11,406 research outputs found
Irrigated Agriculture and the Cost Recovery Principle of Water Services: Assessment and Discussion of the Case of the Guadalquivir River Basin (Spain)
The Cost Recovery Principle (CRP) is considered by the European Union (EU) water policy as a substantial requirement for economic efficiency, transparency, fairness, and sustainability in the use of water resources. Nevertheless, the implementation of the CRP by EU Member States has encountered significant challenges, both theoretical and practical, especially regarding the accounting of environmental and resource costs related to water use by the agricultural sector. This paper aims to analyse the application of the CRP to the agricultural irrigation sector in Spain, based on the case study of the Guadalquivir River Basin. To this end, an assessment of the financial, environmental, and resource costs (and the corresponding cost recovery rates) of water services related to the irrigation sector was carried out for this specific river basin. Additionally, this study aimed to offer a much-needed discussion on the agricultural “exceptionalism” phenomenon regarding the application of the CRP at the moment when water and agricultural EU policies are being reviewed to guarantee a more sustainable development of agriculture when using such a strategic natural resource
The bases of welfare. The situation of older people
.En este artĂculo se trata de presentar algunas de las dificultades existentes para el desarrollo e implantaciĂłn de un nuevo modelo de salud fundamentado en el desarrollo comunitario y no sometido a la lĂłgica de la rentabilidad econĂłmica. A partir de ahĂ, se analiza el impacto de la expansiĂłn del envejecimiento y los efectos de aquellas dificultades en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores y algunas propuestas que contrabalanceen la situaciĂłn.This article presents some of the difficulties indeveloping and introducing a new model of health based on community development that
is not subject to the logic of economic profitability. It then goes to analyse the
impact of the increase in ageing, and the effects of these difficulties on the quality of live of older people , and to make some proposals to counter balance this situation
The microeconomics of water demand under deficit irrigation: a case study in Southern Spain
This contribution presents an exploratory analysis of the
microeconomics of deficit irrigation (DI) as a technique with
growing prevalence in water scarce areas, as it is the case
of southern Spain. We analyze farmer decisions based
upon their subjective beliefs about water production
function that farmers could attribute to this technology. The
dynamic nature of water policy means that these
technologies, which can be labelled as water saving
techniques, have a relevant impact on the farmers’ decision
process about the applied water doses and the structure of
the water demand.SecretarĂa General de Ciencia, TecnologĂa e InnovaciĂłn MINECO AGL2014-53417-
The microeconomics of water demand under deficit irrigation: a case study in Southern Spain
This contribution presents an exploratory analysis of the
microeconomics of deficit irrigation (DI) as a technique with
growing prevalence in water scarce areas, as it is the case
of southern Spain. We analyze farmer decisions based
upon their subjective beliefs about water production
function that farmers could attribute to this technology. The
dynamic nature of water policy means that these
technologies, which can be labelled as water saving
techniques, have a relevant impact on the farmers’ decision
process about the applied water doses and the structure of
the water demand.SecretarĂa General de Ciencia, TecnologĂa e InnovaciĂłn MINECO AGL2014-53417-
PWM Control of a Buck Converter with an Amorphous Core Coil
Pulse-width modulation is widely used to control electronic converters. One of the most topologies used for high DC voltage/low DC voltage conversion is the Buck converter. It is obtained as a second order system with a LC filter between the switching subsystem and the load. The use of a coil with an amorphous magnetic material core instead of air core lets design converters with smaller size. If high switching frequencies are used for obtaining high quality voltage output, the value of the auto inductance L is reduced throughout the time. Then, robust controllers are needed if the accuracy of the converter response must not be affected by auto inductance and load variations. This paper presents a robust controller for a Buck converter based on a state space feedback control system combined with an additional virtual space variable which minimizes the effects of the inductance and load variations when a not-toohigh switching frequency is applied. The system exhibits a null steady-state average error response for the entire range of parameter variations. Simulation results are presented
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