Modelagem, simulação e controle da dinâmica de poços operando com gas-lift contínuo

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Automação e SistemasO método de elevação via gas-lift contínuo trata-se de um método muito utilizado pela indústria de petróleo, inclusive no Brasil onde é responsável por mais de 70% da produção. Essa grande utilização justifica a necessidade de ampliar os estudos e portanto do desenvolvimento de um modelo que consiga descrever os comportamentos dinâmicos e de regime permanente. Além disso, quando o poço opera com baixas vazão de injeção de gás podem ocorrer dois fenômenos oscilatórios característicos desse método de elevação, o Heading e o Density Wave, que também precisam ser descritos pelo modelo. O objetivo deste trabalho é então desenvolver um modelo fenomenológico simplificado que consiga descrever todos esses comportamentos. Para isso são aplicados os princípios de conservação de massa e de quantidade de movimento, como efeito de simplificação não foi considerado o princípio de conservação de energia, adotando-se uma temperatura constante para todo o comprimento do poço. Para validação dos resultados utilizou-se um simulador comercial, cujos dados foram confrontados aos do modelo. Como possíveis aplicações foi apresentada uma nova estratégia de controle e um exemplo de otimização do produção de óleo.Gas-lift is an artificial lift method widely used by the petroleum industry, especially in Brazil where it is responsible for more than 70% of the total oil production. This widespread use justifies the need to expand the studies and therefore the development of a model that can describe its dynamic and steady-state behavior. Moreover, when the well operates with low gas injection flow rates two oscillatory phenomena, heading and density wave, characteristic of this elevation method, may happen and must be described by the model. The objective of this work is then to develop a simplified phenomenological model that can describe all these behaviors. For this purpose the mass and momentum conservation laws are applied. In order to obtain a simple but representative model the energy conservation law was not considered adopting a constant temperature throughout the length of the well. To validate the model results a commercial simulator was used. Examples of the model application in the area of control and optimization are presented. A new control strategy for heading and density wave phenomena is developed and simulated and the simulation results obtained with the optimization of the oil production of a group of wells is presented

Comparative Analysis of the Optimization and Implementation of Adjustment Parameters for Advanced Control Techniques

This paper proposes the implementation, analysis and comparison of the control techniques Proportional, Integral and Derivative, Nonlinear Predictive, Fuzzy control and Sliding Mode Control technique applied to the speed control of an independent excited DC motor driven by a three-phase fully controlled rectifier of six pulses. The methodology proposes the design of the bench, modeling of the real system by the system identification method and the adjustments of the parameters of the controllers using an optimization process. Comparisons are made between the techniques, highlighting their characteristics and performances when executed under similar conditions. The robustness of each control, when acting on a nonlinear system, is investigated. All control techniques are applied in three different tests: (i) reference signal of step type without load application, (ii) reference signal with amplitude variation without load application and (iii) reference signal of step type with load application. The smallest value of the integral of the absolute percentage error for the first test is 2.01% with the Fuzzy control, for the second test is 3.34% with the nonlinear predictive control and for the third test it is 1.41% also with the nonlinear predictive control. The techniques present satisfactory performance in the execution of the proposed control, depending, therefore, on the analysis of the system to be implemented to determine the appropriate method

Hybrid Optimization Process Applied to Tuning of Dynamic Matrix Control: Study Case with DC Motor

This paper presents study about Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) controller applied to speed control of DC motor. DMC controller parameters (prediction horizon, control horizon and damping rate of reference) are obtained through optimization methods employing heuristic, deterministic and hybrid strategies. The use of advanced control technique combined with using of optimization methods aims to achieve highly efficient control, reducing the transient state period and variations in steady state. These methods were applied on a simulation model in order to verify which one provides better control results. Index Terms—Predictive Control, Deterministic Optimization, Heuristic Optimization, Hybrid Optimization, DC motor.

Optimized techniques for driving and control of the switched reluctance motor to improve efficiency

This work presents modeling, driving and classical speed control techniques for the switched reluctance motor. The aim is to improve the computational model, the control response and the machine efficiency. A parametric regression model was used to find the inductance profile of the switched reluctance motor and from the new inductance profile model. The drive and control techniques are shown: (i) with speed control acting on the excitation voltage and fixed switching angles, (ii) with speed control acting on the switching angles and fixed excitation voltage and (iii) with speed control acting on the excitation voltage, in this case, with dynamic switching angles and controller parameters. The inductance profile is represented by expression and inserted into the machine computer model, allowing greater precision and low computational cost. The speed control acting on the excitation voltage with dynamic controller parameters and dynamic switching angles allowed: (i) shorter response time for a wide range of control, (ii) higher efficiency, (iii) low computational cost and (iv) simplified implementation and maintenance. The techniques proposed in this work obtained precision of the computational model with respect to the system (in workbench) and optimized parameters in a wide range of the speed control, allowing an improvement of switched reluctance motor efficiency