650 research outputs found
Exposing implicit biases and stereotypes in human and artificial intelligence: state of the art and challenges with a focus on gender
Biases in cognition are ubiquitous. Social psychologists suggested biases and stereotypes serve a multifarious set of cognitive goals, while at the same time stressing their potential harmfulness. Recently, biases and stereotypes became the purview of heated debates in the machine learning community too. Researchers and developers are becoming increasingly aware of the fact that some biases, like gender and race biases, are entrenched in the algorithms some AI applications rely upon. Here, taking into account several existing approaches that address the problem of implicit biases and stereotypes, we propose that a strategy to cope with this phenomenon is to unmask those found in AI systems by understanding their cognitive dimension, rather than simply trying to correct algorithms. To this extent, we present a discussion bridging together findings from cognitive science and insights from machine learning that can be integrated in a state-of-the-art semantic network. Remarkably, this resource can be of assistance to scholars (e.g., cognitive and computer scientists) while at the same time contributing to refine AI regulations affecting social life. We show how only through a thorough understanding of the cognitive processes leading to biases, and through an interdisciplinary effort, we can make the best of AI technology
Finding Person Relations in Image Data of the Internet Archive
The multimedia content in the World Wide Web is rapidly growing and contains
valuable information for many applications in different domains. For this
reason, the Internet Archive initiative has been gathering billions of
time-versioned web pages since the mid-nineties. However, the huge amount of
data is rarely labeled with appropriate metadata and automatic approaches are
required to enable semantic search. Normally, the textual content of the
Internet Archive is used to extract entities and their possible relations
across domains such as politics and entertainment, whereas image and video
content is usually neglected. In this paper, we introduce a system for person
recognition in image content of web news stored in the Internet Archive. Thus,
the system complements entity recognition in text and allows researchers and
analysts to track media coverage and relations of persons more precisely. Based
on a deep learning face recognition approach, we suggest a system that
automatically detects persons of interest and gathers sample material, which is
subsequently used to identify them in the image data of the Internet Archive.
We evaluate the performance of the face recognition system on an appropriate
standard benchmark dataset and demonstrate the feasibility of the approach with
two use cases
The anomaly-free quantization of two-dimensional relativistic string. I
An anomaly-free quantum theory of a relativistic string is constructed in
two-dimensional space-time. The states of the string are found to be similar to
the states of a massless chiral quantum particle. This result is obtained by
generalizing the concept of an ``operator'' in quantum field theory.Comment: LaTeX, 19 pages, no figure
Interactions Between Spermine-Derivatized Tentacle Porphyrins And The Human Telomeric DNA G-Quadruplex
G-rich DNA sequences have the potential to fold into non-canonical G-Quadruplex (GQ) structures implicated in aging and human diseases, notably cancers. Because stabilization of GQs at telomeres and oncogene promoters may prevent cancer, there is an interest in developing small molecules that selectively target GQs. Herein, we investigate the interactions of meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxysperminephenyl)porphyrin (TCPPSpm4) and its Zn(II) derivative (ZnTCPPSpm4) with human telomeric DNA (Tel22) via UV-Vis, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopies, resonance light scattering (RLS), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays. UV-Vis titrations reveal binding constants of 4.7 × 10⁶ and 1.4 × 10⁷ M⁻¹ and binding stoichiometry of 2–4:1 and 10–12:1 for TCPPSpm4 and ZnTCPPSpm4, respectively. High stoichiometry is supported by the Job plot data, CD titrations, and RLS data. FRET melting indicates that TCPPSpm4 stabilizes Tel22 by 36 ± 2 °C at 7.5 eq., and that ZnTCPPSpm4 stabilizes Tel22 by 33 ± 2 °C at ~20 eq.; at least 8 eq. of ZnTCPPSpm4 are required to achieve significant stabilization of Tel22, in agreement with its high binding stoichiometry. FRET competition studies show that both porphyrins are mildly selective for human telomeric GQ vs duplex DNA. Spectroscopic studies, combined, point to end-stacking and porphyrin self-association as major binding modes. This work advances our understanding of ligand interactions with GQ DNA
Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammatory Cytokines of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma
Almost all multiple myeloma (MM) cases have been demonstrated to be linked to earlier monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Nevertheless, there are no identified characteristics in the diagnosis of MGUS that have been helpful in differentiating subjects whose cancer may progress to a malignant situation. Regarding malignancy, the role of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines at the beginning of neoplastic diseases is now incontestable. In this review, we have concentrated our attention on the equilibrium between the diverse lymphocyte subsets and the cytokine system and summarized the current state of knowledge, providing an overview of the condition of the entire system in MGUS and MM. In an age where the therapy of neoplastic monoclonal gammopathies largely relies on drugs capable of acting on the immune system (immunomodulants, immunological checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T), detailed knowledge of the the differences existing in benign and neoplastic forms of gammopathy is the main foundation for the adequate and optimal use of new drugs
Generating human-computer micro-task workflows from domain ontologies
With the growing popularity of micro-task crowdsourcing platforms, a renewed interest in the resolution of complex tasks that require the coopera-tion of human and machine participants has emerged. This interest has led to workflow approaches that present new challenges at different dimensions of the human-machine computation process, namely in micro-task specification and human-computer interaction due to the unstructured nature of micro-tasks in terms of domain representation. In this sense, a semi-automatic generation envi-ronment for human-computer micro-task workflows from domain ontologies is proposed. The structure and semantics of the domain ontology provides a com-mon ground for understanding and enhances human-computer cooperation.This work is partially funded by FEDER Funds and by the
ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the COMPETE Programme
(operational programme for competitiveness) and by National Funds through the FCT
(Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the projects AAL4ALL (QREN13852) and FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028980 (PTDC/EEI-SII/1386/2012)
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