Temperature Rises in the Pulp Chamber with Different Techniques of Orthodontic Adhesive Removal

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the temperature rises in the pulp chamber and time spent with different techniques for orthodontic resin adhesive removal. Methods and Materials: Adhesive removal was performed in 20 extracted human maxillary second premolars with five techniques: high-speed tungsten carbide burs with water-cooling (BurH-cool) and without cooling (BurH), low-speed carbide burs (BurL), low-speed aluminum-oxide discs (DiscL), and low-speed fiberglass burs (BurFGL). Pulp chamber temperature was measured with a thermocouple probe and time spent was recorded with a digital stopwatch. Comparisons of temperature rise and time between the techniques were performed with Analysis of variance and Tukey’s Honestly test. Correlation between variables was investigated with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Temperature rise and time were statistically different between techniques and showed a positive correlation between them (r=0.826) (P<0.01). BurH-cool provoked the lowest temperature rise and BurFGL the highest (P<0.01). Temperature rises were higher with DiscL than with BurH and BurL (P<0.01), which showed no statistical differences between them (P>0.05). The fastest technique was BurH-cool followed by BurL, BurH, DiscL and BurFGL (P<0.01). Conclusion: BurH-cool, BurH and BurL are safe adhesive removal techniques, whereas DiscL and BurFGL may damage pulp tissues. Time spent on adhesive removal has direct effect on temperature rise in the pulp chamber.Keywords: Enamel Clean-Up; Pulp Chamber; Pulp Temperature; Temperature Ris

Efeitos citot?xicos e genot?xicos das ligas de solda de prata em ortodontia : revis?o sistem?tica

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS ([email protected]) on 2015-09-04T19:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474609 - Texto Completo.pdf: 859580 bytes, checksum: cb3a065e3f91d18ed57ee2c9c80a2a6f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-04T19:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474609 - Texto Completo.pdf: 859580 bytes, checksum: cb3a065e3f91d18ed57ee2c9c80a2a6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-17Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPESA systematic review was performed on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver solder alloys in orthodontics. The search was conducted through medical databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The search of gray literature included the annals of the meetings of the Brazilian Society for Dental Research (SBPqO) and of the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO). The articles found were submitted to selection criteria and eligibility by two independent blind researchers. Afterwards, a manual search was conducted on articles?s references and study data were extracted by standardized forms. Sixty-four out of 76 articles were excluded because they did not reach the eligibility criteria. The remaining 12 articles and 3 other raised from manual search were included in this study. Two articles found on gray literature were repeated, though excluded. The level of agreement between researchers was adequate in the selection criteria (kappa = 0.916) and very precise for the eligibility (kappa = 1). As a conclusion of the systematic review, the silver solder alloy may cause cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects when applied on orthodontic treatment.Foi realizada uma revis?o sistem?tica dos efeitos citot?xicos e genot?xicos das ligas de solda de prata em Ortodontia. Para tanto, foi efetuada uma busca sistem?tica nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science e Biblioteca Cochrane. Foi pesquisado na literatura cinza os anais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontol?gica (SBPqO) e os encontros anuais da American Association of Orthodontists (AAO). Os artigos encontrados foram submetidos a um crit?rio de sele??o e elegibilidade por dois pesquisadores de maneira cega e independente. Ap?s a sele??o dos estudos, uma busca manual foi realizada nas refer?ncias destes e foram extra?dos os dados dos estudos atrav?s de fichas padronizadas. Foram encontrados no total 76 artigos. Destes, 64 foram exclu?dos, pois n?o preencheram os crit?rios de elegibilidade. Os 12 estudos remanescentes foram selecionados para o presente trabalho. Al?m disso, outros tr?s artigos foram inclu?dos atrav?s da busca manual. Dois artigos encontrados na literatura cinza foram exclu?dos, pois eram repetidos. O n?vel de concord?ncia entre os pesquisadores na sele??o dos estudos foi considerado adequado (kappa=0,916) e para a elegibilidade dos estudos foi muito preciso (kappa=1). Ap?s avalia??o dos dados extra?dos concluiu-se que ligas de solda de prata podem provocar efeitos citot?xicos, genot?xicos e mutag?nicos

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field