Impact assessment of Niger State fisheries legislation on fisheries conservation in Edozhigi local government area (L.G.A.) of Niger State

A preliminary survey was conducted among the fishermen in five selected villages in Edozhigi L.G.A. of Niger State. One hundred and fifty fishermen were randomly selected and interviewed to find out the impact of Niger State fisheries legislation on fisheries conservation resources in the area. The analysis of data collected using descriptive statistics indicated that undersized mesh of gill nets, beach seines and traps are being used unabated. Also, fenced barriers across the entrance of flood plain ponds and Ex-bow lakes from the main stream are in the area. The fisheries rules and regulations implementers are rarely seen or not seen at all in the area. The decreasing nature of fish catches was detected. It is observed that government policy on fish conversation is neglected due to inadequate or lack of funding for meaningful extension and implementation of the fisheries rules and regulation

Poverty alleviation among fishermen within the floodplains of Kaduna River: implication for introducing commercial fish farming at village level in Doko local government area of Niger State, Nigeria

A diagnostic survey was conducted among the fishermen in six selected villages in Doko Local Government Area of Niger State. One hundred and fifty fishermen were randomly selected and interviewed to find out whether or not they had interest in commercial fish farming aimed at improving their livelihood. The dwindling fish catches in the natural flood plain ponds and Ex-bow Lakes continue to have a serious negative effect on the socio-economic well being of the village communities in question. A break on natural regular annual flooding of the plains had resulted into very low natural fish recruitment. Data analysis using simple descriptive statistics revealed that land tenure system, educational status, inadequate infrastructural facilities, religious taboos, existing fish species among others were found to be favourable indices for commercial fish farming. However, serious conflicts among the fishermen concerning the ownership status of these natural fish ponds are found to be major obstacles to commercial fish farming despite that the traditional ownership of the ponds were vested in the lands of individuals and village communities. Extensive fish farming and small-scale fish farming in the ponds and Ex-bow Lake with improved management practices are considered to be profitable venture. Despite the fact that fish seeds supply and extension effort are still inadequate, the fish farmers have indicated willingness to adopt commercial fish farming in the Ex-bow Lakes and flood plains in order to restore abundant fish production thereby providing for their food security and also increasing the daily incom

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINUMAN ISOTONIK TERHADAP MEMORI PADA KEADAAN DEHIDRASI

Background: Sport is one of popular activities throughout the world. One of the biggest problems found among athletes in sports is dehydration, which causes many bad health issues for athletes themselves. The bad health issues caused by dehydration, several of them are disturbance and decrease of the memory. Therefore, rehydration is required to overcome the bad effects of dehydration. Aim: To know the effect of rehydration on memory Method: This research uses experimental method. The research subjects are the medical students of Diponegoro University (n=31) whom being dehydrated and rehydrated with isotonic water. Their memories are measured by using code and memory tests. A changing of memories among groups is analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney test. Result: It is found that there is a decrease of memories after dehydrating condition rather than before dehydrating condition. Wilcoxon test shows an increase of memory function after rehydration which is significant in group of isotonic water rehydration (p=0,006) and mineral water rehydration (p=0,026).Otherwise, there is a significant ecrease of memory function in group of non-rehydration (p=0,035). Furthermore, the result of Kruskal Wallis shows the significant difference (p=0,022) in memory test among groups. Conclusion: Dehydration decreases memory function, while rehydration with isotonic and mineral water can significantly increase memory function. Keywords: Rehydration, dehydration, memory, isotonic water, mineral water *Undergraduate of Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Semarang **Staff of Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Semaran

PERANAN SEKOLAH DALAM MENANGGULANGI PERILAKU MENYIMPANG SISWA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI 13 KOTA MAGELANG

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, mendeskripsikan, dan menganalisa tentang: (1) Peranan sekolah untuk menanggulangi perilaku menyimpang siswa SMP Negeri 13 Kota Magelang, (2) Hambatan yang dihadapi sekolah untuk menanggulangi perilaku menyimpang siswa SMP Negeri 13 Kota Magelang, (3) Upaya sekolah dalam mengatasi hambatan yang terjadi untuk menanggulangi perilaku menyimpang siswa di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini ditentukan secara purposive dengan subjek penelitian adalah 1 orang kepala sekolah, 1 orang guru PKn, 1 orang guru BK dan 2 orang siswa. Untuk pengumpulan data penelitian dalam hal ini peneliti sebagai instrumen penelitian dengan menggunakan alat bantu lembar panduan wawancara, dan lembar catatan dokumentasi. Validasi data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik cross check. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut: (1) Peranan sekolah dalam menanggulangi perilaku menyimpang siswa di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Magelang yaitu dilaksanakan dalam bentuk program tahunan sekolah berbasis karakter yang meliputi: (a) aspek pembinaan dan (b) aspek pencegahan penyimpangan siswa. Penekanan dalam program kegiatan ini adalah memang pada pengenalan dan pengamalan/penerapan norma serta nilai-nilai karakter yang diharapkan melalui pembelajaran di sekolah maupun diluar sekolah. Secara teknis pelaksanaan program sekolah berbasis karakter ini dipimpin dan dievaluasi oleh guru PKn sekolah yang menjabat wakil kepala kesiswaan. (2) Hambatan yang dialami sekolah dalam menanggulangi perilaku meyimpang siswa di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Magelang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua faktor hambatan, yaitu: (a) Hambatan dari dalam sekolah meliputi ketidakterbukaan siswa mengenai masalah yang dihadapi serta sulitnya mengembangkan minat belajar siswa, dan (b) Hambatan dari luar sekolah, meliputi tingkat sosial ekonomi rendah, cenderung memberi beban atau menekan proses perkembangan individu siswa sekolah tersebut. (3) Upaya sekolah dalam mengatasi hambatan yang terjadi untuk menanggulangi perilaku menyimpang siswa di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Magelang yaitu pihak sekolah melakukan program pembinaan untuk mengatasi hambatan dari dalam sekolah dan program pencegahan perilaku menyimpang siswa untuk mengatasi hambatan yang terjadi dari luar sekolah. Kata Kunci: perilaku menyimpang, menanggulangi, sekolah, perana

Biotechnology-2014 biodegradation performance of phenol by free and alginate entrapped cells of Haloarcula strain D21, an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern (Ain Salah, Algeria)

Immobilization is a general term that describes many different forms of cell attachment or entrapment. These different forms include encapsulation of cells in a polymer-gel and entrapment in a matrix. The Advantages of these techniques are to reduced possibility of inoculum contamination during storage, transport and application. So, beads are non toxic, biodegradable and non-polluting and can be produced in large quantities, stored for extended periods. Moreover, phenols and phenolic compounds are widely distributed as environmental pollutants due to their common presence in the effluents of many industrial processes, including oil refineries, ceramic plants, coal conversion process, phenolic resins, pharmaceutical and food Industries. The aim of this study was to compare the biodegradation performance of phenol by using free and encapsulated cells of Haloarcula strain D21 isolated from crude oil contaminated saline water collected at Ain Salah in Algeria. Batch experiments were carried out in order to obtain the maximum phenol degradation rates by analyzing the influence of the immobilization in calcium-alginate gel beads on biodegradation performanc

A Command and Query Language Assembler for an Extended Data Management System

For a data management system with information storage and retrieval capabilities a language is needed by which a user of the system can specify the records he wishes to retrieve and the operations he wishes to perform on these records. The Command and Query Language under discussion was developed to meet these needs for the extended data management system. Its development was divided into two spheres of responsibility. The first sphere, referred to as the Assembler, centers on the routines needed for accepting and translating user requests. The second sphere centers on those routines needed for executing the translated requests. These routines are called collectively the Interpreter. The design of the Command and Query Language and the implementation of the Assembler is the topic of this report. Basically, the Language enables the user to specify the records by means of the logical and arithmetic expression of keywords. Since program names may be keywords, the user can specify operations (to be performed on records) with keyword expressions as well The design of the Language involves the following steps: (1) Define the requirements of the Language. (2) Define the (external) syntax and semantics of the Language. (3) Design an internal form of the Language to allow efficient processing by the Interpreter. The design and implementation of the Assembler will result in the necessary routines which can check the syntax of the Language and transform the Language from its external syntax to internal form

The role of synthetic growth hormones in crop multiplication and improvement

Crop improvement through conventional methods to provide food security for the ever growing population has several limitations. Modern plant biotechnology has held promise over the years to improve outputs from plants. The use of growth hormones as a way of improving plant yield through micro propagation and somatic embryogenesis is the focus of this paper. Improved and disease resistant crops could easily be made available to farmers if the use of synthetic growth hormones for plantlet regeneration is vigorously pursued. In this technique, hormones like auxins, cytokinines and gibberellins could be made available at reduced cost to users for rapid multiplication of cultivated crops.Key words: Crop improvement, auxins, cytokinines, gibberellins