Aircrew Ionizing Doses from Nuclear Weapon Bursts

Total radioactive doses to aircrew members have been calculated in the past using different methods. The methodologies include smearing models, disk-tosser codes, and puff models. This study uses output data from the Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) code as input into a FORTRAN program written by the author to calculate total dose to aircrew members through sky-shine and cabin ingestion. A description of the input parameters and new project setup in the Nuclear Weapon (NWPN) module within HPAC is given. The various aspects of controlling the project and plotting the data are also described. This information is presented essentially as a user\u27s guide to NWPN that is focused toward the baseline case of this study. The basic theory behind nuclear bursts including discussion about particle distribution is given. The particle distributions that are used in HPAC are plotted using different lognormal parameters in order to find a best fit for the data. This information is included in order to better understand the science behind HPAC\u27s particle size distributions. Theory of sky-shine and cabin ingestion dose is presented and a methodology to calculate total dose to aircrew members based on HPAC output data is given. The approach taken in this study is to use FORTRAN, oriented toward operational use, to extract this total dose for various altitudes, times after burst, and for different mission durations

Boundary value problems on fractal hypersurfaces for the quaternionic hermitian system in R-4n

In this paper we formulate and study Dirichlet and jump problems on fractal hypersurfaces in R4n for quaternionic Hermitian monogenic functions, using a circulant matrix approach. To this end we introduce the matrix Cauchy and Hilbert transforms on the fractal boundary of a bounded domain and prove a matricial Cauchy formula

Star Cluster Formation and Survival in the First Galaxies

Using radiation-hydrodynamic cosmological simulations, we present a detailed ($0.1$ pc resolution), physically motivated portrait of a typical-mass dwarf galaxy before the epoch of reionization, resolving the formation and evolution of star clusters into individual $10\:\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ star particles. In the rest-frame UV, the galaxy has an irregular morphology with no bulge or galactic disk, dominated by light emitted from numerous, compact, and gravitationally-bound star clusters. This is especially interesting in light of recent HST and JWST observations that -- aided by the magnifying power of gravitational lenses -- have imaged, at parsec-scale resolution, individual young star clusters in the process of forming in similar galaxies at $z>6$. Because of their low metallicities and high temperatures, star-forming gas clouds in this galaxy have densities $\sim 100$ times higher than typical giant molecular clouds; hence, their star formation efficiencies are high enough ($f_*\sim10-70$ per cent) to produce a sizeable population of potential globular cluster progenitors but typically smaller (between a few $100\:-\: 2\times10^4\:\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, sizes of $0.1-3$ pc) and of lower metallicities ($10^{-3.5}-10^{-2.5}\:\mathrm{Z_{\odot}}$). The initial mass function of the star-forming clouds is log-normal while the bound star cluster mass function is a power-law with a slope that depends mainly on $f_*$ but also on the temporal proximity to a major starburst. We find slopes between $-0.5$ and $-2.5$ depending on the assumed sub-grid $f_*$. Star formation is self-regulated on galactic scales; however, the multi-modal metallicity distribution of the star clusters and the fraction of stars locked into surviving bound star clusters depends on $f_*$.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, submitted to MNRAS. See https://fred144.github.io/research.html for movie render

DataXploreFines: Generalized Data for Informed Decision, Making, An Interactive Shiny Application for Data Analysis and Visualization

This article presents DataXploreFines, an innovative Shiny application that revolutionizes data exploration, analysis, and visualization. The application offers functionalities for data loading, management, summarization, basic graphs, advanced analysis, and contact. Users can upload their datasets in popular formats like CSV or Excel, explore the data structure, perform manipulations, and obtain statistical summaries. DataXploreFines provides a wide range of interactive visualizations, including histograms, scatter plots, bar charts, and line graphs, enabling users to identify patterns and trends. Additionally, the application offers statistical tools such as time series analysis using ARIMA and SARIMA models, forecasting, and Ljung-Box statistic. Its user-friendly interface empowers individuals from various domains, including beginners in statistics, to make informed decisions

HGCAL Electromagnetic Calorimeter Performance

The High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is an important component of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade for the CMS experiment. With electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) sections, these calorimeters are designed to withstand and operate in high radiation environments. We primarily studied the CE-E region at the TeV and GeV regimes. Motivations for this research include identifying software inconsistencies and calibration issues, as well as overall design limitations; it supplements efforts in shower leakage correction for the detector as a whole by investigating electron energy reconstruction. Using electron and positron particle gun simulations, generated with CMSSW (CMS Offline Software), our study tries to answer questions related to detector performance at specific regions of the HGCAL, focusing on pseudorapidity (η) ranges of 1.5 to 1.6 and 2.9 to 3.0 at two different energy values. We quantified the η dependence of electrons and found that not only are electron reconstruction energy resolutions energy dependent, they are also η dependent. We assert that this is an underlying detector geometry issue that may be addressed by future updates to HGCAL detector geometry, as well as more advanced reconstruction techniques. Hence, our next step will include conducting the same study with a sample simulated with updated detector geometries

Radiopharmacokinetics and uptake of 99m Tc-cRGD in av B3 integrins for imaging angiogenesis in induced malignant tumors in athymic mice

The multistep process of angiogenesis offers several targets for therapeutic interventions. One molecular target structure is the alfa five beta three (av b3 ) integrin which is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and over-expressed in cancer tumor angiogenesis. To image neoangiogenesis in athymic mice with induced pancreatic, breast and prostate malignant tumors a new radiopharmaceutical was developed. The 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-cyclic-Arg-Gly- Asp-D-Phe-Lys (99mTc-cRGD) targets integrin receptors av b3 and was prepared with an average radiochemical purity > 95 %. 99mTc-cRGD shows high in vivo stability, fast blood clearance and rapid renal excretion in mice. There are statistical differences between tumor/muscle ratios for the 3 tumors studied. The highest tumor/non-target ratio was found in breast cancer (7.2 after 24 h) and a representative dorsal SPECT image was obtained where the tumor showed up very clearly over the background tissue. The high resolution of the image implies that 99mTc-cRGD will be of great value in nuclear medicine as a potential radiopharmaceutical for av b3 integrins receptor uptake and for imaging neoangiogenesis in neoplastic tissue and to follow up cancer tumor progression

An Investigation of Longwall Gob Gas Behavior and Control Methods

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has initiated the use of a tracer gas in field studies to characterize geologic and mining factors influencing the migration of longwall gob gas. Three studies have been conducted using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at a coal mine in the Northern Appalachian Basin operating in the Pittsburgh Coalbed. Eight underground tracer gas releases and one gob gas venthole release are summarized. The results indicate that the gas flow in the bleeder network and in the interior regions of longwall panel gobs do not strongly interact and that the negative pressure provided by gob gas venthole exhausters is very significant in maintaining this behavior. The data also show that ventilation practices employed in a large multi-panel gob area are functioning in accordance with the intent of the engineering design, a fact which would be difficult to evaluate using conventional mine ventilation measurement methods

Consumo de alcohol y tabaco en escolares y adolescentes de tunja, colombia, 2009

Objetivo Caracterizar, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol y los factores psicosociales de riesgo y de protección para el consumo en estudiantes de Secundaria/Media Académica o Técnica de Tunja durante el año 2009. Métodos Estudio de prevalencia. Se evaluaron la prevalencia y factores determinantes del consumo en una muestra de 1 515 escolares de entre 13 y 18 años de edad matriculados en los grados 8° a 11°. Resultados Media de edad 15,2 años (SD=1,42); 50,2 % mujeres; prevalencia de vida: bebidas alcohólicas 73,47%, embriaguez 51,68 %, cigarrillos 50,56 %. Principales determinantes del consumo: familia disfuncional, presión e influencia de pares y grupo, dificultades académicas, conflictos con padres o tutores. Edad media de inicio: período transicional entre los 12 y los 13 años. Se reporta casi absoluta libertad para acceder a las bebidas alcohólicas y a los cigarrillos. Conclusiones Se encuentra que la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol y tabaco es bastante alta en este grupo de edad, además que los determinantes asociados son factores susceptibles de intervenciones educativas que deben considerarse prioritarias, en particular las que tienen que ver con el ambiente familiar y el grupo de pares, dada la enorme influencia que los compañeros y miembros de colectivos deportivos o recreacionales pueden tener sobre los adolescentes de este grupo de edad

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población minera de Boyacá

Objetivo Evaluar la percepción de calidad de vida en habitantes de zonas mineras de explotación de carbón mineral y zonas agrícolasMateriales y Métodos Estudio de corte trasversal descriptivo en 228 individuos habitantes de municipios de explotación de carbón (n=151) y de municipios con actividades agrícolas (n=78). Quienes respondieron encuesta SF36 y test socio demográfico.Resultados Se encontró que la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud es menor en los habitantes del área de explotación del carbón frente a los habitantes de zona agrícola solo con diferencia estadística en la percepción general de la escala y sin diferencia pro cada una de las escalas.Discusión La contaminación generada en zonas de explotación minera de carbón repercute en la salud de las personas y su percepción de calidad de vida, la evidencia es débil al no demostrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas por área en cada subescala y solo se demostró en percepción general.Objective To evaluate the perception of quality of life in inhabitants of mineral mining areas of mineral coal and agricultural areas.Materials and Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study of 229 individuals living in coal mining municipalities (n=151) and municipalities with agricultural activities (n=78). Those who answered SF36 survey and socio-demographic test.Results It was found that the perception of the health-related quality of life is lower in the inhabitants of the area of coal exploitation compared to the inhabitants of agricultural zone only with statistical difference in the general perception of the scale and with no  difference pro each one of the scales.Discussion Pollution generated in coal mining areas has an impact on the health of people and their perception of quality of life. The evidence is weak in showing no statistically significant differences by area in each subscale and was only demonstrated in general perception