21 research outputs found

    Pilot Study on the Vibration Behavior of TCC Laminated Deck Systems

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    The timber concrete composite (TCC) deck system is a new technology that consists of timber and concrete composite structures but remains uncommon in Malaysia. TCC is a structural system where timber beams and concrete slabs are combined to form a composite material, resisting tensile stress and compressive stress, respectively. The addition of concrete slabs protects timber beams from direct contact with water, which is crucial to ensure the durability of timber beams. Different types of connectors can be used to provide force exchange between concrete slabs and timber beams. This research was conducted to study the vibration behavior of timber-concrete composite deck systems with or without concrete topping. The deck was constructed using twenty pieces of sawn timber measuring 3.6m x 0.09 m with a concrete topping of 0.065m. Experimental tests were conducted using an electrodynamic shaker with a frequency range of 1 Hz to 200 Hz. The shaker was placed on a laminated deck as vertical force and 15 accelerometers were used as output data collectors. Me´scope and SAP2000 package were used for data analysis. The natural frequency values of the first mode shape with and without concrete topping based on Me´scope analysis are 12.8Hz and 16.9Hz, respectively. Meanwhile, the finite element modeling analysis shows that the frequency of the first mode shape with laminated deck without concrete topping is 11.4 Hz while the one with concrete topping is 16.2 Hz. The natural frequencies obtained from the experimental test and the modal analysis are greater than 8 Hz, thereby concluding that the TCC laminated deck system is suitable and comfortable for building occupants

    ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI RAGAM FAUNA INDONESIA BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA

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    ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI RAGAM FAUNA INDONESIA BERBASIS MULTIMEDI

    COâ‚‚-EOR in Shale-Oil Reservoirs based on a Laboratory Database

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    In this chapter, CO2-EOR mechanisms in unconventional reservoirs are introduced, and the early lab and simulation studies, which investigated the fundamentals of CO2-EOR in unconventional reservoirs, are presented. Data are analyzed to determine the feasibility of CO2-EOR in 95 cases of natural preserved cores collected from different formations, including 44 cases from the Middle Bakken, 26 cases from the Lower Bakken, 17 cases from the Upper Bakken, 4 cases from Three Forks, and 4 cases from an unknown formation/formations. The relationship between the improved oil recovery achieved by the CO2 injection and six rock properties, including porosity, permeability, mean pore throat radius, total organic carbon content (TOC), water saturation, and oil saturation, has been separately determined and is discussed here. Furthermore, the relationships between the improved oil recovery achieved by the injected CO2 and four operating parameters, including pressure, temperature, core sample bulk volume, and exposure time, have also been separately investigated. A proxy model to associate the functionality of the improved oil recovery by CO2 injection and these 10 parameters has been constructed. Moreover, statistical methods for the design of experiments (DOEs) have been used to rank the most important parameters affecting CO2-EOR performance in the microscale level (lab scale) of these unconventional reservoirs. This chapter provides an important set of lab-based data obtained from natural preserved cores to determine the applicability of CO2-EOR in these unconventional reservoirs. Also, this research demonstrates some key points which could help in understanding CO2-EOR mechanisms in shale plays because they are very complex and much different from conventional formations

    Skin problems in children under five years old at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia

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    Objective: To examine the prevalence of cutaneous disorders in children under 5 years old who attended a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 26 to February 20, 2015 in children under 5 years old who attended Gambo Rural Hospital in West Arsi of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Results: A total of 324 children were included (59.6% male) whose median age was 16.4 months. In total, 147 children [45.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 40.0%–50.8%] under 5 years had a skin problem, of which 101 (68.7%) consulted for that reason. The other 46 (31.3%) consulted for a general health problem and the dermatological condition was a secondary finding during the physical exploration. In 93 children (28.7%; 95% CI: 20%–33.8%), it was the main disease, and in 54 children (16.5%; 95% CI: 13.0%–21.1%) it was concomitant with other diseases. The most common dermatological disease was scabies (n = 44, 13.6%; 95% CI: 10.3%–17.7%). Impetigo was diagnosed in 32 children (9.9%; 95% CI: 7.1%–13.3%), of which 23 (71.9%) had complicated impetigo. Nineteen children (5.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%–9.0%) had eczema, 10 (3.1%) had eczema associated to other conditions. The following most frequent skin problems were tinea (n = 9; 2.8%), infected wound and ulcer (n = 7; 2.2%), and burns (n = 6; 1.9%). Conclusions: Skin problems, mainly scabies, impetigo, and eczema were common in young children attended at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia. Children under 5 years should be examined thoroughly to rule out skin diseases, especially scabies

    The Effect of Concrete Topping Thickness on the Vibration Response of Prestressed and Precast Hollow Core Flooring Systems

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    In the field of floor vibration, there is a need to consider several vibration parameters. Mass, stiffness, damping and frequency are the most common causes of excessive vibration to floor systems. However, there is a need for better understanding of vibration caused by the interaction between stiffness and added mass by concrete topping. This paper presents a vibration behaviour analysis on the effects of concrete topping on prestressed and precast hollow core floor (PPHCF) systems. Experimental modal analysis (EMA) was performed on a selected floor area in a four-storey office building by conducting an ambient test. From the EMA, the results were further verified using finite element analysis (FEA). During the FEA, numerical dynamic analysis was conducted with the implementation of the finite element model by increasing the topping thickness. For thickness ranging between 0mm to 350mm with an interval of 25mm, the optimum value of concrete topping thickness was 150mm. From the analysis, the behaviour of the floor systems with concrete toppings measuring lower than 150mm thick was found to be dominated by mass whereas for concrete toppings measuring more than 150mm thick, the behaviour of the floor system was found to be dominated by stiffness
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