A Survey of Definitions and Models of Exploratory Search

International audienceExploratory search has an unclear and open-ended definition. The complexity of the task and the difficulty of defining this activity are reflected in the limits of existing evaluation methods for exploratory search systems. In order to improve them, we intend to design an evaluation method based on a user-centered model of exploratory search. In this work, we identified and defined the characteristics of exploratory search and used them as an information seeking model evaluation grid. We tested this analytic grid on two information seeking models: Ellis' and Marchionini's models. The results show that Marchonini's model does not match our evaluation method's requirements whereas on the other hand Ellis' model could be adapted to better suit exploratory search

Exploratory search on topics through different perspectives with DBpedia

International audienceA promising scenario for combining linked data and search is exploratory search. During exploratory search, the search objective is ill-defined and favorable to discovery. A common limit of the existing linked data based exploratory search systems is that they constrain the exploration through single results selection and ranking schemes. The users can not influence the results to reveal specific aspects of knowledge that interest them. The models and algorithms we propose unveil such \textit{knowledge nuances} by allowing the exploration of topics through several perspectives. The users adjust important computation parameters through three operations that help retrieving desired exploration perspectives: specification of interest criteria about the topic explored, controlled randomness injection to reveal unexpected knowledge and choice of the processed knowledge source(s). This paper describes the corresponding models, algorithms and the Discovery Hub implementation. It focuses on the three mentioned operations and presents their evaluations

A Model-based Heuristic Evaluation Method of Exploratory Search

International audienceA shortcoming of current evaluation methods of exploratory search engines is that they cannot be used to determine whether users' behaviours and exploratory search tasks are usefully supported. One main reason is that these methods rely on a loosely defined model of the exploratory search process. The aim of this paper is to propose a new model-based heuristic evaluation method of these systems. We present the approach used to design the heuristics of exploratory search and a checklist form for using them. The evaluation of the heuristics and its procedure demonstrates that they significantly help the users achieve an exploratory search system assessment

Un Modèle de Recherche Exploratoire pour l'Évaluation de ses Systèmes & Applications

International audienceCurrent evaluation methods of exploratory search systems are still incomplete as they are not fully based on a suitable model of the exploratory search process: as such they cannot be used to determine if they effectively support exploratory search behaviours and tasks. Aiming to elaborate evaluation methods based on an appropriate model of exploratory search, we propose in this paper a model of the exploratory search process compliant with the acknowledged exploratory search characteristics, and we present the first evaluation of this model.Les moteurs de recherche exploratoire sont des systèmes visant à assister le processus d’exploration d’information. Les méthodes actuelles d’évaluation de ces moteurs ne sont pas adaptées pour vérifier s’ils assistent effectivement et complètement les comportements et tâches de recherche exploratoire, car elles ne reposent pas sur un modèle approprié de ces comportements et tâches. Afin d’élaborer des méthodes d’évaluation basées sur une meilleure compréhension du processus d’exploration, nous proposons ici un modèle du processus de recherche exploratoire conforme aux caractéristiques reconnues de processus et présentons une première évaluation de ce modèle

Sulfoxide‐Controlled Stereoselective Aza‐Piancatelli Reaction

International audienceThe development of a novel stereoselective aza-Piancatelli reaction to access 4aminocyclopentenones is reported. This transformation relies on the use of chiral o-sulfinyl anilines as chiral inductors to afford the targeted products in good to excellent yields. Remarkably, the high value-added cyclopentenones could be obtained in excellent drs (up to > 95:5) depending upon the furan substitution pattern

Double-Stereodifferentiation in Rhodium-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition: Chiral Ligand/Chiral Counterion Matched Pair

The first enantioselective metal-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition involving a double asymmetric induction has been devised. It relies on the use of an in situ generated chiral cationic rhodium­(I) catalyst with a matched chiral ligand/chiral counterion pair. Careful optimization of the catalytic system, as well as of the reaction conditions, led to atroposelective [2 + 2 + 2] pyridone cycloadducts with high ee’s up to 96%. This strategy outperformed those previously described involving a chiral ligand only or a chiral counterion only

Fashion Mix. Mode d'ici. Createurs d'ailleurs.

Cristóbal Balenciaga, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Sonia Delaunay, Mariano Fortuny, John Galliano, Natalia Gontcharova, Marc Jacobs, Rei Kawakubo, Patrick Kelly, Kenzo, Mainbocher, Martin Margiela et les Six d’Anvers, Alexander McQueen, Issey Miyake, Edward Molyneux, Rick Owen, Lola Prussac, Paco Rabanne, Elsa Schiaparelli, Riccardo Tisci, C. F. Worth, Yohji Yamamoto… Qu’ils soient Britanniques, Italiens, Espagnols, Belges, Russes, Américains ou Japonais, tous ces légendaires créateurs ont en commun d’avoir quitté leur pays natal pour faire de Paris leur ville d’adoption ou leur terrain d’expérimentations. Fashion Mix retrace l’histoire de la mode française par le prisme de l’histoire de l’immigration, et révèle comment la haute couture et le prêt-à-porter parisien se sont enrichis de ces différents parcours au point de proclamer Paris capitale internationale de la mode

Capitales européennes et diversité culturelle

A l'occasion de l'exposition Paris-Londres, Music Migrations, 1962-1989, la revue publie certaines contributions d'un séminaire de recherche sur la place et le rôle de la diversité culturelle dans quatre capitales européennes (Berlin, Londres, Madrid et Paris). Les articles analysent la manière dont la présence des populations immigrées a pu susciter des transferts et une reconnaissance de leurs ressources culturelles vers les scènes artistiques, culturelles et patrimoniales. L'histoire de ces métropoles montre que l'accueil des artistes étrangers est aussi un vecteur d'hybridation culturelle et de modernité