Sobre la aplicación de estiramientos en el deportista sano y lesionado

El estiramiento es una técnica que mantiene o mejora la amplitud de movimiento en una articulación o un conjunto de articulaciones. Solicita el tejido muscular y sensitivo gra-cias a una acción de tracción alargamiento. Supone una técnica que se puede aplicar en clínica o desde la perspectiva del entrenamiento en deportistas sanos o lesionados. Su-pone una técnica indicada para el cuidado, la prevención y el mantenimiento de las ca-pacidades de cada individuo o para su desarrollo. No todos los estiramientos se realizan de la misma manera o persiguen el mismo objetivo.Al revisar la literatura, se observa que no hay consenso en la clasificacióno en la manera de aplicar los estiramientos: se ponen en duda los efectos beneficiososdel estiramiento durante el calentamiento, y es necesario el estudio para dar respaldo científicoEl objetivo de la revisión es ubicar el estiramiento, desarrollar la clasificación,exponer cinco modalidades de estiramientos y hacer una propuesta de aplicación: en el calenta-miento, vuelta a la calma y entrenamiento, en el deportista sano y en el deportista que padece lesiones musculares

On the application of stretching to healthy and injured sportsmen and women

Stretching is a technique that maintains or improves the range of movement in a joint or group of joints. It serves the muscle and sensory tissue due to an extended traction action. It is a technique that can be applied in the clinic or from a training perspective in health and injured athletes. The technique is indicated for the care, prevention and maintenance of the abilities of each individual or for their development. Not all stretches are done in the same way or seek the same objective. On reviewing the literature, it is seen that there is no consensus on the classification or way in which to apply stretches. There is doubt on the beneficial effects of stretching during warming up. A study needs to be done to provide scientific support. The aim of the review is to recognise stretching, develop the classification, show five stretching methods and propose their application: in warming up, cooling down and training, in the healthy athlete and the athlete with muscle injuries

Post-test probability of critical congenital heart disease after pulse oximetry in newborns.

Las cardiopatías congénitas son las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes en los humanos. A pesar de ecografías antenatales y examen físico previo al egreso un porcentaje considerable de recién nacidos con cardiopatía congénita crítica son dados de alta sin un diagnóstico adecuado. Por lo anterior la Academia Americana de Pediatría, la Fundación del Colegio Americano de Cardiología y la Asociación Americana del Corazón han recomendado la toma de saturaciones pre y posductales como prueba de tamizaje en todos los recién nacidos previo a su egreso, y en caso de tamizaje positivo realizacion de ecocardiograma para descartar alteraciones estructurales. Este es un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte trasversal, que busca identificar la probabilidad postest para el diagnóstico de cardiopatía congénita crítica al aplicar la toma oximetría de pulso en recién nacidos de alojamiento conjunto. Población y metodología. El estudio fue realizado en Bogotá, Colombia el primer semestre del año 2016. Para calcular la probabilidad postest de cardiopatía congénita se aplicó el teorema de Bayes, para calcular la probabilidad pretest se realizo un ejercicio Delphi . Resultados. La probabilidad de tener una cardiopatía congénita crítica fue mayor del 98% en los 3 grupos tras tener una prueba positiva. Si la prueba es negativa la probabilidad postest en el grupo 1 es del 45,1% y en el grupo 3 es del 3,61%. Conclusiones. La principal utilidad de la tamización con oximetrías diferenciales es en el grupo de recién nacidos de bajo riesgo de alojamiento conjunto.Congenital heart defects are the most common congenital malformations in humans. Despite antenatal ultrasound and physical examination prior to discharge, a significant percentage of newborns with critical congenital heart disease are discharged without adequate diagnosis. Therefore, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association have recommended pre and post-natal saturation as a screening test in all newborns prior to discharge, and in case of screening Positive echocardiogram to rule out structural alterations. This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study that seeks to identify the posttest probability for the diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease when applying pulse oximetry in newborn infants. Population and methodology. The study was carried out in Bogota, Colombia the first semester of 2016. To calculate the posttest probability of congenital heart disease was applied the Bayes theorem, to calculate the pretest probability was performed a Delphi exercise. Results. The probability of having a critical congenital heart disease was greater than 98% in the 3 groups after having a positive test. If the test is negative, the posttest probability in group 1 is 45.1% and in group 3 it is 3.61%. Conclusions. The main utility of screening with differential oximetry is in the low-risk group of newborns

Conductive 3D printed PLA composites: On the interplay of mechanical, electrical and thermal behaviours

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques represent a real challenge to manufacture novel composites with cou- pled multifunctional properties. This work focuses on the mechanical, electrical and thermal behaviours of 3D printed polymeric composites of polylactic acid (PLA) filled with carbon black (CB) conductive particles. The incorporation of conductive particles within the polymer matrix allows for programmable conduction paths via the printing process, whose electric properties are intimately coupled to thermo‐mechanical processes. In this study, samples were prepared using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) printer, controlling the filament ori- entation to manufacture three different types: longitudinal (0°); transverse (90°); oblique (±45°) printing ori- entations. Different types of multifunctional characterisation have been made: (i) electro‐thermal tests, evaluating the influence of electrical conductivity on the sample temperature due to Joule’s heating; (ii) thermo‐electrical tests, analysing the influence of temperature on the DC resistance of the samples; (iii) mechano‐electrical tests, analysing the effect of mechanical deformation on the specimens’ electric resistance. The results show a strong dependence of printing direction on the material properties of 3D printed conductive‐ PLA and identify strong thermo‐electro‐mechanical interplays. The results of this work will contribute to the AM progress in functional electro‐mechanical components with potential applications in biosensing devices, composite sensors, 3D electrodes and soft robotic industry.The authors acknowledge financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain, Agencia Estatal de Inves- tigación y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain, under Grant number RTI2018‐094318‐BI00. D.G.‐G., S.G.‐H. and A.A. acknowledge support from Programa de Apoyo a la Realización de Proyectos Inter- disciplinares de I + D para Jóvenes Investigadores de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (BIOMASKIN‐CM‐UC3M). D.G.‐G. acknowledges support from the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018 ‐ 2018‐T2/ IND9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain. Some tests were made in the High Voltage Research and Test Laboratory (LINEALT) at UC3M

Consumo y dependencia a nicotina, alcohol y otras drogas, en docentes de una Universidad de Medellín, Colombia

Revista Indexada en categoría A2 por Colciencias.Aunque el consumo y la dependencia a alcohol, nicotina y drogas aumentan en el mundo, este tema es poco estudiado en docentes Universitarios

Targeted Therapies in Sarcomas: Challenging the Challenge

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies that very often lead to death. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for most sarcomas but there are few active drugs and clinical results still remain very poor. Thus, there is an imperious need to find new therapeutic alternatives in order to improve sarcoma patient's outcome. During the last years, there have been described a number of new molecular pathways that have allowed us to know more about cancer biology and tumorigenesis. Sarcomas are one of the tumors in which more advances have been made. Identification of specific chromosomal translocations, some important pathways characterization such as mTOR pathway or the insulin-like growth factor pathway, the stunning development in angiogenesis knowledge, and brand new agents like viruses have lead to the development of new therapeutic options with promising results. This paper makes an exhaustive review of preclinical and clinical evidence of the most recent targeted therapies in sarcomas and provides a future view of treatments that may lead to improve prognosis of patients affected with this disease

Caveolin-1 in sarcomas: friend or foe?

Sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with a complex and difficult reproducible classification. Their pathogenesis is poorly understood and there are few effective treatment options for advanced disease. Caveolin-1 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein with multiple binding partners that regulates multiple cancer-associated processes including cellular transformation, tumor growth, cell death and survival, multidrug resistance, angiogenesis, cell migration and metastasis. However, ambiguous roles have been ascribed to caveolin-1 in signal transduction and cancer, including sarcomas. In particular, evidence indicating that caveolin-1 function is cell context dependent has been repeatedly reported. Caveolin-1 appears to act as a tumor suppressor protein at early stages of cancer progression. In contrast, a growing body of evidence indicates that caveolin-1 is up-regulated in several multidrug-resistant and metastatic cancer cell lines and human tumor specimens. This review is focused on the role of caveolin-1 in several soft tissue and bone sarcomas and discusses the use of this protein as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker and as a therapeutic target

Complications Associated With Initial Clinical Presentation of Cystic Echinococcosis: A 20-year Cohort Analysis

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex, and overlooked zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. In humans, it may result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the type of complications, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. The primary complications and risk factors associated with CE are not well defined. We performed a retrospective, observational study of inpatients diagnosed with CE from January 1998 to December 2017 in the public health-care system of western Spain. Five hundred and six cases were analyzed. More than half of the patients (302 [59.7%]) were asymptomatic, and the diagnoses were made incidentally. A total of 204 (40.3%) patients had complications associated with CE; 97 (47.5%) were mechanical, 62 (30.4%) were infectious, 15 (7.3%) were immunoallergic, and 30 (14.7%) involved a combination of complications. Mortality was higher in patients with mechanical complications (9.4%) than in patients with infectious complications (5.6%) and in patients with allergic complications (0%) (odds ratio = 19.7, 95% CI, 4.3-89.1, P < 0.001). In summary, CE frequently results in complications, especially in the liver in younger patients and, regardless of other variables, such as size or stage of cyst. Mechanical problems and superinfection are the most frequent complications. CE is an obligatory diagnosis in patients with urticarial or anaphylactoid reactions of unknown cause in endemic areas