73,581 research outputs found
Nonlocal Dynamics of Passive Tracer Dispersion with Random Stopping
We investigate the nonlocal behavior of passive tracer dispersion with random
stopping at various sites in fluids. This kind of dispersion processes is
modeled by an integral partial differential equation, i.e., an
advection-diffusion equation with a memory term. We have shown the exponential
decay of the passive tracer concentration, under suitable conditions for the
velocity field and the probability distribution of random stopping time.Comment: 7 page
The Generalized Counting Rule and Oscillatory Scaling
We have studied the energy dependence of the elastic scattering data and
the pion-photoproduction data at 90 c.m. angle in light of the new
generalized counting rule derived for exclusive processes. We show that by
including the helicity flipping amplitudes (with energy dependence given by the
generalized counting rule) and their interference with the Landshoff amplitude,
we are able to reproduce the energy dependence of all cross-section and
spin-correlation (A) data available above the resonance region. The
pion-photoproduction data can also be described by this approach, but in this
case data with much finer energy spacing is needed to confirm the oscillations
about the scaling behavior.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figs, submitted to PRC rapid com
A History of Flips in Combinatorial Triangulations
Given two combinatorial triangulations, how many edge flips are necessary and
sufficient to convert one into the other? This question has occupied
researchers for over 75 years. We provide a comprehensive survey, including
full proofs, of the various attempts to answer it.Comment: Added a paragraph referencing earlier work in the vertex-labelled
setting that has implications for the unlabeled settin
Hadronization Approach for a Quark-Gluon Plasma Formed in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
A transport model is developed to describe hadron emission from a strongly
coupled quark-gluon plasma formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The
quark-gluon plasma is controlled by ideal hydrodynamics, and the hadron motion
is characterized by a transport equation with loss and gain terms. The two sets
of equations are coupled to each other, and the hadronization hypersurface is
determined by both the hydrodynamic evolution and the hadron emission. The
model is applied to calculate the transverse momentum distributions of mesons
and baryons, and most of the results agree well with the experimental data at
RHIC.Comment: 16 pages, 24 figures. Version accepted by PR
A laser-driven target of high-density nuclear polarized hydrogen gas
We report the best figure-of-merit achieved for an internal nuclear polarized
hydrogen gas target and a Monte Carlo simulation of spin-exchange optical
pumping. The dimensions of the apparatus were optimized using the simulation
and the experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation. The
best result achieved for this target was 50.5% polarization with 58.2% degree
of dissociation of the sample beam exiting the storage cell at a hydrogen flow
rate of atoms/s.Comment: Accepted as a Rapid Communication article in Phys. Rev.
Water-soluble SOA from Alkene ozonolysis: composition and droplet activation kinetics inferences from analysis of CCN activity
Cloud formation characteristics of the water-soluble organic fraction (WSOC) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the ozonolysis of alkene hydrocarbons (terpinolene, 1-methlycycloheptene and cycloheptene) are studied. Based on size-resolved measurements of CCN activity (of the pure and salted WSOC samples) we estimate the average molar volume and surface tension depression associated with the WSOC using Köhler Theory Analysis (KTA). Consistent with known speciation, the results suggest that the WSOC are composed of low molecular weight species, with an effective molar mass below 200 g mol^(−1). The water-soluble carbon is also surface-active, depressing surface tension 10–15% from that of pure water (at CCN-relevant concentrations). The inherent hygroscopicity parameter, κ, of the WSOC ranges between 0.17 and 0.25; if surface tension depression and molar volume effects are considered in κ, a remarkably constant "apparent" hygroscopicity ~0.3 emerges for all samples considered. This implies that the volume fraction of soluble material in the parent aerosol is the key composition parameter required for prediction of the SOA hygroscopicity, as shifts in molar volume across samples are compensated by changes in surface tension. Finally, using "threshold droplet growth analysis", the water-soluble organics in all samples considered do not affect CCN activation kinetics
Cross-Lingual Classification of Crisis Data
Many citizens nowadays flock to social media during crises to share or acquire the latest information about the event. Due to the sheer volume of data typically circulated during such events, it is necessary to be able to efficiently filter out irrelevant posts, thus focusing attention on the posts that are truly relevant to the crisis. Current methods for classifying the relevance of posts to a crisis or set of crises typically struggle to deal with posts in different languages, and it is not viable during rapidly evolving crisis situations to train new models for each language. In this paper we test statistical and semantic classification approaches on cross-lingual datasets from 30 crisis events, consisting of posts written mainly in English, Spanish, and Italian. We experiment with scenarios where the model is trained on one language and tested on another, and where the data is translated to a single language. We show that the addition of semantic features extracted from external knowledge bases improve accuracy over a purely statistical model
Large scale numerical simulations of "ultrametric" long-range depinning
The depinning of an elastic line interacting with a quenched disorder is
studied for long range interactions, applicable to crack propagation or
wetting. An ultrametric distance is introduced instead of the Euclidean
distance, allowing for a drastic reduction of the numerical complexity of the
problem. Based on large scale simulations, two to three orders of magnitude
larger than previously considered, we obtain a very precise determination of
critical exponents which are shown to be indistinguishable from their Euclidean
metric counterparts. Moreover the scaling functions are shown to be unchanged.
The choice of an ultrametric distance thus does not affect the universality
class of the depinning transition and opens the way to an analytic real space
renormalization group approach.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.
Measurements of CH4, N2O, CO, H2O and O3 in the middle atmosphere by the ATMOS experiment on Spacelab 3
The volume mixing ratios of five minor gases (CH4, N2O, CO, H2O, and O3) were retrieved through the middle atmosphere from the analysis of 0.01/cm resolution infrared solar occultation spectra recorded near 28 N and 48 S latitudes with the ATMOS (Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy) instrument, flown on board Spacelab 3. The results, which constitute the first simultaneous observations of continuous profiles through the middle atmosphere for these gases, are in general agreement with reported measurements from ground, balloon and satellite-based instruments for the same seasons. In detail, the vertical profiles of these gases show the effects of the upper and middle atmospheric transport patterns dominant during the season of these observations. The profiles inferred at different longitudes around 28 N suggest a near-uniform zonal distribution of these gases. Although based on fewer observations, the sunrise occultation measurements point to a larger variability in the vertical distribution of these gases at 48 S
- …