Philibaetis Gen. Nov., A New Genus from the Philippines (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)

Investigations of type material and new material from the Philippines (Luzon) revealed that Baetis luzonensis Müller-Liebenau, 1982 and B. realonae Müller-Liebenau, 1982 do not belong to Baetis Leach, 1815. A new genus, Philibaetis gen. nov., is described to accommodate both species and both are re-described based on larvae. The new genus is characterised by having a rectangular labrum with a submarginal row of long, simple setae on the dorsal surface and ventrally on lateral margins long, simple, spine-like setae, on anterolateral margins long, feathered setae and medially long, bifid setae and a partial, submarginal row of lanceolate setae. Both mandibles have blade-like incisors and dorsally, a mediolateral patch of long, spine-like setae; additionally, the left mandible has a tuft of long, partly branched setae at the base of the subtriangular process. Philibaetis gen. nov. is further characterised by a hypopharynx with a medial tuft of stout setae and anterolaterally, two smaller tufts of stout setae, a galea-lacinia with the distal denti-seta tooth-like and directed against canines, a fore femur apically with stout setae, both on anterior and posterior side and without a femoral patch and a claw with one row of denticles and two or three subapical setae. The protogonostyli under the cuticle of male last instar larvae are folded in the Labiobaetis type, excluding their affiliation to the genus Baetis. COI sequences were obtained from both species. The genetic distance (Kimura 2-parameter) between them is 17.5% on average. Very limited genetic distances of 0% to 3% (0.75% on average) were found between specimens of P. luzonensis comb. nov

A new genus of Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Southeast Asia

A new genus of Baetidae is described from Southeast Asia, Procerobaetis gen. nov. It has a wide distribution reaching from Indonesia (Sumatra) to the Philippines. Two new species are described from Indonesia, P. leptobranchius gen. et sp. nov. and P. petersorum gen. et sp. nov., and one new species from the Philippines, P. freitagi gen. et sp. nov. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is characterized by having seven pairs of elongate, apically pointed gills. At least gills I and II are very slender with strongly extended points, which is unique in Baetidae. Similar gills were described from Leptophlebiidae. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is further characterized by having long, slender legs with extended, slender and slightly bent claws. The antennae posess remarkable spines at the outer, lateral margin, which are maximally developed on segments IX–XI of the flagellum. No spines are present on the posterior margins of abdominal tergites I–VI. COI sequences were obtained from all three of the new species. The genetic distances (Kimura 2-parameter) between these species are between 13% and 20%. Very limited genetic distances of 0% to 1% were found between specimens of the same species. The occurrence of two different species in the same area of Sumatra is discussed

First contribution to Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge in Cambodia (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of two new species

Material collected in 2018 in Cambodia gives us first insights into the diversity of Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 in this country. No species has been reported so far. We identified two new species using a combination of morphology and genetic distance (COI, Kimura 2-parameter). They are described and illustrated based on their larvae. A key to all Labiobaetis species of continental Southeast Asia is provided. The interspecific K2P distance between the two new species is 20–21%, the intraspecific distance of one of them is 1%. The total number of Labiobaetis species worldwide is augmented to 156

A Rapid and Accurate MinION-Based Workflow for Tracking Species Biodiversity in the Field

Genetic markers (DNA barcodes) are often used to support and confirm species identification. Barcode sequences can be generated in the field using portable systems based on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION sequencer. However, to achieve a broader application, current proof-of-principle workflows for on-site barcoding analysis must be standardized to ensure a reliable and robust performance under suboptimal field conditions without increasing costs. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of a new on-site workflow for DNA extraction, PCR-based barcoding, and the generation of consensus sequences. The portable laboratory features inexpensive instruments that can be carried as hand luggage and uses standard molecular biology protocols and reagents that tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Barcodes are sequenced using MinION technology and analyzed with ONTrack, an original de novo assembly pipeline that requires as few as 1000 reads per sample. ONTrack-derived consensus barcodes have a high accuracy, ranging from 99.8 to 100%, despite the presence of homopolymer runs. The ONTrack pipeline has a user-friendly interface and returns consensus sequences in minutes. The remarkable accuracy and low computational demand of the ONTrack pipeline, together with the inexpensive equipment and simple protocols, make the proposed workflow particularly suitable for tracking species under field conditions

Neoephemeridae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of the Philippines and Insights on Southeast Asian Biodiversity

A new mayfly species, Potamanthellus panayensis sp. n. (Neoephemeridae) is described from Panay Island, Philippines, based on nymphs. Supplementary nymphal description of P. caenoides (Ulmer, 1939) and a provisional description of another Potamanthellus species from Mindanao Island, Philippines are provided. The potential underestimated diversity of Potamanthellus in Southeast Asia is discussed in line with the species delimitation in this study based on COI sequences

Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dudgeodes Sartori, 2008 (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Teloganodidae) from the Philippines with description of new species and supplementary descriptions of Southeast Asian species

COI sequences were used as an initial clustering method to delimit putative species of the genus Dudgeodes in the Philippines. An overview of the diagnostic characters of Philippine species and characters with high intraspecific variability are given. Six new species of Dudgeodes are described and illustrated: D. bauernfeindi Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. freitagi Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. luntian Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. pangantihoni Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. tabang Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., and D. vonrinteleni Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., all known from the nymphal stage. Supplementary descriptions are provided for D. pescadori Sartori, 2008, D. hutanis Sartori, 2008, D. stephani Sartori, 2008, D. ulmeri Sartori, 2008, and D. celebensis Sartori, 2008. A key to the nymphs of Philippine Dudgeodes species is proposed

Fig. 12. Habitus, larvae. A in A new genus of Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Southeast Asia

Fig. 12. Habitus, larvae. A. Procerobaetis leptobranchius gen. et sp. nov., dorsal view. B. P. leptobranchius gen. et sp. nov., lateral view. C. P. petersorum gen. et sp. nov., dorsal view. D. P. petersorum gen. et sp. nov., lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.Published as part of Kaltenbach, Thomas, Garces, Jhoana M. & Gattolliat, Jean-Luc, 2020, A new genus of Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Southeast Asia, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 612 on page 26, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.612, http://zenodo.org/record/370217

The success story of Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge in the Philippines (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of 18 new species

Material collected between 1994 and 2020 in the Philippines, covering most main islands like Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, Negros, Cebu, Leyte, and Mindanao and some smaller islands, substantially increased our knowledge of Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge in this archipelago. Only three species were previously reported: L. molawinensis (Müller-Liebenau, 1982) and L. sumigarensis (Müller-Liebenau, 1982) from larvae and L. boettgeri (Ulmer, 1924) from adults. Eighteen new species have been identified using a combination of morphology and genetic distance (COI, Kimura 2-parameter). They are described and illustrated based on their larvae and a key to all species in the Philippines is provided. The total number of Labiobaetis in the Philippines has increased to 21 species. Additional diversity of Labiobaetis based on molecular evidence only is presented as Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) without description. The interspecific K2P distances in the Philippines are between 15% and 27%, the intraspecific distances are usually between 0% and 3%. The total number of Labiobaetis species worldwide is augmented to 144

Additional new species of Grouvellinus Champion 1923 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae) discovered by citizen scientists and DNA barcoded in the field applying a novel MinION-based workflow

Four new species, Grouvellinus nigerquadratus sp. nov., G. cruxniger sp. nov., G. luciaensis sp. nov., and G. borneensis sp. nov., are described from Borneo and illustrated in detail. Two additional species of the genus which remain undescribed are briefly diagnosed. The material was collected during Taxon Expeditions’ field course which involved citizen scientists, students and taxonomists. Specimens were collected at altitudes between 270 m and 750 m above sea level using fine-meshed hand-nets and blacklight traps. The morphological species delimitation based on morphology was supplemented and congruent with mtDNA sequences which are the first DNA barcodes for the genus from Borneo. They were obtained in the field using a newly developed rapid and accurate MinION-based workflow. The inter – and intraspecific genetic distances and the problems regarding cryptic species delimitation are discussed