The taifa alcazar of Granada: approach and problems around the artistic studio

La dinastía zirí gobernó en Granada durante prácticamente todo el siglo XI. Sin embargo no conservamos en la actualidad demasiados vestigios materiales con los que poder realizar una aproximación artística de esta taifa, por ello existe la necesidad de ampliar la investigación con fuentes documentales. El estudio de las Memorias del último de los soberanos ziríes, ‘Abd Allah ibn Buluggin (monarca entre 1073 – 1090), arrojaría información de enorme interés para poder acercarse a esa realidad perdida. Además los ziríes tuvieron otras importantes ciudades bajo su mando debido a su política de expansión territorial, como Málaga, en cuya alcazaba se conservan algunos restos arquitectónicos con los que, previsiblemente, poder compararlos y tratar de realizar esa aproximación artísticaThe Zirid dynasty ruled Granada almost all the 11th century. However there are not enough material vestiges to make an approximation to the artistic esthetic of this taifa. Thus, we need research with documentary sources. The study of Memoirs of the last zirid king ‘Abd Allah ibn Buluggin, who reigned among 1073-1090, give us interesting information to approximate this lost reality. Also Zirids kept some significant cities more due to their territorial expansion such as Málaga. Several architectural remainders are preserved in its alcazaba which let foreseeably compare and make this artistic approachEl presente estudio se enmarca en el Proyecto I+D+I “Al-Andalus, los reinos hispanos y Egipto: arte, poder y conocimiento en el Mediterráneo medieval”, HAR2013-45578-R, de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

The role of trade in the artistic context of Toledo´s taifa´s kingdom

El Califato dejó un importante legado artístico que fue recogido por todos los Reinos de Taifas. Cada uno de estos reinos mantuvo en mayor o menor medida la esencia del siglo X, aunque no todos siguieron una misma tendencia, pues, debido a las relaciones que mantuvieran con el Mediterráneo y a las propias aportaciones autóctonas, en algunos casos fructificaron en un arte con personalidad propia; este es el caso de la taifa de Toledo. Las fuentes nos hablan de contactos mantenidos con diferentes zonas no sólo del Mashreq, sino también con el resto del continente asiático. Tenemos constancia material de ello gracias a los restos hallados en el palacio islámico del alcázar toledano, evidencias de un lenguaje tomado del mundo oriental sin relación alguna con la tradición omeya, lo que demuestra la importancia del comercio como transmisor de formas e ideas.The Caliphate left an important artistic legacy that was collected by the Taifa’s Kingdoms. Each of those kingdoms kept in greater or lesser extent, the 10th century essence, although not all of them followed the same tendency, because, due to their Mediterranean relations and the native contributions, in some cases it gave rise to an own personalized art; as the Toledo’s Taifa. The sources speak about contacts with different regions, not only with the Mashreq, but also with the rest of the Asian continent. We have material evidences thanks to the rests of the Islamic palace in Toledo’s Alcazar, those are evidences of an oriental language without relation with the umayyad tradition, which shows the trade’s importance as forms an ideas transport

Art, legitimacy and identity during Taifa Kingdoms

[PT] A descentralização do poder califal de Córdoba no início do século XI provocou a emergência de múltiplos poderes locais que levaram à formação de novos estados independentes com governos de diferentes grupos étnicos. Esta configuração política dos Reinos de Taifas teve importantes consequências na estética arquitetónica, diversificando a linguagem artística da época tendo como base a te califal. Através dum sintético estudo comparativo vai ser analisada a motivação de alguns destes reinos para assumirem plenamente a herança anterior e outros, pelo contrário, reformularem a linguagem com soluções inéditas até ao momento na Península. Portanto, o objetivo é compreender o papel desempenhado pela arte durante o século XI no al‑Andalus, como geradora dediscursos ideológicos, identitários e de legitimação[EN] Decentralization of the Caliphate power early in the 11th century+ fostered the appearance of multiple local powers on the head of new independent states, which were ruled by different ethnicities. This political configuration of the taifas had remarkable consequences in the architecture aesthetic. Taking the Caliphal art as a base, they diversified the artistic language of that time. This synthetic and comparative study identifies why some taifa kingdoms fully assumed the ancient heritage and others, conversely, re‑formulated this art language with solutions unseen in the Iberian Peninsula. Consequently, our target is to understand the role played by the art during the 11th century in al‑Andalus as a generator of not only legitimacy, but also ideological and identity discourses.S

La arquitectura palatina andalusí del siglo XI: entre la arqueología, la literatura y el arte

[ES] El presente estudio se centrará en analizar y comparar los restos conservados de estos palacios con los textos que hacen referencia a ellos, tratando de comprender así el papel que ocupaba el arte dentro de la historia social del poder andalusí en dicha centuria. Los investigadores ya se percataron hace décadas que aunar fuentes y arqueología era una buena metodología para aproximarse a la arquitectura que no hemos podido heredar, pero es un trabajo que sólo en los últimos años ha comenzado a generalizarse. De este modo, se pretende realizar una aproximación sobre un importante momento de la historia y cultura de nuestro país, un periodo que da comienzo con la disgregación del Califato omeya de occidente y que prosigue con la lenta decadencia de la hegemonía musulmana frente al cristianismo

Kidney Biopsy in Patients with Cancer along the Last Decade: A Multicenter Study

Kidney biopsy; Renal pathology; Solid organ neoplasmBiòpsia renal; Patologia renal; Neoplàsia d'òrgans sòlidsBiopsia renal; Patología renal; Neoplasia de órganos sólidosBackground: Currently, following the new advances in cancer treatments and the increasing prevalence of kidney disease in the population, more kidney biopsies are being performed. The aim of our study is to analyze clinical and histological characteristics of patients with active solid organ malignancy who underwent kidney biopsy. This is a multi-center collaborative retrospective study supported by groups GLOSEN/Onconephrology from the Spanish Society of Nephrology. Clinical, demographical and histological data were collected. Results: A total of 148 patients with cancer who underwent a kidney biopsy from 12 hospitals were included. 64.3% men and mean age of 66.9 years old. The indications for biopsy were acute renal injury (67.1%), proteinuria (17.1%), exacerbated chronic kidney disease (8.2%), and chronic kidney disease (7.5%). Most frequent malignances were lung (29.1%) and abdominal (25%), with 49.7% metastatic cancer. As oncospecific treatment, 28% received chemotherapy, 29.3% immunotherapy, 19.3% specific therapies, and 2.1% conservative treatment. At the time of kidney biopsy, median creatinine was of 2.58 mg/dL [1.81–4.1 (IQ 25–75)], median urine protein-to-creatinine ratio of 700 mg/g [256–2463 (IQ 25–75)] and 53.1% presented hematuria. The most frequent renal biopsy diagnoses were: acute interstitial nephritis (39.9%), acute tubular necrosis (8.8%), IgA nephropathy (7.4%) and membranous nephropathy (6.1%). Median follow-up was 15.2 months [5.7–31.4 (IQ 25–75)]. Conclusions: There is a new trend in kidney disease and cancer patients in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Acute interstitial nephritis has established itself as the most common kidney injury in patients with cancer who underwent a kidney biopsy. Renal biopsy is a valuable tool for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of solid organ cancer patients with kidney damage.This work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-FEDER, ISCIII, Río Hortega CM20/00111, PI17/00257, PI21/01292, Marató TV3 2020 421/C/2020, Marató TV3 2021 215/C/2021, RD16/0009/0030 (REDINREN), EIN2020-1123381, and RD21/0005/0016 (RICORS 2040)

Método Avenzoar para la implantación racional de la atención farmacéutica en la farmacia comunitaria

Introducción: La evolución de la atención farmacéutica en España, el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, los proyectos de receta electrónica, la aparición de publicaciones como el Foro de Atención Farmacéutica, el desarrollo del Bot Plus y su integración con los programas de gestión de las farmacias comunitarias nos han permitido definir una metodología de trabajo en atención farmacéutica (AF), estratificada y selectiva.Metodología: 1. Identificar el paciente destinatario del tratamiento. 2. Dispensación propiamente dicha. 3. Definición del perfil farmacoterapéutico de la farmacia. 3.1. Grupos terapéuticos. 3.2. Indicaciones terapéuticas. 4. Definición de patologías diana. 4.1. Relevancia numérica. 4.2. Relevancia terapéutica. 5. Definición del potencial de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) de la farmacia comunitaria. 6. Elección de pacientes diana. 7. Ofrecimiento del servicio de SFT.Resultados: En las cuatro farmacias comunitarias (FC) participantes se definió el perfil farmacoterapéutico a partir de los grupos terapéuticos a nivel 1. A partir de aquí dichas farmacias definieron sus respectivas patologías diana y los posibles pacientes a los que ofrecer el servicio. Se basan en dichos resultados para establecer la formación de sus profesionales.Conclusiones: La metodología Avenzoar parte del conocimiento del paciente mediante el registro sistemático de las dispensaciones realizadas. Permite definir el perfil farmacoterapéutico de los pacientes. Permite decidir el nivel de implicación con el seguimiento de cada paciente según criterios previamente definidos. La metodología Avenzoar es compatible y complementaria con cualquier metodología de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico

Preparation, characterization and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of epichlorohydrin-β-cyclodextrin/curcumin binary systems embedded in a pluronic® /hyaluronate hydrogel

Curcumin (Cur) is an anti-inflammatory polyphenol that can be complexed with polymeric cyclodextrin (CD) to improve solubility and bioavailability. The aim of the present work was to prepare a CurCD hydrogel to treat inflammatory skin conditions. Epichlorohydrin-β-CD (EpiβCD) was used as polymeric CD. To characterize the binary system, solid-state and in-solution studies were performed. Afterwards, an experimental design was performed to optimize the hy-drogel system. Finally, the CurEpiβCD hydrogel system was tested for anti-inflammatory activity using a HaCat psoriasis cell model. Co-grinded Cur/EpiβCD binary system showed a strong interaction and Curcumin solubility was much improved. Its combination with Pluronic® F-127/hyalu-ronate hydrogel demonstrated an improvement in release rate and Curcumin permeation. After testing its anti-inflammatory activity, the system showed a significant reduction in IL-6 levels. Hy-drogel-containing CurEpiβCD complex is a great alternative to treat topical inflammatory diseases.Junta de Andalucía CTS214, CTS65

Synergistic effect of acetazolamide-(2-hydroxy)propyl β-cyclodextrin in timolol liposomes for decreasing and prolonging intraocular pressure levels

The purpose of this study was to design, for the first time, a co-loaded liposomal formulation (CLL) for treatment of glaucoma including timolol maleate (TM) in the lipid bilayer and acetazolamide (Acz)-(2-hydroxy)propyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) complexes (AczHP) solubilized in the aqueous core of liposomes. Formulations with TM (TM-L) and AczHP (AczHP-L), separately, were also prepared and characterized. A preliminary study comprising the Acz/HPβCD complexes and their interaction with cholesterol (a component of the lipid bilayer) was realized. Then, a screening study on formulation factors affecting the quality of the product was carried out following the design of the experiment methodology. In addition, in vitro release and permeation studies and in vivo lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) studies were performed. The results of the inclusion com-plexation behavior, characterization, and binding ability of Acz with HPβCD showed that HPβCD could enhance the water solubility of Acz despite the weak binding ability of the complex. Ch disturbed the stability and solubility parameters of Acz due to the fact of its competence by CD; thus, Chems (steroid derivative) was selected for further liposome formulation studies. The optimization of the lipid bilayer composition (DDAB, 0.0173 mmol and no double loading) and the extrusion as methods to reduce vesicle size were crucial for improving the physico-chemical properties and encapsulation efficiency of both drugs. In vitro release and permeation studies demonstrated that the CLL formulation showed improvement in in vitro drug release and permeation compared to the liposomal formulations with a single drug (TM-L and AczHP-L) and the standard solutions (TM-S and AczHP-S). CLL showed high efficacy in reducing and prolonging IOP, suggesting that the synergistic effect of TM and Acz on aqueous humor retention and the presence of this cyclodextrin and liposomes as permeation enhancers are responsible for the success of this strategy of co-loading for glaucoma therapy.Junta de Andalucía 2017/CTS214Universidad de Sevilla PPI546/202

Cholesterol levels affect the performance of aunps-decorated thermo-sensitive liposomes as nanocarriers for controlled doxorubicin delivery

Stimulus-responsive liposomes (L) for triggering drug release to the target site are particularly useful in cancer therapy. This research was focused on the evaluation of the effects of cholesterol levels in the performance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-functionalized L for controlled doxorubicin (D) delivery. Their interfacial and morphological properties, drug release behavior against temperature changes and cytotoxic activity against breast and ovarian cancer cells were studied. Langmuir isotherms were performed to identify the most stable combination of lipid components. Two mole fractions of cholesterol (3.35 mol% and 40 mol%, L1 and L2 series, respectively) were evaluated. Thin-film hydration and transmembrane pH-gradient methods were used for preparing the L and for D loading, respectively. The cationic surface of L allowed the anchoring of negatively charged AuNPs by electrostatic interactions, even inducing a shift in the zeta potential of the L2 series. L exhibited nanometric sizes and spherical shape. The higher the proportion of cholesterol, the higher the drug loading. D was released in a controlled manner by diffusion-controlled mechanisms, and the proportions of cholesterol and temperature of release media influenced its release profiles. D-encapsulated L preserved its antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. The developed liposomal formulations exhibit promising properties for cancer treatment and potential for hyperthermia therapy.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CTQ2014- 57515-C2-