La revista literaria como recurso TIC en el aprendizaje de la literatura

La utilización didáctica de las TIC en las clases de literatura representa actualmente uno de los recursos más empleados en la implementación de las nuevas metodologías en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas dentro del Marco Común Europeo. Por esta razón, y partiendo de una adquisición del conocimiento, eminentemente significativa, proponemos esta experiencia didáctica en el aprendizaje del valenciano en la asignatura “Formació Literària per a Mestres”, adscrita a la consecución del Certificado de Capacitación para la Enseñanza en Valenciano. El objetivo de la asignatura es que el alumnado disfrute de la literatura, conozca nuestros referentes culturales, fomente el placer de la lectura y adquiera una sólida educación literaria en valenciano. Por esta razón, pensamos que el recurso de la revista literaria propiciará las herramientas necesarias para un óptimo aprendizaje de la lengua y de la literatura.The didactic use of ICT in literature classes nowadays represents one of the most commonly used resources in the implementation of new methodology in language teaching-learning within the Common European Framework. For this reason, starting with knowledge acquisition that is eminently meaningful, we propose this didactic experience in learning Valencian in the subject “Formació Literària per a Mestres”, assigned to the achievement of the training certificate for teaching in Valencia. The goal of the course is for students to enjoy literature, to learn about our cultural references, to foster pleasure in reading and to acquire a solid literary education in Valencian. Therefore, we believe that the resource of the literary Magazine will provide the necessary tools to study the language and the literature in an optimum way.Educació

Pathological and sub-pathological changes in European rabbit bones: Two reference cases to be applied to the analysis of archaeological assemblages

Objective: To provide prevalence data for future comparative analysis of the health status of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) accumulated in the archaeological record. Materials: Two contrasting assemblages were analysed for pathological and sub-pathological changes: 1) an assemblage of domestic modern rabbit bones; and 2) a non-anthropogenic accumulation of archaeological rabbit remains. Methods: The lesions observed macroscopically, under magnification, and radiographically in both assemblages are quantified and described. Results: In the first assemblage, pathological and sub-pathological changes mostly affected the lower limb bones and primarily took two forms: diaphyseal periosteal proliferation and hypervascularised distal physes. Differential diagnosis of the periosteal proliferation suggests that pododermatitis is the most probable cause. In the second assemblage fractures were the most common lesions, but isolated examples of hypervascularised physes, periosteal proliferation, and musculo-skeletal stress markers were also identified. The pathological changes recorded is typical of a naturally-accumulated population of wild rabbits. Conclusions: The prevalence of pathological and sub-pathological skeletal changes in the rabbits, and thus their health status, are closely related to living conditions. This study demonstrates the value of systematically recording pathologies in rabbit bones. Significance: We contribute new data to help understand rabbit interactions with humans in the past and also the environment they inhabited. Limitations: Working with modern samples frequently means only incomplete skeletons are available for study. In these cases lesion prevalence always needs to be interpreted with caution. Suggestions for further research: Paleopathological studies of rabbit remains are remarkable for their absence. Further exhaustive research in this area is advised.Financial support from research project PBR 2009PBR00023 from Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) is gratefully acknowledgedPeer reviewe

Pathological and sub-pathological changes in European rabbit bones: two reference cases to be applied to the analysis of archaeological assemblages

ObjectiveTo provide prevalence data for future comparative analysis of the health status of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) accumulated in the archaeological record.MaterialsTwo contrasting assemblages were analysed for pathological and sub-pathological changes: 1) an assemblage of domestic modern rabbit bones; and 2) a non-anthropogenic accumulation of archaeological rabbit remains.MethodsThe lesions observed macroscopically, under magnification, and radiographically in both assemblages are quantified and described.ResultsIn the first assemblage, pathological and sub-pathological changes mostly affected the lower limb bones and primarily took two forms: diaphyseal periosteal proliferation and hypervascularised distal physes. Differential diagnosis of the periosteal proliferation suggests that pododermatitis is the most probable cause. In the second assemblage fractures were the most common lesions, but isolated examples of hypervascularised physes, periosteal proliferation, and musculo-skeletal stress markers were also identified. The pathological changes recorded is typical of a naturally-accumulated population of wild rabbits.ConclusionsThe prevalence of pathological and sub-pathological skeletal changes in the rabbits, and thus their health status, are closely related to living conditions. This study demonstrates the value of systematically recording pathologies in rabbit bones.SignificanceWe contribute new data to help understand rabbit interactions with humans in the past and also the environment they inhabited.LimitationsWorking with modern samples frequently means only incomplete skeletons are available for study. In these cases lesion prevalence always needs to be interpreted with caution.Suggestions for further researchPaleopathological studies of rabbit remains are remarkable for their absence. Further exhaustive research in this area is advised.</div

Novel Chromogenic Medium CHROMagarTM Candida Plus for Detection of Candida auris and Other Candida Species from Surveillance and Environmental Samples: A Multicenter Study

Epidemiological trends show a dramatic increase in the prevalence of fungal infections, and in the isolation of multidrug-resistant species, such as Candida auris. CHROMagarTM Candida (CC; CHROMagar, Paris, France) and other chromogenic media, which are widely used in the clinical laboratory because they allow a rapid identification of most Candida species. Recently, CHROMagarTM Candida Plus (CC-Plus; CHROMagar, Paris, France) was developed to detect and differentiate C. auris in addition to other major clinical Candida species, such as C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, or C. krusei. C. auris colonies display a differential light blue color with a blue halo. A multicentric study was designed to evaluate the performance of the CC-Plus medium in the detection of Candida species in patients&rsquo; surveillance and environmental samples from three Spanish hospitals with active C. auris outbreaks. A total of 364 patients&rsquo; surveillance samples and 212 environmental samples were tested. Samples were inoculated in CC and CC-Plus in parallel, and the plates were read at 24 and 48 h. All recovered colonies were presumptively identified according to colony color described by manufacturer, and the definitive identification was performed by mass spectrometry at 48 h. A total of 134 C. auris isolates were obtained (101 from patients&rsquo; surveillance samples, and 33 from environmental samples). Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive positive and negative values were 99.5%, 100%, 100%, and 99.1%, respectively, for the main clinical Candida species, showing that CC-Plus is comparable to CC, with the advantage of being able to differentiate C. auris from C. parapsilosis. Furthermore, CC-Plus was able to detect one C. albicans, one C. glabrata, and eight C. auris that did not grow in CC. Additionally, the yeast colonies were generally larger, suggesting that this novel medium could be a richer medium, and suitable for surveillance and environmental cultures of C. auris and other clinically relevant Candida species

Characteristics and Management of Candidaemia Episodes in an Established Candida auris Outbreak

The multi-resistant yeast Candida auris has become a global public health threat because of its ease to persist and spread in clinical environments, especially in intensive care units. One of the most severe manifestations of invasive candidiasis is candidaemia, whose epidemiology has evolved to more resistant non-albicansCandida species, such as C. auris. It is crucial to establish infection control policies in order to control an outbreak due to nosocomial pathogens, including the implementation of screening colonisation studies. We describe here our experience in managing a C. auris outbreak lasting more than two and a half years which, despite our efforts in establishing control measures and surveillance, is still ongoing. A total of 287 colonised patients and 47 blood stream infections (candidaemia) have been detected to date. The epidemiology of those patients with candidaemia and the susceptibility of C. auris isolates are also reported. Thirty-five patients with candidaemia (74.5%) were also previously colonised. Forty-three patients (91.5%) were hospitalised (61.7%) or had been hospitalised (29.8%) in the ICU before developing candidaemia. Antifungal therapy for candidaemia consisted of echinocandins in monotherapy or in combination with amphotericin B or isavuconazole. The most common underlying disease was abdominal surgery (29.8%). The thirty-day mortality rate was 23.4% and two cases of endophtalmitis due to C. auris were found. All isolates were resistant to fluconazole and susceptible to echinocandins and amphotericin B. One isolate became resistant to echinocandins two months after the first isolate. Although there are no established clinical breakpoints, minimum inhibitory concentrations for isavuconazole were low (&le; 1 &mu;g/mL)

Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Hospital from the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain)

To reduce the high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, it is essential to prevent their transmission. This can be achieved through molecular surveillance of the infecting strains, for which the detection of the entry of new strains, the analysis of antimicrobial resistance, and their containment are essential. In this study, we have analyzed 190 MRSA isolates obtained at the Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (Spain) from 2013 to 2018 with three approaches: Multilocus Sequence Typing, spa, and SCCmec typing. Although the incidence of S. aureus infections detected in the hospital increased in the study period, the frequency of MRSA isolates decreased from 33% to 18%. One hundred seventy-two MRSA isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials, especially to fluoroquinolones. No relevant temporal trend in the distribution of antibiotic susceptibility was observed. The combination of the three typing schemes allowed the identification of 74 different clones, of which the combination ST125-t067-IV was the most abundant in the study (27 cases). Members of three clonal complexes, CC5, CC8, and CC22, comprised 91% of the isolates, and included 32 STs and 32 spa types. The emergence of low incidence strains throughout the study period and a large number of isolates resistant to different classes of antibiotics shows the need for epidemiological surveillance of this pathogen. Our study demonstrates that epidemiological and molecular surveillance is a powerful tool to detect the emergence of clinically important MRSA clones.This work was funded by project BFU2017-89594R from MICIN (Spanish Government) and Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Publica (Generalitat Valenciana).Peer reviewe

Estudio del funcionamiento de los equipos directivos en los centros docentes

Conocer el funcionamiento y organización de los equipos directivos de centros escolares de diferentes niveles educativos y diferente titularidad. 54 centros educativos, 28 del País Vasco y 26 de Cataluña, de EGB-Primaria y Enseñanzas Medias. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de la documentación y legislación existente sobre la dirección de centros escolares. Se elabora y aplica un cuestionario estructurado en seis apartados: historia y composición, funciones, organización y funcionamiento, proyección interna, proyección externa y valoración de la actuación. Se realizan entrevistas a miembros de los equipos directivos, un estudio de los documentos del centro y análisis de diarios. Se constata la importancia de la dirección escolar en la promoción de procesos de cambio, especialmente en contextos de alta autonomía institucional. Se observa una baja implicación del profesorado en la gestión institucional, principalmente en la enseñanza pública. A pesar de que en la actual legislación no se favorece la configuración de equipos directivos como órganos colegiados, se detecta, además de flexibilidad en su composición, la tendencia a asumir las funciones directivas de forma colegiada. Los principales problemas que se detectan en el funcionamiento de los equipos son la inestabilidad de las plantillas docentes, la provisionalidad de los equipos directivos y la continuidad de sus miembros. Los equipos directivos no se sienten preparados en las áreas de evaluación, diseño curricular, gestión de reuniones y fomento del trabajo en equipo y se observan disconformidades relativas a la clarificación de las funciones. Las áreas de control-evaluación, relaciones humanas y animación de la comunidad se consideran funciones directivas, aunque no siempre se asumen por falta de formación o dificultad para tomar decisiones. Se considera el área burocrático-administrativa como la que ocupa más tiempo y es la menos aceptada como función directiva. Se recomienda la modificación de la normativa existente para favorecer la flexibilidad en cuanto al número y distribución de las funciones de los miembros del equipo directivo, la valoración de un proyecto de dirección para optar al cargo, su incentivación y formación específica y la adecuación de los recursos a la exigencias.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; Fax +34917748026; [email protected]

Optical Genome Mapping: A Promising New Tool to Assess Genomic Complexity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Novel treatments in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have generated interest regarding the clinical impact of genomic complexity, currently assessed by chromosome banding analysis (CBA) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Optical genome mapping (OGM), a novel technique based on imaging of long DNA molecules labeled at specific sites, allows the identification of multiple cytogenetic abnormalities in a single test. We aimed to determine whether OGM is a suitable alternative to cytogenomic assessment in CLL, especially focused on genomic complexity. Cytogenomic OGM aberrations from 42 patients were compared with CBA, FISH, and CMA information. Clinical–biological characteristics and time to first treatment (TTFT) were analyzed according to the complexity detected by OGM. Globally, OGM identified 90.3% of the known alterations (279/309). Discordances were mainly found in (peri-)centromeric or telomeric regions or subclonal aberrations (n = 12), which included 11/14 patients with ≥5 abnormalities by CBA/CMA and one patient with chromothripsis (Kappa index = 0.778; p TP53 abnormalities (58.3% vs. 3.3%, p p = 0.014). OGM is a robust technology for implementation in the routine management of CLL patients, although further studies are required to define standard genomic complexity criteria