Nonsingular FRW cosmology and nonlinear electrodynamics

The possibility to avoid the cosmic initial singularity as a consequence of nonlinear effects on the Maxwell eletromagnetic theory is discussed. For a flat FRW geometry we derive the general nonsingular solution supported by a magnetic field plus a cosmic fluid and a nonvanishing vacuum energy density. The nonsingular behavior of solutions with a time-dependent $\Lambda(t)$-term are also examined. As a general result, it is found that the functional dependence of $\Lambda(t)$ can uniquely be determined only if the magnetic field remains constant. All these models are examples of bouncing universes which may exhibit an inflationary dynamics driven by the nonlinear corrections of the magnetic field.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

Erratum for the Report “A precise measurement of the magnetic field in the corona of the black hole binary V404 Cygni”

In the Report “A precise measurement of the magnetic field in the corona of the black hole binary V404 Cygni,” a calculation error led to values of the magnetic field that were about 14 times too high. The mathematical expressions given in the Report were correct, but the code used to calculate the numerical values included an extraneous factor, which led to incorrect results. The magnetic fields calculated from the observations at different wavelengths were all scaled by the same factor, so after this is removed they remain consistent with each other. The corrected value of the magnetic field is lower than previously calculated, making the field in V404 Cygni even more unlike those estimated for other systems. However, the lower magnetic field is no longer consistent with the value predicted from the equipartition model. The text, materials and methods, Table S1, and Figure S3 have been updated to reflect the corrected magnetic field values and to state that the system was not in equipartition. No other results or conclusions of the study were affected. The authors thank J. Malzac (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse) for alerting them to this error

Avaliação de genótipos de Leucaena spp. nas condições edafoclimáticas de São Carlos,SP: II. determinações bromatológicas no período de estabelecimento Evaluation of Leucaena spp. genotypes in the edaphic and climatic conditions of São Carlos, SP: II. bromatological determinations at the establishment period

Em experimento conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, em área da EMBRAPA - CPPSE em São Carlos, situada a 22&deg;01'S e 47&deg;53'W, com altitude de 856 m e média de precipitação anual de 1502 mm, procedeu-se a determinação da composição bromatológicade folhas, hastes com diâmetro menor que 6 mm e vagens, de genótipos de leucena. Os genótipos avaliados, foram: L.leucocephala cv. Texas 1074 (TI), L.leucocephala 29 A9 (T2), L.leucocephala 11 x L.dlversifolia 25 (T3), L.leucocephala 11 x L.diversifolia 26 (T4), L.leucocephala 24-19/2-39 x L.diverstfolia 26 (T5) e L.leucocephala c v. Cunningham (testemunha). Verificou-se que: os genótipos avahados não apresentaram diferenças nas determinações bromatológicas, realizadas nas folhas e talos finos; o genótipo T3 registrou o maior teor de proteína bruta (28,06%), de fósforo (0,29%) e a maior relação PB/FDN e o menor teor de FDN para vagens; os genótipos apresentaram os seguintes teores médios, em porcentagem, para a composição bromatológicadas folhas, vagens e talos finos, respectivamente: Proteína bruta (18,57; 21,68; 6,41); Fibra detergente neutro (29,09; 41,58; 71,01); Fósforo (0,12; 0,22; 0,06); Cálcio (1,39; 0,36; 0,49); Magnesio (0,51; 0,28; 0,24); Tanino (1,32; 1,15; 0,28) e Digestibilidade "in vitro" (58,39; 61,22; 33,61); os teores de proteína e fósforo apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente nas partes das plantas: vagens > folhas > talos finos; os teores de cálcio: folhas > talos finos > vagens e de magnésio: folhas > vagens > talos finos.<br>In a trial conducted on a distrofic Red-Yellow Latossol, at EMBRAPA-CPPSE, São Carlos, located at 22&deg;01'S and 47'53'W, altitude of 856 m and with a mean annual rainfall of 1502 mm, the bromatological composition of leaves, stems smaller than 6 mm diameter and pods of leucena genotypes was determined. The genotypes evaluated were: L.leucocephala cv. Texas 1074 (T1), L.leucocephala 29 A9 (T2), L.leucocephala 11 x L.dlversifolia 25 (T3), L.leucocephala 11 x L.diverstfolia 26 (T4), L.leucocephala 24-19/2-39 x L.diversifolia 26 (T5) and L.leucocephala cv. Cunningham (control). It was found that: - The evaluated genotypes did not show differences among themselves for bromatological determinations on leaves and fine stems; - T3 genotype had the greatest content of crude protein (28.06%), phosphorus (0.29%), the greatest PB/FDN relation, and the smaller FDN content of pods; - The genotypes presented the following average percentual contents of the bromatological composition of leaves, pods and stems smaller than 6 mm diameter, respectively: Crude Protein (18.57; 21.68; 6.41); Neutral detergent fiber (29.09; 41.58; 71.01); Phosphorus (0.12; 0.22; 0.06); Calcium (1.39; 0.36; 0.49); Magnesium (0.51; 0.28; 0.24); Tannin (1.32; 1.15; 0.28) and "in vitro" digestibility (58J9; 61.22; 33.61); - Protein and phosphorus contents presented the following decreasing order in plant parts: pods > leaves > stems smaller than 6 mm diameter; calcium contents: leaves > stems smaller than 6 mm diameter > pods; and the magnesium: leaves > pods > stems smaller than 6 mm diameter