Rising trend in cesarean sections: a retrospective study at tertiary care hospital in Jammu

Background: The uncontrolled wave of cesarean rates has increased globally which has resulted in a significant amount of maternal mortality and morbidity. The present study aims to evaluate the trend in cesarean section rates in Jammu, India. Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMGS Hospital, Jammu, India. We collected data based on total number of deliveries and cesarean sections performed at the hospital during (March2015-Feb2020) along with indications for CS.Results: The percentage of cesarean sections has increased drastically from 39.4% during (2015-16) to 49.9% in (2019-20). The study shows that the most common indication for CS is post CS followed by NPOL, Fetal distress, breech, APH, CPD, PIH and others.Conclusions: There is a growing concern among public and health care providers regarding the escalating and uncontrolled trend of cesarean sections which needs to be curtailed within optimal limits recommended by WHO.

SOCIAL NETWORK BASED AUTHENTICATION FOR SECURE ACCESS

A system and method are disclosed for a user to provide remote temporary access to a locked door of his/her home by performing authentication using a social network site or any other suitable application. The system comprises a camera for authentication and employs an access control system that receives inputs from the user via a network connection. The system has a database to store and recover the picture of previously visited users. The system provides high security for homes by integrating social network-based authentication with the conventional door lock system, obviating the need to share access codes

Risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy in our sociodemographic setup

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is assuming greater importance because of its increasing incidence and its impact on woman’s fertility.Aim: To assess the frequency and to determine an association between the studied risk factors and ectopic pregnancy.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for the role of several risk factors in the occurrence of EP in department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital. A total of 110 cases and 110 controls were compared for socio demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, obstetrical and gynaecological history, PID, past exposure to Chlamydia, surgical histories, the presence of assisted conception and contraceptive usage.Results: The main risk factors for ectopic pregnancy were history of tuberculosis (TB) (odds ratio (OR)=12.11), history of infertility (p=0.001), abortions (p=0.01) and a history of prior ectopic pregnancy (OR=8.549). Other risk factors found to be associated with an increased risk for ectopic pregnancy were Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/Chlamydia infection (OR=5.63), endometriosis (5.40), induced conception cycle (OR=3.063), intrauterine device usage (OR=3.55), prior caesarean section (OR=2.83) and appendectomy (OR=2.25). On the contrary, barrier methods (OR=0.28) and oral contraceptive use (OR=0.28) were protective from ectopic pregnancy.Conclusion: Pelvic infection particularly TB was found to be a major etiological factor for EP in our setup. Furthermore, other factors found to be associated with ectopic pregnancy, such as prior ectopic pregnancy and infertility history may be the result of a previous pelvic infection that caused tubal sequele. Thus, these factors are potential targets for intervention and modification. Further, patients with previous abortions, pelvic surgeries, induced conception cycle and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users should be counselled about the possible risk when they conceive

A Hybrid Approach for Android Malware Detection and Family Classification

With the increase in the popularity of mobile devices, malicious applications targeting Android platform have greatly increased. Malware is coded so prudently that it has become very complicated to identify. The increase in the large amount of malware every day has made the manual approaches inadequate for detecting the malware. Nowadays, a new malware is characterized by sophisticated and complex obfuscation techniques. Thus, the static malware analysis alone is not enough for detecting it. However, dynamic malware analysis is appropriate to tackle evasion techniques but incapable to investigate all the execution paths and also it is very time consuming. So, for better detection and classification of Android malware, we propose a hybrid approach which integrates the features obtained after performing static and dynamic malware analysis. This approach tackles the problem of analyzing, detecting and classifying the Android malware in a more efficient manner. In this paper, we have used a robust set of features from static and dynamic malware analysis for creating two datasets i.e. binary and multiclass (family) classification datasets. These are made publically available on GitHub and Kaggle with the aim to help researchers and anti-malware tool creators for enhancing or developing new techniques and tools for detecting and classifying Android malware. Various machine learning algorithms are employed to detect and classify malware using the features extracted after performing static and dynamic malware analysis. The experimental outcomes indicate that hybrid approach enhances the accuracy of detection and classification of Android malware as compared to the case when static and dynamic features are considered alone

The effect of seasonal variation on the delivery rate: a retrospective study

Background: We are living in a second most populated country in the world where many social, cultural and ecological processes and events occur regularly every year. These seasonal processes influence many vital rates including birth rates. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of seasonal variation on the delivery rate in tertiary care centre.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study carried out in Government Doon Medical College Dehradun. We extracted total number of delivery over five years period from hospital records (2012-2016) and analyzed the figures for monthly variation in delivery rates. This was repeated for a standardized 30-day month and the findings compared.Results: The total number of deliveries during the study period were 43,892 with an average of 3,657 deliveries per month. The highest rate of delivery was in the August month and lowest one was in the month of April. The monthly distribution of delivery rate also showed sinusoidal pattern.Conclusions: There is significant seasonal variation in monthly distribution of delivery rate. There are maximum conception rates are in winter season and minimum conception is in summer season. These findings will prove valuable in health system planning and in the interpretation of seasonal variations in other reproductive parameters

Maternofetal outcome in obstructed labour in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Obstructed labour is still a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and adverse outcome of newborn in low income countries. It is the leading cause of hospitalization, comprising of 39% of all obstetric patients in developing countries. Objectives: To study frequency, causes outcome and complications of obstructed labour.Methods: 402 patients admitted with feature of obstructed labour were studied. Detailed history included sociodemographic factors, obstetric history, features of obstruction, intrapartum events were recorded. Condition of patients, mode of delivery, preoperative and postoperative complications, maternal and fetal outcomes was recorded.Results: A total of 23381 deliveries were conducted during one year, 402 cases of obstructed labour were found with incidence of 1.71%. 86.5 % of the patients were from rural areas and 78.1 % of patients were unbooked and73.3% patients were primigravida. The commonest cause of obstructed labour was cephalopelvic disproportion (55%) followed by Malposition (22.9%) and Malpresentation (17.9%). The commonest mode of delivery was cesarean section (83.8%). Instrumental deliveries were conducted in 10.5% of cases. Destructive procedures are discouraged in out set up. Rupture uterus was seen in 16 cases (4.16%) out of which repair was done in 11 cases and subtotal hysterectomy was performed in 5 patients. The common maternal complications were sepsis [pyrexia (15.1%), wound infections (12.8%), urinary tract infection (7%), abdominal distention (11.2%), postpartum hemorrhage (9.7%). Perinatal mortality was 107/402 (26.6%), live birth rate 316/402 (78.7%), still birth rate 86/402 (21.3%). Perinatal morbidity was most commonly due to birth asphyxia (28.8%), jaundice (16.9%), septicemia (14.75%), meconium aspiration syndrome (9.9%).Conclusions: Obstructed labour is a preventable condition prevalent in developing countries. Improving nutrition, antenatal care, early diagnosis and timely intervention may result in decrease in incidence of morbidity and mortality.

Perinatal outcome associated with oligohydramnios at term

Background: Oligohydramnios is a severe and common complication of pregnancy and its incidence is reported to be around 1 to 5% of total pregnancies. The aim of this study was to perinatal outcome of oligohydramnios (AFI <5) at term.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in which 200 patients at term with oligohydramnios AFI <5 cm with intact membranes were analyzed for perinatal outcome.Results: There were increased chances of FHR decelerations, thick meconium, increased LSCS, low Apgar score at 5 minutes, birth weight <2.5 kg, admission to NICU in pregnancy with oligohydramnios.Conclusions: An amniotic fluid index (AFI) of <5 cm detected after 37 completed weeks of gestation is an indicator of poor perinatal outcome. Determination of AFI can be used as an adjunct to other fetal surveillance methods that helps to identify those infants at risk of poor perinatal outcome