Distributed Key Management for Secure Role Based Messaging

Secure Role Based Messaging (SRBM) augments messaging systems with role oriented communication in a secure manner. Role occupants can sign and decrypt messages on behalf of roles. This paper identifies the requirements of SRBM and recognises the need for: distributed key shares, fast membership revocation, mandatory security controls and detection of identity spoofing. A shared RSA scheme is constructed. RSA keys are shared and distributed to role occupants and role gate keepers. Role occupants and role gate keepers must cooperate together to use the key shares to sign and decrypt the messages. Role occupant signatures can be verified by an audit service. A SRBM system architecture is developed to show the security related performance of the proposed scheme, which also demonstrates the implementation of fast membership revocation, mandatory security control and prevention of spoofing. It is shown that the proposed scheme has successfully coupled distributed security with mandatory security controls to realize secure role based messaging

The More the Better? Effects of Training and Information Amount in Legal Judgments

In an experimental study we investigated effects of information amount and legal training on the judgment accuracy in legal cases. In a two (legal training: yes vs. no) x two (information amount: high vs. low) between-subjects design, 90 participants judged the premeditation of a perpetrator in eight real-world cases decided by the German Federal Court of Justice. Judgment accuracy was assessed in comparison with the Court’s ruling. Legal training increased judgment accuracy, but did not depend on the amount of information given. Furthermore, legal training corresponded with higher confidence. Interestingly, emotional reactions to the legal cases were stronger when more information was given for individuals without legal training but decreased for individuals with training. This interaction seems to be caused by fundamental differences in the way people construct their mental representations of the cases. We advance an information processing perspective to explain the observed differences in legal judgments and conclude with a discussion on the merits and problems of offering more information to lay people participating in legal decision making.

Deployment Models: Towards Eliminating Security Concerns From Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has become a popular choice as an alternative to investing new IT systems. When making decisions on adopting cloud computing related solutions, security has always been a major concern. This article summarizes security concerns in cloud computing and proposes five service deployment models to ease these concerns. The proposed models provide different security related features to address different requirements and scenarios and can serve as reference models for deployment

Модификация алгоритма канни применительно к обработке рентгенографических изображений

Рассмотрена модификация алгоритма определения границ Канни для быстрого выделения и поиска положения объекта на рентгенографическом изображении, установлена возможность автоматизированной настройки параметров при нормализации гистограммы изображения

Социокультурный компонент содержания обучения как одно из средств повышения мотивации изучения иностранных языков

Показана важность мотивации при усвоении иностранного языка. Установлено, что использование социокультурного компонента обучения отражает реальные потребности обучающихся в получении межпредметного знания, связанного с организацией культурных связей с носителями языка. Делается вывод о том, что задания, цель которых заключается в формировании социокультурной компетенции, являются средством повышения мотивации изучения иностранного языка, в частности, благодаря своей исследовательско-поисковой направленности

A Neural Circuit Arbitrates between Persistence and Withdrawal in Hungry Drosophila

In pursuit of food, hungry animals mobilize significant energy resources and overcome exhaustion and fear. How need and motivation control the decision to continue or change behavior is not understood. Using a single fly treadmill, we show that hungry flies persistently track a food odor and increase their effort over repeated trials in the absence of reward suggesting that need dominates negative experience. We further show that odor tracking is regulated by two mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) connecting the MB to the lateral horn. These MBONs, together with dopaminergic neurons and Dop1R2 signaling, control behavioral persistence. Conversely, an octopaminergic neuron, VPM4, which directly innervates one of the MBONs, acts as a brake on odor tracking by connecting feeding and olfaction. Together, our data suggest a function for the MB in internal state-dependent expression of behavior that can be suppressed by external inputs conveying a competing behavioral drive

An avalanche-photodiode-based photon-number-resolving detector

Avalanche photodiodes are widely used as practical detectors of single photons.1 Although conventional devices respond to one or more photons, they cannot resolve the number in the incident pulse or short time interval. However, such photon number resolving detectors are urgently needed for applications in quantum computing,2-4 communications5 and interferometry,6 as well as for extending the applicability of quantum detection generally. Here we show that, contrary to current belief,3,4 avalanche photodiodes are capable of detecting photon number, using a technique to measure very weak avalanches at the early stage of their development. Under such conditions the output signal from the avalanche photodiode is proportional to the number of photons in the incident pulse. As a compact, mass-manufactured device, operating without cryogens and at telecom wavelengths, it offers a practical solution for photon number detection.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Building Blocks of Difference: How Inequalities are (Re)Produced through Disciplinary Practices and Interactions in Preschool

Much policy research suggests preschool undermines educational inequalities, especially gender, race, and social class disparities in educational outcomes. Using data from ethnographic observations in three preschools (nine classrooms total) and interviews with preschool educators observed, this dissertation examines how disciplinary practices and disciplinary interactions in preschool classrooms construct and perpetuate social inequalities. In the second Chapter of my dissertation (published in Sociology of Education 2017) I find that heteronormativity permeates preschool classrooms where teachers construct and occasionally disrupt gendered sexuality in many ways, and children reproduce and sometimes resist these identities and norms in their daily play. Across the three preschools I observed, heteronormativity shaped teachers’ delineation of behaviors as appropriate or in need of discipline. Teachers’ approaches to gendered sexual socialization also affected their response to children’s behaviors such as heterosexual romantic play (kissing and relationships), bodily displays, and bodily consent. This work demonstrates how children begin to make sense of heteronormativity and the rules associated with sexuality through interactions with their teachers and peers in preschool. The third Chapter of my dissertation examines how disciplinary practices and disciplinary interactions operate in racialized, classed, and gendered ways, in preschool. Discipline inequality, especially experiences of exclusionary discipline, have long-term effects on educational outcomes. In this Chapter, I find preschool teachers’ perceptions of students’ misbehavior vary by students’ intersectional social statuses despite that most children’s self-regulation and behavioral skills are at similar stages developmentally in preschool. My data suggest that race, class, and gender compositions of preschool classrooms matter for students’ experiences of discipline inequalities. I found that preschool teachers provided more monitoring and discipline to girls from low-socioeconomic backgrounds when they were in classrooms that were mostly middle-class; middle-class black boys received more monitoring and discipline than their peers when they were in classrooms that were majority white, but that also had a significant proportion of black students; and I found equitable discipline in classrooms that were predominately non-white but racially diverse in the proportions of students from non-white subgroups, and that exclusively served low-SES students. The fourth Chapter of this dissertation examines how the “gender-neutral” developmental tenet, “follow the child”, guides the organizational logic and gender substructure of preschool classrooms. I argue that teachers assume a gendered child, and therefore “follow” a boy or a girl, resulting in preschool teachers “following the gendered child.” I find that in preschool, boys perceived behavioral “needs” are accommodated and receive less disciplinary responses from teachers, while girls receive increased disciplinary intervention for their behaviors. My data suggest that preschool teachers foster a masculine learning environment in which teachers implement gendered curricular accommodations (e.g., wrestling, gun play, and heavy work) aimed at fostering, rather than curbing, boys perceived unchangeable behavioral needs such as roughhousing and physical play. Additionally, I find that there is gender inequality in the distribution of resources in preschool classrooms. I argue that “following the child” results in teachers utilizing gendered practices which differentially prepare boys and girls for kindergarten, and may be at odds with the learning environments and expectations placed on boys in primary and secondary years of schooling. Taken collectively, the chapters of my dissertation provide qualitative data on how preschool disciplinary practices and disciplinary interactions construct and enforce unequal organizational arrangements for boys and girls in schooling.PHDSociologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146061/1/hgansen_1.pd