The role of parenting styles on behavior problem profiles of adolescents

Parental behavior is one of the most influential factors on the development of adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. These behavioral problems are closely related and often co-occur. The objectives of this work were: (i) to identify adolescents profiles according to their behavior problems; (ii) to explore individual, family, and social characteristics associated with these profiles; and (iii) to analyze the potential role of parenting styles in belonging to adolescents’ profiles. A total of 449 Spanish adolescents (223 from families declared at-risk and enrolled in Child Welfare Services and 226 from families from the general population) participated in this study. The analyses revealed three profiles of adolescents based on external and internal behavior problems (adjusted, external maladjustment, and internal maladjustment). Parenting styles explained the adolescents’ belonging to different profiles, in which the indulgent style was the most favorable in general terms. The distinctive role of parenting styles on two types of maladjustment profiles was confirmed. The relationship between parenting styles and adolescent adjustment is a key component that should be included in interventions according to adolescents’ behavior problem profiles. Furthermore, the results shed light on the need that family interventions are complemented with individualized interventions with adolescents that accumulate stressful life events.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad EDU2013-41441-

Factor analysis of FACES (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales) with families at psychosocial risk

En este artículo se presenta un análisis factorial de las escalas FACES III con una muestra de familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial (N= 324). Los resultados no replican la estructura bidimensional original de la prueba, e indican que solo la escala de cohesión (prescindiendo de tres ítems) obtiene propiedades psicométricas aceptables en esta muestra. Las significativas relaciones de las puntuaciones de esta escala con las de otras dimensiones relevantes del microsistema familiar ofrecen algunas evidencias de la validez de esta solución. Se discute la necesidad de revisar la escala de adaptabilidad propuesta por los autores y reformularla para poder evaluar empíricamente este constructo formulado teóricamente desde el modelo circumplejo del funcionamiento familiar.In this article a factor analysis of FACES III with a sample of families at psychosocial risk (N= 324) is presented. The original twofactor structure is not found, and only the cohesion scale (deleting three items) shows adequate psychometric properties with this sample. Significant correlations between the obtained scale and other dimensions of family dynamics (i.e., family self-esteem, parenting alliance and marital satisfaction) evidence validity. The need for reviewing and reformulating the adaptability scale proposed by the authors is discussed, in order to empirically evaluate this theoretical construct from the circumplex model of family functioning.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España EDU2013-41441-PConsejería de la Presidencia de la Junta de Andalucía BOJA 135-06/200

Situational analysis of parental socialization in adolescence

The aim of this research consisted of examining parental socialization taking into account the nature and variability of daily situations. The objectives of this study were: to explore parent´ behavior according to the degree of importance of diverse situations included in the Parental Socialization Scale in Adolescence (ESPA29); and to analyze whether the importance of these situations is associated with parents´ different socialization practices. Using the information provided by experts in family and/or adolescence, responses of 223 adolescents on the ESPA29 were analyzed from dimensional and typological approaches depending on the relevance of the educative situations over which parents have to intervene. Data analysis showed that adolescents perceived their mothers´ behavior differently depending on the importance of daily situations. The need for understanding parental socialization across educative situations is highlighted

Psychometric Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Modern Homonegativity Scale among Portuguese College Students

The studies focused on analysing attitudes toward homosexuality show that the manifestation of homonegativity has evolved into more modern forms. We therefore propose using instruments that capture subtle aspects in discrimination against gay and lesbian people. The objective of this study is twofold. First, we aim to adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the Modern Homonegativity Scale. Second, we set out to analyse the modern homonegativity shown by Portuguese university students. The scale includes two parallel subscales (MHS-Gay Men and MHS-LesbianWomen), each with 12 items. Six hundred and forty-one Portuguese college students between 18 and 27 years of age participated in the study (Mage = 21.23; SD = 1.88). The results demonstrate the unidimensionality of the scale and a high degree of internal consistency, along with satisfactory fit indices. Those people who identified as male and heterosexual showed greater modern homonegativity. We conclude that the Portuguese version of the MHS is valid and reliable for evaluating modern homonegativity in Portugal.Programa Operativo FEDERJunta de Andalucia B-SEJ-294-UGR1

Estudio comparativo sobre el absentismo escolar entre el CEIP La Salud y el colegio Luther King Arafo.

El absentismo escolar es uno de los problemas más grandes de los que nos encontramos en los centros educativos. Sin embargo, no se le da la importancia que verdaderamente merece. Este trabajo consiste en una investigación en la cual podremos observar un estudio comparativo entre el absentismo en un centro escolar privado y uno público. A su vez, trataremos el concepto de absentismo escolar y los motivos por los que se dan, la situación en Canarias sobre el mismo. A pesar de encontrarnos con diferentes definiciones sobre el “absentismo escolar”, hemos considerado que la más completa es la de Uruñuela, donde nos dice que este puede dividirse en varias fases. Para llevar a cabo nuestra investigación hemos realizado un cuestionario a los profesores de los centros mencionados, en los cuales coinciden nuestras ideas previas con los resultados finales de los formularios.Truancy is one of the biggest problems we face in schools. However, it is not given the importance it truly deserves. This work consists of an investigation in which we can observe a comparative study between absenteeism in a private school and a public school. In turn, we will discuss the concept of school absenteeism and the reasons for it, the situation in the Canary Islands about it. Despite finding different definitions of "truancy", we have considered that the most complete is the one of Uruñuela; it tells us that it can be divided into several phases. Trabajo de Fin de Grado To carry out our research we have made a questionnaire to the teachers of the mentioned centers, in which they coincide our previous ideas with the final results of the forms

Validity and measurement invariance of the Modern Homonegativity Scale for students in the field of education

Aquellas investigaciones orientadas a analizar las actitudes hacia la homosexualidad sugieren el uso de instrumentos que detecten los aspectos sutiles en la discriminación hacia hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas. Asimismo, se señala que la invariancia de medida de los constructos es imprescindible para que las comparaciones entre grupos sean válidas. Este trabajo pretende validar la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna (MHS) en estudiantes universitarios del ámbito de la educación (N= 1.283) con un rango de edad entre los 17 y los 49 años (M= 2.88; DT= 3,02). Del mismo modo, se interesa por examinar la invariancia de medida de la MHS en relación con ciertas variables sociodemográficas y personales (p. ej. identidad de género), así como ideológicas (p. ej. inclinación política). Los resultados aportaron evidencias sobre la unidimensionalidad de la escala y un al-to grado de consistencia interna (MHS-G= .879; MHS-L= .906), además de unos índices de ajuste (CFIMHS-G= .95, CFIMHS-L= .97; RMSEAMHS-G=.064, 90% IC: .057-.071, RMSEAMHS-L= .059, 90% IC: .052-.066) y unos valores de validez externa (MHS-G y AN-T: r= .753, I.C. 95% = .722-.785; MHS-L y AN-T: r= .76. I.C. 95% = .730-.790) satisfactorios. Asimismo, sugirieron que tanto la subescala hacia hombres gais (MHS-G) como mujeres lesbianas (MHS-L) son constructos invariantes conforme a las variables estudiadas. Las conclusiones apuntan a la validez y la invariancia de medida del modelo propuesto para comparar los niveles de homonegatividad moderna entre los grupos estudiados.Parenting stiles (authoritative, democratic, permissive and neglectful) play a key role in personal development and can be related to aggressive beliefs and affects in the individual. In order to examine this relationship, 769 subjects (359 men; 46.68%), with an average age of 21.89 years, s.d= 2.65, were assessed in terms of parenting styles, aggressive beliefs and affects; the mediating role of affects in the relationship between aggressive beliefs and parenting styles was also explored. The study revealed that these constructs are interrelated. The democratic parenting style was found to be the most widespread. In terms of gender, authoritative styles were used more often on men than on women, among which the permissive style was the most common. No significant gender differences were found concerning democratic and neglectful parenting styles. Women were revealed to be more exposed to negative affects, and aggressive beliefs were found to be more prevalent in men. Children educated according to a democratic style scored higher in positive affects and lower in aggressive beliefs. Authoritative styles tend to lead to aboveaverage scores in positive affects and aggressive beliefs. In addition, one in five people educated according to a permissive style returns a high negative affect score, and one in four people educated according to a neglectful style yields high scores in aggressive beliefs. Finally, parenting styles were found to have a direct effect on aggressive beliefs, an effect enhanced by the mediating role played by affects. In conclusion, the study suggests that parenting styles are related to aggressive beliefs and affects. In addition, affects were shown to play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and aggressive beliefs. Finally, it is worth emphasising that, owing to the far-reaching implications of parenting styles on the psychological, social and personal development of the individual, more research needs to be undertaken, not only to examine their relationship with affects and aggressive beliefs, but also with other psychological variables involved in personal developmen

Influence of the spatial confinement on the self-focusing of ultrashort pulses in hollow-core fibers

The collapse of a laser beam propagating inside a hollow-core fiber is investigated by numerically solving different nonlinear propagation models. We have identified that the fiber confinement favors the spatial collapse, especially in case of pulses with the input peak power close to the critical value. We have also observed that when using pulses in the femtosecond range, the temporal dynamics plays an important role, activating the spatial collapse even for pulses with input peak powers below the critical value. The complex self-focusing dynamics observed in the region below the critical power depends on the temporal evolution of the pulse and, also, on the interaction between the different spatial modes of the hollow-core fiber.The authors thank support from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FIS2016-75652-P) and from Junta de Castilla y León (SA287P18). A.C. is funded by the FPI grant program of Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European Social Fund (BES-2017-080280)

Ultrashort visible energetic pulses generated by nonlinear propagation of necklace beams in capillaries

The generation of ultrashort visible energetic pulses is investigated numerically by the nonlinear propagation of infrared necklace beams in capillaries. We have developed a (3+1)D model that solves the nonlinear propagation equation, including the complete spatio-temporal dynamics and the azimuthal dependence of these structured beams. Due to their singular nonlinear propagation, the spectrum broadening inside the capillary extends to the visible region in a controlled way, despite the high nonlinearity, avoiding self-focusing. The results indicate that the features of these necklace beams enable the formation of visible pulses with pulse duration below 10 fs and energies of 50 μJ by soliton self-compression dynamics for different gas pressures inside the capillary.Junta de Castilla y León (SA287P18); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BES-2017-080280, FIS2016-75652-P); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-106910GB-I00)

Implementation of the Programa de Formación y Apoyo Familiar (FAF) by Social Services

El Programa de Formación y Apoyo Familiar es una intervención de carácter psicoeducativo y comunitario para la promoción de parentalidad positiva. Se trata de un programa de educación parental preventivo, encaminado a la preservación familiar, que se lleva a cabo desde los Servicios Sociales con familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial. En este artículo se presenta una descripción del programa y un análisis de las principales características de su imple - mentación en 34 grupos con un total de 152 familias participantes. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la implemen - tación del programa se ha caracterizado tanto por una importante homogeneidad como por algunas diferencias, que evidencian el carácter estructurado y al mismo tiempo flexible del programa. Asimismo, el estudio realizado pone de manifiesto una valoración positiva del programa de Formación y Apoyo Familiar tanto por parte de los profesionales responsables de la implementación como de las familias participantesThe Programa de Formación y Apoyo Familiar (Family Education and Support Program) is a psychoeducative and community intervention to promote positive parenting. It is a secondary prevention parent education program for families at psychosocial risk and is applied by the Family Preservation Services. This article describes the program and analyses its application in 34 different groups of parents comprising 152 families. The results suggest that the implementation of the program was characterised by homogeneity and variety, indicating both the structured nature of the program and its flexibility. Moreover, the Programa de Formación y Apoyo Familiar program was regarded positively by both the practitioners and the participating familiesMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad de España EDU2013-41441-

Psychometric properties of an adapted version of the parental sense of competence (PSOC) scale for Portuguese at-risk parents

Parental sense of competence is one of the central dimensions targeted on psychosocial interventions aimed at supporting at-risk families. Researchers and practitioners need reliable instruments to assess the parental role adapted for these families. Although the Parental Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale has been frequently used to assess this construct, there is still no adapted version for Portuguese parents. In this study, the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the PSOC scale is examined with a clinical sample of 146 mothers from at-risk families receiving psychosocial interventions for family preservation from Child Protective Services. Results show that the Portuguese version of the PSOC measures three distinct constructs with acceptable psychometric properties: Efficacy, dissatisfaction, and controllability. As expected, the obtained factors were significantly and positively related to parenting alliance and family cohesion, and negatively associated with parenting stress. In sum, the proposed Portuguese version shows reliability and validity evidences to measure three relevant dimensions of parental self-evaluation, and it constitutes a cost- and time-effective instrument suited for at-risk mothers.Junta de Andalucí