Influencia de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre las concentraciones de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ y sus bioindicadores en raíces y hojas de plantas de judía

The pyruvate kinase (PK) and ATPase activities taking part in nitrogen (N) assimilation is essential for the growth and development of plants. Studies on the kinetics of these enzymes reveal that its activities are dependent of the cofactors K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to determine the effect of different doses of N on enzymatic activities of ATPase and PK as potentials biochemical indicators of the levels of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in the roots and leaves of green bean plants. The N was applied to the nutrient solution as NH4NO3 at the following rates: 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0, and 24.0 mM of N. These results indicate that deficient conditions of N (N1 and N2) were characterized by the lowest accumulation of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in both total and soluble forms, and also minimum activities of PK and ATPase induced by K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, with respect to the activity of basal PK and ATPase; this could mean near optimum conditions for these cations. On the contrary, high-N treatments (N4, N5 and N6) were characterized by presenting decreasing concentrations of total and soluble K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in roots and leaves of green bean plants; however, the activities of PK and ATPase induced with K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were increased reaching their maximum activity with respect to basal PK and ATPase, both enzymes reflecting the level of cations in roots and leaves, hence being considered as good physiological bioindicators of these cations.Las actividades piruvato kinasa (PK) y ATPasa participan en la asimilación de nitrógeno (N), la cual es esencial para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Estudios sobre cinéticas de estas enzimas revelan que sus actividades son dependientes de los cofactores K+, Ca2+ y Mg2+. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de diferentes dosis de N sobre las actividades de la ATPasa y PK como posibles bioindicadores de los niveles de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ en raíces y hojas de plantas de judía (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike). Se aplicó N a la solución nutritiva como NH4NO3 en las siguientes dosis: N1=1,5 mM, N2=3,0 mM, N3=6,0 mM, N4=12,0 mM, N5=18,0 mM y N6=24,0 mM. Los resultados indican que bajo condiciones deficientes de N (N1 y N2), las plantas presentaron menor acumulación de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ en su forma total y soluble, así como mínimas actividades PK y ATPasa inducidas por K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ respecto a la actividad PK y ATPasa basal; lo cual indica condiciones cercanas a las óptimas de estos cationes. Por el contrario, en los tratamientos elevados de N (N4, N5 y N6) las plantas presentaron concentraciones decrecientes de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ total y soluble tanto en raíces como en hojas; sin embargo, las actividades PK y ATPasa inducidas con K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ se incrementaron alcanzando sus máximas actividades con respecto a la PK y ATPasa basal, lo que indica una mayor necesidad fisiológica de estos cationes en los tratamientos elevados de N. Finalmente, la actividad ATPasa basal y la inducida con K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ se comportaron de forma similar a la actividad PK, lo que refleja el nivel de cationes en raíces y en hojas, por lo que se consideran buenos bioindicadores fisiológicos de estos cationes

Androgen receptor condensates as drug targets

Transcription factors are among the most attractive therapeutic targets, but are considered largely undruggable. Here we provide evidence that small molecule-mediated partitioning of the androgen receptor, an oncogenic transcription factor, into phase-separated condensates has therapeutic effect in prostate cancer models. We show that the phase separation capacity of the androgen receptor is driven by aromatic residues and short unstable helices in its intrinsically disordered activation domain. Based on this knowledge, we developed tool compounds that covalently attach aromatic moieties to cysteines in the receptors’ activation domain. The compounds enhanced partitioning of the receptor into condensates, facilitated degradation of the receptor, inhibited androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional programs, and had antitumorigenic effect in models of prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. These results establish a generalizable framework to target the phase- separation capacity of intrinsically disordered regions in oncogenic transcription factors and other disease-associated proteins with therapeutic intent

Guide to the alien and invasive species of rivers, lakes and estuaries in the Iberian Peninsula.

Guide to the alien and invasive species of rivers, lakes and estuaries in the Iberian Peninsula

Presence of Mycoplasma fermentans in the bloodstream of Mexican patients with rheumatoid arthritis and IgM and IgG antibodies against whole microorganism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increasing evidence incriminates bacteria, especially <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it>, as possible arthritogenic agents in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate <it>M. fermentans </it>in the bloodstream of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two hundred and nineteen blood samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and healthy individuals were screened by bacterial culture and direct PCR in order to detect mycoplasmas; IgM and IgG against <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 were also detected by ELISA and Immunoblotting assays in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Blood samples from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and healthy individuals were negative for mycoplasma by culture or direct PCR. In blood samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were detected by direct PCR <it>M. fermentans </it>in 2/50 (2%), <it>M. hominis </it>in 2/50 (2%) and <it>U. urealyticum </it>in 1/50 (0.5%). In patients with RA <it>M. fermentans </it>was detected by culture in 13/87 blood samples and in 13/87 by direct PCR, however, there was only concordance between culture and direct PCR in six samples, so <it>M. fermentans </it>was detected in 20/87(23%) of the blood samples from patients with RA by either culture or PCR. Antibody-specific ELISA assay to <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 was done, IgM was detected in sera from 40/87 patients with RA and in sera of 7/67 control individuals, IgG was detected in sera from 48/87 RA patients and in sera from 7/67 healthy individuals. Antibody-specific immunoblotting to <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 showed IgM in sera from 35/87 patients with RA and in sera from 4/67 healthy individuals, IgG was detected in sera from 34/87 patients and in sera from 5/67 healthy individuals.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings show that only <it>M. fermentans </it>produce bacteremia in a high percentage of patients with RA. This finding is similar to those reported in the literature. IgM and IgG against <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 were more frequent in patients with RA than healthy individuals.</p

Guía de las especies Exóticas e Invasoras de los Ríos, Lagos y Estuarios de la Península Ibérica.

Guía de las especies Exóticas e Invasoras de los Ríos, Lagos y Estuarios de la Península Ibérica

Guia das Espécies Exóticas e Invasoras dos Rios, Lagos e Estuários da Península Ibérica.

Guia das Espécies Exóticas e Invasoras dos Rios, Lagos e Estuários da Península Ibérica

Business process graphs : similarity search and matching

Organizations create collections of hundreds or even thousands of business process models to describe their operations. This chapter explains how graphs can be used as underlying formalism to develop techniques for managing such collections. To this end it defines the business process graph formalism. On this formalism it defines techniques for determining similarity of business process graphs. Such techniques can be used to quickly search through a collection of business process graphs to find the graph that is most relevant to a given query. These techniques can be used by tool builders that develop tools for managing large collections of business process models. The aim of the chapter is to provide an overview of the research area of using graphs to do similarity search and matching of business processes

Discovering branching conditions from business process execution logs

Process mining is a family of techniques to discover business process models and other knowledge of business processes from event logs. Existing process mining techniques are geared towards discovering models that capture the order of execution of tasks, but not the conditions under which tasks are executed – also called branching conditions. One existing process mining technique, namely ProM’s Decision Miner, applies decision tree learning techniques to discover branching conditions composed of atoms of the form "v op c" where "v" is a variable, "op" is a comparison predicate and "c" is a constant. This paper puts forward a more general technique to discover branching conditions where the atoms are linear equations or inequalities involving multiple variables and arithmetic operators. The proposed technique combine invariant discovery techniques embodied in the Daikon system with decision tree learning techniques