A REEXAMINATION OF THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE FRAMING EFFECT IN COGNITIVE PROCESSING

We conducted 2 experiments on the framing effect; recording reaction times in the first using a questionnaire and in the second using a computer-programmed procedure. We found that a positive framing effect caused participants to make faster decisions and show an intuitive, heuristic, decision-making pattern; whereas a negative framing effect caused participants to make slower decisions and show a rational, analytical, decision-making pattern. These results suggest that when decision-making time is not strictly controlled, other potential factors such as individual and cultural differences may influence the robustness of the framing effect

Participants' offers (in percent) in the ultimatum game and the dictator game in the pilot studies.

<p>Participants' offers (in percent) in the ultimatum game and the dictator game in the pilot studies.</p

Mean offers (in %) for the ultimatum game (UG) and dictator game (DG) and minimal accepted offer for the ultimatum games.

<p><b>(The error bar is +/−1 standard error of mean.)</b></p

Participants'minimal accepted offer (in % of 100 yuan) by cohorts.

<p>Participants'minimal accepted offer (in % of 100 yuan) by cohorts.</p

Participants' offers (in % of 100 yuan) in the ultimatum game and the dictator game by cohorts.

<p>Participants' offers (in % of 100 yuan) in the ultimatum game and the dictator game by cohorts.</p

Correlations between age and offer (or minimum accepted offer) for the ultimatum game (UG) and the dictator game (DG).

<p>Correlations between age and offer (or minimum accepted offer) for the ultimatum game (UG) and the dictator game (DG).</p

DO CONSUMERS' PERCEPTIONS OF PRICE FAIRNESS DIFFER ACCORDING TO TYPE OF FIRM OWNERSHIP?

We investigated Chinese consumers' perceptions of price fairness by introducing the type of firm ownership (state-owned monopoly, and non-state-owned corporation) as an independent variable, to investigate whether or not people's feelings of price fairness differ between state- and non-state-owned firms. Results showed that our participants tended to accept price rise because of cost increase, but not price rise because of an increase in demand. Participants also regarded as unfair the price remaining high when cost decreased. Auction in the situation of shortage of goods, was also regarded as unfair. State-owned monopolies raising their prices was viewed by participants as being more unfair than a price rise by a non-state-owned corporation

Enhancing the Activity and Tuning the Mechanism of Formic acid Oxidation at Tetrahexahedral Pt Nanocrystals by Au Decoration

Major State Basic Research Development Program of China [2012CB215500]; NSFC [20933004, 21073152, 20833005, 21021002]; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China [201126]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2010121021]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NECT-11-0301, NECT-10-0715]; Queen's University Belfast (The ISW DEL Clean Energies); EPSRC [EP/I013229/1]Tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals (THH Pt NCs), bound by high index facets, belong to an emerging class of nanomaterials that promise to bridge the gap between model and practical electrocatalysts. The atomically stepped surfaces of THH Pt NCs are extremely active for the electrooxidation of small organic molecules but they also readily accommodate the dissociative chemisorption of such species, resulting in poisoning by strongly adsorbed CO. Formic acid oxidation is an ideal reaction for studying the balance between these competing catalyst characteristics, since it can proceed by either a direct or a CO mediated pathway. Herein, we describe electrochemical and in situ FTIR spectroscopic investigations of formic acid electrooxidation at both clean and Au adatom decorated THH Pt NC surfaces. The Au decoration leads to higher catalytic currents and enhanced CO2 production in the low potential range. As the CO oxidation behaviour of the catalyst is not improved by the presence of the Au, it is likely that the role of the Au is to promote the direct pathway. Beyond their fundamental importance, these results are significant in the development of stable, poison resistant anodic electrocatalysts for direct formic acid fuel cells