or to the inability to determine whether an event has actually happened or not. This short research paper discusses how CEP systems can incorporate different kinds of uncertainty, both in the events and in the rules. A case study is used to validate the proposal, and we discuss the benefits and limitations of this CEP extension.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Response time of a normal-superconductor hybrid system under the step-like pulse bias

The response of a quantum dot coupled with one normal lead and a superconductor lead driven by a step-like pulse bias $V_L$ is studied using the non-equilibrium Green function method. In the linear pulse bias regime, the responses of the upwards and downwards bias are symmetric. In this regime the turn-on time and turn-off time are much slower than that of the normal system due to the Andreev reflection. On the other hand, for the large pulse bias $V_L$, the instantaneous current exhibits oscillatory behaviors with the frequency $\hbar\Omega =qV_L$. The turn on/off times are in (or shorter than) the scale of $1/V_L$, so they are faster for the larger bias $V_L$. In addition, the responses for the upwards and downwards bias are asymmetric at large $V_L$. The turn-on time is larger than the turn-off time but the relaxation time \cite{note1} depends only on the coupling strength $\Gamma$ and it is much smaller than the turn-on/off times for the large bias $V_L$.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Transmissão de luz em sistemas silvipastoris com eucalipto.

Conduziu-se um estudo preliminar para determinar os níveis de transmissão de luz em dois sistemas silvipastoris com eucalipto, de diferentes idades (2,5 e 5,5 anos), plantados no espaçamento de 10 x 4 m com as fileiras no sentido leste-oeste, objetivando conhecer melhor a evolução do sistema em termos de disponibilidade de luz para o sub-bosque. As avaliações foram realizadas em maio de 1999, em dias com céu claro, entre 11 e 13 horas. As determinações da densidade do fluxo de fótons (Dff) foram realizadas ao longo de dez transeções, transversais às fileiras de eucalipto. Determinou-se também a DFF a pleno sol. A variação espacial da transmissão de luz ao sub-bosque diferiu entre os sistemas, porém os valores médios de transmissão de luz foram idênticos (32% de pleno sol). Esse valor subestima a transmissão de luz aos sub-bosques dos sitemas silvipastoris estudados durante o verão, quando a altitude solar no local é maior. Nesta época, é provável que os valores estivessem superiores a 50%, nos dois sistemas

Resonance expansions in quantum mechanics

The goal of this contribution is to discuss various resonance expansions that have been proposed in the literature.Comment: 10 pages and 1 figure; presented at the Istanbul workshop on pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian

Grazing management strategies for massaigrass-forage peanut pastures. 1. Dynamics of sward conditions and botanical composition.

This study was carried out from October 2002 to December 2003 to evaluate the dynamics of sward condition and botanical composition of a mixed massaigrass (Panicum maximum x P. infestum, cv. Massai) and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Ac 01) pasture, intermittently stocked at three daily herbage allowance levels (9.0, 14.5 and 18.4% live weight). Sward condition was characterized in each grazing cycle in terms of the pre- and post-grazing sward height, forage mass and percentage of bare ground. Botanical composition (grass, legume and weeds) was evaluated before each grazing period. Sward height and forage mass increased linearly with increasing herbage allowance (HA) levels, and higher values were observed during the rainy season. Percentage of bare ground increased primarily at the lowest HA level. Percentage of forage peanut increased throughout the experimental period, primarily in the barest and shortest swards, under the lowest HA level. In the last quarter of 2003 the legume constituted 23.5, 10.6 and 6.4% of the pasture forage mass, respectively, from the lowest to the highest HA level. These results suggest that forage peanut can be successfully associated with massaigrass, as long as the pre-grazing sward height is maintained shorter than 65-70 cm, which will prevent excessive shading to the legume

Grazing management strategies for massaigrass-forage peanut pastures. 2. Productivity, utilization and sward structure.

This study was carried out to evaluate the productivity, utilization and sward structure of a mixed massaigrass (Panicum maximum x P. infestum, cv. Massai) and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Ac 01) pasture, intermittently stocked at three daily herbage allowance levels (9.0, 14.5 and 18.4% of live weight). In each grazing cycle, dry matter (DM) accumulation rates, defoliation intensity (%), grazing depth (%) and grazed horizon (cm) were evaluated. The structure of massaigrass tussocks was characterized in both dry and rainy seasons by measuring its pre-grazing morphological composition and postgrazing height and density (tussocks/m). Pastures submitted to higher herbage allowance (HA) levels showed higher productivity, but were less efficiently utilized. On average, over the experimental period, DM accumulation rates increased linearly from 56.8 to 81.3 kg/ha/day as HA levels increased from 9.0 to 18.4% of live weight. However, defoliation intensity and grazing depth declined linearly with increasing HA levels. During the dry season, pre-grazing morphological composition of massaigrass was characterized by 41% of green leaf blades, 10% of pseudostems and 49% of dead material, irrespective of HA levels. In the rainy season, however, it showed higher percentage of green leaf blades and lower percentage of pseudostems when submitted to lower HA levels, although there were not differences in relation to percentage of dead material. The structure of massaigrass tussocks tended to deteriorate at high HA levels

Grazing management strategies for massaigrass-forage peanut pastures. 3. Definition of sward targets and carrying capacity.

This study was carried out to define sward management targets for mixed Massaigrass (Panicum maximum x P. infestum, cv. Massai) and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Ac 01) pastures in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Seasonal variation in the pasture carrying capacity was also analyzed. Pastures were intermittently stocked at three daily herbage allowance levels (9.0, 14.5 and 18.4% of live weight) from October 2002 to December 2003. Sward targets were defined in terms of the sward condition that best conciliated the grass-legume balance, the maintenance of the structure of Massaigrass tussocks and the equilibrium between forage production and utilization. For the Western Brazilian Amazon conditions, the following sward management targets can be recommended for mixed Massaigrass and forage peanut pastures under intermittent stocking: pregrazing height ranging from 50-55 cm (June to September) to 65-70 cm (October to May), and post-grazing height from 30- 35 cm (June to September) to 35-40 cm (October to May). Annual carrying capacity of this mixed pasture in 2003 was 2.7 AU/ha. The average carrying capacity during the dry season (1.8 AU/ha) was 50% lower than that observed during the rainy season (3.6 AU/ha)

Response of \u3cem\u3eArachis pintoi\u3c/em\u3e to Grazing Intensity When Associated with Different Grasses

Lack of legume persistence is one of the main reasons for poor utilisation of grass-legume pastures in the tropics. Arachis pintoi (forage peanut) is currently the most promising forage legume for the humid tropics, mainly because of good persistence under grazing (Grof, 1985; Fisher & Cruz, 1995). The objective of this work was to show how two accessions of A. pintoi react to increasing herbage allowance levels when associated with two different grasses