190 research outputs found

    V. I. Vernadskiy' symmetry principle In science, philosophy, and education

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    This paper presents the content of the Β«Principle of symmetryΒ» of V.I. Vernadskiy on the basis of the scheme of division of E. Wigner' scientific knowledge. Unlike private symmetry principles of physics, Vernadskiy' "Principle of symmetry" is of a general nature. Its content is shown as an hierarchical system of all forms of symmetry. The value of this system of symmetries in science and philosophy lies in the fact that it forms the skeleton of the holistic view of scientific knowledge. Its formation is still far from over, though, it forms throughout the whole period of science development. In modern conditions of the avalanche growth of scientific knowledge, the integrating role of the system of symmetry forms is the factor which is designed to ensure a balance between the following two tendencies: differentiation and integration of both scientific and educational disciplines. To optimize the structure of educational content on this basis. Circumstance that facilitates the use of the system of symmetry forms during the education is that the individual consciousness, according to works of Jean Piaget, is formed on the basis of symmetry. This allows us to present general naturalscience courses at different levels of severity from perception of reality, based on intuitive perception, to consistently axiomatic oneΠ’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ раскрыто содСрТаниС Β«ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ° симмСтрии» Π’. И. ВСрнадского Π½Π° основС схСмы дСлСния Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π•. Π’ΠΈΠ³Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ частных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² симмСтрии Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Β«ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏ симмСтрии» ВСрнадского ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€. Π•Π³ΠΎ содСрТаниС раскрываСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ иСрархичСская систСма всСх Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ симмСтрии. Π—Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этой систСмы симмСтрий для Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ философии Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ скСлСт цСлостной ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания. Π•Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, хотя ΠΈ продолТаСтся Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ всСго ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° развития Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ. Π’ соврСмСнных условиях Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ роста объСма Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ иСрархичСская систСма Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ симмСтрии ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ провСсти ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ структуры содСрТания образования. ΠžΠ±ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ использованиС систСмы Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ симмСтрии Π² процСссС образования, являСтся Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ сознаниС, согласно Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΠΌ Π–Π°Π½Π° ПиаТС, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ сформировано Π½Π° основС симмСтрий. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… СстСствСннонаучных курсов ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… уровнях строгости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΡƒΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ восприятиС, Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ аксиоматичСског

    Analysis of hydrogenated zirconium alloys irradiated with gamma - rays

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    The paper represents the investigations concerning the geometrical size effect of hydrogenated zirconium alloys (Zr-1Ni-H) during gamma-ray irradiation on the amount of energy absorbed. The results have shown that the less the cross-sectional dimensions of the sample or product is, the less energy is absorbed. The paper provides theoretical calculations. The zirconium sample with a cross-section of 2.8Ρ…2.8 cm absorbs 30-35% of the energy of the incident gamma-ray flow. The increase in the cross-section of a product up to 28 cm leads to the increase in the absorbed energy by more than 2 times. At the same time, the thickness of the product is constant. This effect is explained by the multiple scattering of gamma-rays. It leads to the nonuniform distribution of defects which can accumulate hydrogen and should be considered when developing the analysis methods. These edge effects are confirmed by the measurement of the thermal electromotive force for the samples of zirconium alloys before hydrogenation and gamma-ray irradiation, and after irradiation

    Natural-science education: scientific and religious knowledge correlation in the view of a symmetry principle. Part I. The content of a symmetry principle

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    The aim of the investigation is to disclose the content of a symmetry principle; to show system hierarchy of its forms, developed in the course of evolution of scientific knowledge, a society and development of individual consciousness of the person.Β Methods. Based on the analysis of existing scientific sources, comparison, synthesis and generalisation of its content, the role of symmetry was found out in the course of historical formation of scientific disciplines, arrangement of an empirical set of the facts and its subsequent registration in the form of strict deductive systems.Β Results. It is proved that the concept Β«a symmetry principleΒ» (V. I. Vernadsky was the first to coin this concept into the circulation) objectifies now the highest level of scientific knowledge. Following E. Vigner’s works, it is said that set of forms of symmetry determines structure of scientific knowledge. On the one hand, these forms have got a deep empirical basis and a close connection with figurative perception of the validity; on the other – they have strict mathematical definitions and generate particular principles of symmetry of Mathematics and Physics based on axiomatic constructions of exact disciplines.Β Stages of formation and development of a number of scientific disciplines such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology are compared; the peculiarities and common features of its evolution are designated. Invariants and corresponding symmetries in formation of individual consciousness of the person are allocated.Β Scientific novelty. Developing V. I. Vernadsky’s idea, as he used only the short characteristic of a general scientific principle of symmetry, the authors of the present study consider symmetry forms in various branches of knowledge as particular displays of the given principle. Based on the principle of symmetry as a set of symmetry forms, this principle allows the authors to take a fresh look at the decision of methodological problems of a science, in particular problems of a correlation of scientific and religious knowledge, and as a whole – forming of hierarchy of scientific disciplines that will include not only all existing scientific directions from strict deductive to empirical, but even those directions that are not recognised as scientific disciplines. Such possibilities are given by reason of the double logic status of concept Β«symmetryΒ» – as the general inductive and as primary deductive phenomenon.Β Practical significance. Research outcomes can be useful and form a basis for optimisation of structure of the educational content – designing of a new throughline of the training providing formation of a complete picture of scientific knowledge. The necessity of such throughline is connected with education crisis in the conditions of continuously growing scope of information and as a result redundancy of curriculums. The disciplines of the general natural-science courses, such as Β«Natural-science World ViewΒ» and Β«Concept of Modern Natural SciencesΒ» can be independent elements of similar training under the condition of selection of its content according to a fundamental principle of symmetryΒ Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – Ρ€Π°ΡΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ содСрТаниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ° симмСтрии, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΡŽ систСмы Π΅Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ, ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡˆΡƒΡŽΡΡ Π² процСссС ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания, общСства ΠΈ развития ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сознания личности. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… источников, сопоставлСния, синтСза ΠΈ обобщСния ΠΈΡ… содСрТания Π²Ρ‹ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ симмСтрии Π² процСссС историчСского формирования Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дисциплин, упорядочСния эмпиричСского Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… оформлСния Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ строгих Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования. ДоказываСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ понятиС Β«ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏ симмСтрии», ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π» Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π’. И. ВСрнадский, Π² настоящСС врСмя олицСтворяСт Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ симмСтрии, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ это слСдуСт ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ Π•. Π’ΠΈΠ³Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ структуру Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания. Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, Ρƒ этих Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ глубокая эмпиричСская основа ΠΈ тСсная связь с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ восприятиСм Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ; с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ – ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ строгиС матСматичСскиС опрСдСлСния ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ частныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ симмСтрии ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, слуТащиС Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ аксиоматичСских построСний Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дисциплин. БопоставлСны этапы становлСния ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ряда Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дисциплин: ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ; ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΡ… ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ особСнности. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌ симмСтрии Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сознания личности. Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Развивая идСю Π’. И. ВСрнадского, ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ характСристикой ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ° симмСтрии, Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ симмСтрии Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… отраслях знания ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ частныС проявлСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠžΠΏΠΎΡ€Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏ симмСтрии, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΅ (симмСтрии) Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ, позволяСт ΠΏΠΎ-Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ мСтодологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ, Π² частности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания ΠΈ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ – выстраивания ΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дисциплин, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ всС ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ направлСния ΠΎΡ‚ строгих Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎ эмпиричСских, Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² качСствС Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дисциплин. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ возмоТности ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ благодаря Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ логичСскому статусу понятия «симмСтрия» – ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ основой для ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ структуры содСрТания образования – создания Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ сквозной Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ обучСния, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ цСлостной ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ сквозной Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ связана с кризисом образования вусловиях Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎ растущСго объСма ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° этого пСрСполнСния ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ. Автономными элСмСнтами ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обучСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… СстСствСннонаучных курсов, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ «ЕстСствСннонаучная ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠšΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ соврСмСнного СстСствознания» ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ условии ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈΡ… содСрТания Π² соотвСтствии с Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ симмСтрии

    Natural-science education: scientific and religious knowledge correlation in the view of a symmetry principle. Ch. 2. Examples of religious content selection in general natural science courses based on the principle of symmetry

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    This work is aimed at demonstrating the possibility of the inclusion of religious elements contained in Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition in the general natural scientific courses based on the principle of symmetry. The method used in the work is confined to a comparison of perceptions formed in modern science and is closely related to the forms of symmetry and invariance principles (symmetry principles) and, in particular, space-time concepts with those of the Book of Genesis. Such a comparison reveals the following unexpected feature: most profound presentation of modern natural sciences is closer to the provisions of Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition than a look at the same things existed in the earlier stages of the development of science. This allows the authors to formulate the hypothesis that in the process of development of scientific knowledge, it gradually becomes closer to the religious worldview. This process is slow, so its results have become visible only within 3500 years after the establishment of the truth of the Old Testament and 2000 years after the New Testament.Results and scientific novelty. The Β«firmament of heavenΒ» and Β«water under the firmamentΒ» concepts are explained in the terms of the model of the Kleinert – Planck World crystal and understanding of the properties of matter and fields which are related with the conservation law of the wave-function parity. The relational nature of phenomena such as Β«lifeΒ» and Β«deathΒ» in the course of universe evolution as a general trend is considered as the process of lowering the degree of symmetry of matter after the Big Bang wherein the Universe was created. The concepts used by E. Wigner for the description of the structure of the scientific knowledge are analysed. Its structure is determined by shapes and specific principles of the symmetry of exact sciences. The analysis of the concept Β«natural phenomenonΒ» has shown that they are different in the degree of space-time localization. As the nonlocality of nature phenomenon becomes intensive, the limits of the scientific knowledge are approached. Understanding of creatures with the utmost degree of nonlocality is beyond the scientific knowledge. There is a tendency in modern science to study the behavior of objects in frames of nonlocal spacetime description. This trend is reflected, for example, in a study of the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. It can be stated that in this respect the position of science closes in the positions of the religious worldview. Practical significance. In this paper the authors present a few examples of selection of content of the course based on the Principle of symmetryЦСлью Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ части ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ являСтся дСмонстрация возмоТности Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ СстСствСннонаучныС курсы, построСнныС Π½Π° основС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ° симмСтрии, элСмСнтов Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания, содСрТащСгося Π² БвящСнном Писании ΠΈ БвящСнном ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄, примСняСмый Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅, сводится ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ сформированных Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² инвариантности (ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² симмСтрии) ΠΈ прСдставлСний ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ… симмСтрии, Π² частности ΠΎ пространствС-Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, с содСрТаниСм Книги Бытия. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ сопоставлСниС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ знания ΠΈΠ· области соврСмСнных Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ полоТСниям БвящСнного Писания, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ сущСствовали Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… этапах развития Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρƒ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ развития Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания постСпСнно происходит Π΅Π³ΠΎ сблиТСниС с Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏ этого процСсса ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ становятся Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ сСйчас, Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 3500 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ послС установлСния истин Π’Π΅Ρ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π—Π°Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 2000 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ – Нового Π—Π°Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. На основС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ кристалла ΠšΠ»ΡΠΉΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π° – Планка ΠΈ прСдставлСний ΠΎ свойствах вСщСства ΠΈ поля, связанных с Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ сохранСния чСтности Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ понятия Β«Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΡŒ нСбСсная» ΠΈ Β«Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΡŒΡŽΒ». ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅ΡΡ пониТСния стСпСни симмСтрии ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ послС Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π°, Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ВсСлСнная, трактуСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ общая тСндСнция Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ «Тизнь» ΠΈ Β«ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡŒΒ». ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ понятия, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π•. Π’ΠΈΠ³Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ описании структуры Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ частныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ симмСтрии Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊ. АнализируСтся понятиС «явлСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Β»; ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эти явлСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ стСпСни пространствСнно-Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. По ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ усилСния ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΡ‹ приблиТаСмся ΠΊ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания. Бущности, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, относятся ΠΊ области, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π° этими Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ОписаниС ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ нСлокального пространствСнно-Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° фиксируСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² соврСмСнной Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ΅. Она выраТаСтся, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ явлСния ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ запутанности. ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² этом смыслС Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ° сблиТаСтся с Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ приводятся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° содСрТания ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ СстСствСннонаучного курса Π½Π° основС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ° симмСтрии. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ курса, ΠΏΠΎ мнСнию Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ структуру Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ послСдним открытиям Π² области Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊ

    SYMMETRY PRINCIPLE AS A BASIS FOR INTEGRATION IN SCIENCE AND ITS VALUE FOR EDUCATION

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    Introduction. In recent decades, the problem of the formation of a holisticΒ perception in students’ minds of the surrounding reality in the field of educationΒ has become acute. The buildup of scientific knowledge, which is a determinant of theΒ structure of the content of education, occurs impetuously. Students’ thinking and consciousness become fragmented due to the exorbitant, permanently increasing amount of information that is presented for learning, but cannot be fully mastered by students. The root cause is imbalance in the curriculum levels of integration and differentiation (with a roll in the direction of the latter). To compensate the current imbalance and reverse the dangerous situation that threatens society with extremely negative consequences, an audit of the structure of educational content and the search for its new conceptual models are required.The aim of the publication was to show the importance of using the phenomenonΒ of symmetry in the construction of structures of scientific knowledge andΒ the content of education.Methodology and research methods. The study was based on the ideology ofΒ F. Klein β€œErlangen programme”; E. Wigner’s scheme, showing the division of areasΒ of scientific knowledge; generalised idea of symmetry by G. Weyl; the personal-activityΒ approach to structuring the content of education, improved by V. S. Lednev;Β and also on the theoretical and methodological analysis of other scientific sourcesΒ related to the topic under discussion.Results and scientific novelty. The general idea of symmetry, borrowed fromΒ geometry, but nonetheless having a general methodological rather than a particularΒ character, is proposed as the basis for systematising sections of scientificΒ knowledge and structuring foundation of the content of modern education. TheΒ ability of symmetry to combine the merits of the primary deductive concept andΒ the general inductive concept reflects the tremendous work performed by mankindΒ in the course of history to identify stable patterns, sets of invariants (the allocationΒ of which is the basic condition for the development of intelligence) andΒ the corresponding forms of symmetry. That is, the forms of generalised symmetryΒ accumulate in a compact form all the available knowledge and serve as a tool developedΒ by society for systematising the phenomena and laws of the surroundingΒ reality. The examples convincingly demonstrated the integrative property of formsΒ of symmetry, manifested in the relationship between its principles, the laws of natureΒ and natural phenomena. The principles of symmetry set the structure to areasΒ of the laws of nature and natural phenomena, which, in turn, in the form ofΒ cross-cutting lines (according to V. S. Lednev) can determine the content of education.Β In addition, it justifies the expediency of introducing a special cross-cuttingΒ Symmetry line, consisting of a course system – apical elements, supplementedΒ by implicit elements scattered in courses of other cross-cutting lines. Such anΒ approach will eliminate the narrow specialisation in the learning process and avoidΒ fragmentary perception of educational information and the surrounding reality.Β Practical significance. The research materials presented in the publicationΒ can be useful both for scholars and educators, who study the content of education,Β as well as for practitioners involved in the selection of educational material inΒ the development of educational programmes at various levels.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ послСдниС дСсятилСтия Π² сфСрС образования рСзко ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° формирования Ρƒ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ цСлостного восприятия ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. НаращСниС Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания, Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ структуры содСрТания образования, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Β ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ВслСдствиС Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ объСма ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡŠΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ для усвоСния, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ осилСн учащимися, Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡΒ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сознаниС ΠΈ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, обусловлСнныС разбалансированиСм в ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ… ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (с ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΒ Π² сторону послСднСй). Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ слоТившийся дисбаланс ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ общСству ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ послСдствиями, трСбуСтся рСвизия структуры содСрТания образования ΠΈ поиск Сго Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.ЦСль ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ – ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° симмСтрии Π² построСнии структур Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания ΠΈ содСрТания образования. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ИсслСдованиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ с ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° идСологию ЭрлангСнской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Π€. КлСйна; схСму Π•. Π’ΠΈΠ³Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ областСй Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ; ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ идСю симмСтрии Г. ВСйля; ΡƒΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π’. Π‘. Π›Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ личностно-Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ содСрТания образования; Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-мСтодологичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… источников, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ обсуТдаСмой Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π’ качСствС основы систСматизации раздСлов Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° содСрТания соврСмСнного образования прСдлагаСтся общая идСя симмСтрии, заимствованная ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ общСмСтодологичСским, Π° Π½Π΅ частным характСром. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ симмСтрии ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ достоинства ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ понятия ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ понятия ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π΄Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ чСловСчСством Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ истории, ΠΏΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ устойчивых закономСрностСй, Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… являСтся Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ условиСм развития ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°), ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ симмСтрии. Π’ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ симмСтрии Π°ΠΊΠΊΡƒΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ всС ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ знания ΠΈ слуТат инструмСнтом, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ социумом для систСматизации явлСний ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ продСмонстрировано ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ свойство Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ симмСтрии, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ явлСниями ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ симмСтрии Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ структуру областям Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ явлСний ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅, Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ сквозных Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΏΠΎ Π’. Π‘. Π›Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Ρƒ) ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ содСрТаниС образования. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, обосновываСтся Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ввСдСния ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сквозной Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ «БиммСтрия», состоящСй ΠΈΠ· систСмы курсов – Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ элСмСнтами, рассСянными Π² курсах Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… сквозных Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² процСссС обучСния ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ фрагмСнтарности восприятия ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ исслСдования, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…-ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… вопросы содСрТания образования, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня

    Population of higher-energy levels in LiY_(1-x)Er_xF_4 (x=O.003 Γ·1) crystals under CW IR laser-diode pumping

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    Steady-state population of 7 lowest excited erbium. levels in LiY¬¬_(1-x)Er_xF_4 (YLF:Er^(3+) (x=0.003-1) crystals was studied under upconversion. CW InGaAs laser-diode pumping with varied power density. Theoretical and experimental concentration and power dependencies of population of higher-energy radiative levels were obtained. Relative changes in populations of studied levels in YLF:Er^(3+) crystals were experimentally controlled by visible spectra of steady-state luminescence in the wavelength ranges corresponding to transitions ^4S_(3/2) --> ^4I(15/2) (0.52--0.57) mum and ^4 F_(9/2) --> ^I_(15/2) (0.64--0.68) ¡m. IR-pumped luminescence kinetic curves of higher-energy transitions ^4S_(3/2) --> ^4I_(15/2) (0.55 ¡m) and ^2H_(9/2) --> ^4I_(15/2) (0.41 ¡m) were recorded. The energy-transfer mechanisms were determined, and the predominant mechanisms responsible for upconversion excitation were elucidated. Microparameters of energy transfer and concentration dependencies of the selfquenching rates and non-linear coupling were obtained on the basis of theoretical and experimental estimates of the rates of intra- and intercenter relaxation processes (migration, selfquenching, and upconversion) allowing for statistics of coupling between the impurity centers in the system. The steady-state dependencies of population on the erbium concentration and pumping power density were calculated within the framework of rate balance equations. Good agreement between the theory and experimental data was obtained

    Взгляд Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ кризиса образования Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° истории Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ. Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ I. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания

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    Introduction. The issue of the global educational crisis was outlined by Ch. P. Snow and denoted by Ph. H. Coombs more than sixty years ago. The viewpoints on this problem outspoken ever since are diversified, but it did not lead to blunting of acuteness thereof. It gives the evidence of the necessity to go on revealing and studying the reasons creating the global educational crisis, of which the rapid growth of scientific knowledge and its accelerated differentiation are outlined by researchers as primary ones. It determines the topicality of researching the structure of scientific knowledge, which is a determinant of the basic education content through the lens of the history of science. The aim of the present study is substantiating of the idea that the basic reason of the world educational crisis is a result of strengthening of scientific knowledge differentiation due to acceleration of its volume growth and developing the approach to overcome the crisis. Methodology and research methods. The methodology of the study is based on the ideology of F. Klein (the Erlangen programme) and the ideas of E. Wigner about the levels of division of the scientific knowledge field (the totality of these ideas allows using them as a tool for description of the scientific knowledge structure and, consequently, of the structure of the education content, the determinant whereof it is); on the personal-activity approach developed by V. S. Lednev for the analysis of the structure of the education content, and on the approaches to description of the behaviour of complex systems on the base of regular laws established by synergetics. Results. Examining the history of development of the scientific knowledge structure within the ideology of F. Klein’s Erlangen programme allowed coming to the conclusion that in general it should be described as a result of the non-completed process of formation of the pattern of dividing the entire scientific knowledge field into three areas constituting three levels: phenomena of nature, laws of nature and the field of symmetry principles. In proportion to growing, each next level provides the previous one with its structure. The currently accepted classification of sciences is a horizontal section of the three-level pattern of dividing the scientific knowledge in the field of laws of nature. Scientific novelty. The paper evidences that the three-level pattern of dividing the scientific knowledge is formed in the course of the history of science as a basis of integration of the scientific knowledge, equalising the process of its differentiation, which shall allow optimising the content of general education with strengthening the integration of its disciplines. Practical significance. The ideas of the scientific knowledge structure, inherent to the three-level pattern of dividing the scientific knowledge, will be utilised as the basis for the formation of a new variant of the general education content structure, which will allow optimising it and mitigating the acuteness of the global educational crisis related to the progressing differentiation of scientific knowledge. Β© 2020 Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. All rights reserved

    Взгляд Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ кризиса образования Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° истории Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ. Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ II. структура содСрТания ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ образования

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    Introduction. The first part of this work is devoted to the examination of the scientific knowledge structure as a three-level scheme of its division (the field of phenomena of nature, laws of nature and the field of symmetry principles), wherein each next level provides the previous one with its structure. According to V. S. Lednev's approach, scientific knowledge is a determinant of the general education content. Therefore, the general education content structure requires to be revised as well. Aim. The aim of the current study is the determination of a needed alteration of the general education structure corresponding to integrative trends, which have been registered in the process of formation of the scientific knowledge new structure. Methodology and research methods. The methodology of the study is based on the ideology of F. Klein (the Erlangen programme) and the ideas of E. Wigner about the levels of division of the scientific knowledge field (the totality of these ideas allows using them as a tool for description of the scientific knowledge structure and, consequently, of the structure of the education content, the determinant whereof it is); on the personal-activity approach developed by V. S. Lednev for the analysis of the structure of the education content, and on the approaches to description of the behaviour of complex systems on the base of regular laws established by synergetics. Results and scientific novelty. A new element, specifically β€œStructure of scientific knowledge (symmetry)” through line, is proposed for introducing into the general education content structure. Its function is the global integration of subject-based through lines of the general education. On this basis, it is possible to optimise the content of education that balances the process of differentiation within scientific knowledge. It allows solving one of the topical issues of the global educational crisis related to the constant growth of the scientific knowledge volume and fragmentation thereof. The present paper takes into consideration that certain features of sporadic formation of such a new element of the education content structure take place. Among them, one can mention the attempts to launch β€œConcepts of the Modern Natural Science” and β€œScientific World View” courses, discussion of possibilities to use synergetics in pedagogy and active discussion of use of the ideas of symmetry within various disciplines - from humanitarian to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The perspectives of further development of formulated ideas about the scientific knowledge structure and the general education content structure in light of trends in STEM are also discussed. Practical significance. The ideas about β€œStructure of scientific knowledge (symmetry)” through line will be utilised for task-oriented revision and re-distributing of the content of subject-based through lines of the general education with the aim of its optimisation, taking into account the highest level of the scientific knowledge integration, which was formed in the course of the evolution thereof. Β© 2021 Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. All rights reserved

    Doping induced spin state transition in LixCoO2 as studied by the GGA + DMFT calculations

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    The magnetic properties of LixCoO2 for x = 0.94, 0.75, 0.66, and 0.51 are investigated within the method combining the generalized gradient approximation with dynamical mean field theory (GGA + DMFT). A delicate interplay between Hund’s exchange energy and t2gβˆ’eg crystal field splitting is found to be responsible for the high-spin to low-spin state transition for Co4+ ions. The GGA + DMFT calculations show that the Co4+ ions at a small doping level adopt the high-spin state, while delithiation leads to an increase in the crystal field splitting and low-spin state becomes preferable. The Co3+ ions are found to stay in the low-spin configuration for any x values. Β© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Inc

    Analysis of the Structure of Scientific Knowledge From Synergies

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° структуры Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания (Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° содСрТания ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ образования) с ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ прСдставлСний синСргСтики.The results of the analysis of the structure of scientific knowledge (determinant of the content of general education) from the viewpoints of synergetics are presented
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