Study of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in women with breast cancer

Oncology patients experience a large number of symptoms and, those referring to cognitive performance has an ever-increasing importance in clinical practice, due to the increase in survival rates and interest in the patient’s quality of life. The studies reviewed showed that chemotherapy-related cognitive impairmentmight occur in 15 and 50% of oncology patients. The main objective of this research was to study the impact of chemotherapy on the cognitive function of patients with locoregional breast cancer. Method: Analytical, prospective, longitudinal study using three measures, unifactorial intrasubject design, non-probability, and random selection sampling. The sample comprisedwomen newly diagnosedwith locoregional breast cancer in stages I, II, IIIA who received chemotherapy at the University Hospital of Salamanca (Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca), randomly selected for three years. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, HAD); quality of life (QLQ-BR23 scale) and the following cognitive variables were assessed—processing speed, attention, memory, and executive functions (subtests of theWechsler Intelligence Scale and the TrailMaking Test). Results: The final sample size included 151 participants; 23 were excluded. A decline in cognitive performance was observed in patients, which did not completely recover two months after chemotherapy was completed. Additionally, worse cognitive performance was observed in patients with anxious or depressive symptoms. There was a negative impact on the quality of life. Conclusion: Chemotherapy had an impact on the cognitive performance of oncology patients in most cognitive domains studied

Study on the socio-economic impact of cancer disease on cancer patients and their relatives

Cancer is one of the most relevant social and health problems in the world. The disease entails additional costs for cancer patients and their families that are not covered by the public part of our welfare state, and which they assume themselves simply because they are ill. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyse the additional cost and socioeconomic impact of cancer disease on patients diagnosed with cancer disease and their families. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional randomised observational epidemiological study without replacement with prevalence of cancer disease in the study base, carried out in the Medical Oncology Service of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Spain. Results: The study variable has been the additional cost of the cancer disease for cancer patients and their families that is not covered by our autonomous health system. Conclusions: Cancer disease entails an additional cost for the patient and family; more specifically, for 55% of the patients in the study sample, the diagnosis of cancer represents extra expenditure of between 8.38–9.67% of their annual income. Furthermore, the disability and dependence of patients does not represent an additional cost due to their levels of functionality, but it can have repercussions on the future cost of the evolution of the disease, in addition to the fact of having cancer

El tratamiento de la edad del menor infractor en Alemania y España

En este trabajo se va a analizar el tratamiento de la edad del menor infractor desde una perspectiva comparada estudiando los ordenamientos jurídicos español y alemán para poder establecer diferencias y similitudes entre ellos. Para ello se expondrá la concepción jurídica del menor infractor de cada país, así como las consecuencias jurídicas de ambos sistemas juveniles. Comprobaremos que, aunque los dos ordenamientos juveniles tienen un enfoque educativo y se orientan a través del principio de interés superior del menor, cada uno tiene su principio rector: el de la intervención mínima en caso de Alemania y, el educativo-sancionador, en España. Además, examinaremos la diferencia de criterios que cada sistema juvenil aplica para atribuirle responsabilidad penal a un menor: el de discernimiento, en Alemania, imponiendo una presunción de responsabilidad condicionada y, el biológico, en España, presuponiendo la responsabilidad de una determinada franja de edad.<br /

Developmental genoarchitectonics as a key tool to interpret the mature anatomy of the chondrichthyan hypothalamus according to the prosomeric model

The hypothalamus is a key vertebrate brain region involved in survival and physiological functions. Understanding hypothalamic organization and evolution is important to deciphering many aspects of vertebrate biology. Recent comparative studies based on gene expression patterns have proposed the existence of hypothalamic histogenetic domains (paraventricular, TPa/PPa; subparaventricular, TSPa/PSPa; tuberal, Tu/RTu; perimamillary, PM/PRM; and mamillary, MM/RM), revealing conserved evolutionary trends. To shed light on the functional relevance of these histogenetic domains, this work aims to interpret the location of developed cell groups according to the prosomeric model in the hypothalamus of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, a representative of Chondrichthyans (the sister group of Osteichthyes, at the base of the gnathostome lineage). To this end, we review in detail the expression patterns of ScOtp, ScDlx2, and ScPitx2, as well as Pax6-immunoreactivity in embryos at stage 32, when the morphology of the adult catshark hypothalamus is already organized. We also propose homologies with mammals when possible. This study provides a comprehensive tool to better understand previous and novel data on hypothalamic development and evolutionThis work was supported by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad – Agencia Estatal de Investigación (grant No. BFU2017-89861-P) partially financed by the European Social Fund, and by Xunta de Galicia (grant No. ED431C 2021/18)S

Regionalization of the Shark Hindbrain: A Survey of an Ancestral Organization

Cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyans) represent an ancient radiation of vertebrates currently considered the sister group of the group of gnathostomes with a bony skeleton that gave rise to land vertebrates. This out-group position makes chondrichthyans essential in assessing the ancestral organization of the brain of jawed vertebrates. To gain knowledge about hindbrain evolution we have studied its development in a shark, the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula by analyzing the expression of some developmental genes and the origin and distribution of specific neuronal populations, which may help to identify hindbrain subdivisions and boundaries and the topology of specific cell groups. We have characterized three developmental periods that will serve as a framework to compare the development of different neuronal systems and may represent a suitable tool for comparing the absolute chronology of development among vertebrates. The expression patterns of Pax6, Wnt8, and HoxA2 genes in early embryos of S. canicula showed close correspondence to what has been described in other vertebrates and helped to identify the anterior rhombomeres. Also in these early embryos, the combination of Pax6 with protein markers of migrating neuroblasts (DCX) and early differentiating neurons (general: HuC/D; neuron type specific: GAD, the GABA synthesizing enzyme) revealed the organization of S. canicula hindbrain in both transverse segmental units corresponding to visible rhombomeres and longitudinal columns. Later in development, when the interrhombomeric boundaries fade away, accurate information about S. canicula hindbrain subdivisions was achieved by comparing the expression patterns of Pax6 and GAD, serotonin (serotoninergic neurons), tyrosine hydroxylase (catecholaminergic neurons), choline acetyltransferase (cholinergic neurons), and calretinin (a calcium-binding protein). The patterns observed revealed many topological correspondences with other vertebrates and led to reconsideration of the current view of the elasmobranch hindbrain segmentation as peculiar among vertebrates

Implementación de un modelo de interacción Responseware en Grados de Ciencias de la Salud

Memoria ID-0164. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

Diseño y aplicación de la rúbrica en la evaluación de los Trabajos de fin de Máster y análisis del grado de aceptación del profesorado

Memoria ID-149. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Interactiva mediante el sistema responseware en el master universitario en tratamiento de soporte y cuidados paliativos en el enfermo oncológico.

Memoria ID-052. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Prosomeric organization of the hypothalamus in an elasmobranch, the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula

The hypothalamus has been a central topic in neuroanatomy because of its important physiological functions, but its mature organization remains elusive. Deciphering its embryonic and adult organization is crucial in an evolutionary approach of the organization of the vertebrate forebrain. Here we studied the molecular organization of the hypothalamus and neighboring telencephalic domains in a cartilaginous fish, the catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula, focusing on ScFoxg1a, ScShh, ScNkx2.1, ScDlx2/5, ScOtp, and ScTbr1 expression profiles and on the identification αacetylated-tubulin-immunoreactive (ir), TH-ir, 5-HT-ir, and GFAP-ir structures by means of immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the results within the updated prosomeric model framework support the existence of alar and basal histogenetic compartments in the hypothalamus similar to those described in the mouse, suggesting the ancestrality of these subdivisions in jawed vertebrates. These data provide new insights into hypothalamic organization in cartilaginous fishes and highlight the generality of key features of the prosomeric model in jawed vertebrates.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Dirección General de Investigación-FEDER (BFU2010- 15816), the Xunta de Galicia (10PXIB200051PR, CN 2012/237), European Community-Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Specific Programme (ASSEMBLE 227799), the Région Centre, Région Bretagne (EVOVERT grant number 049755; PEPTISAN project), National Research Agency (grant ANR-09-BLAN-026201), CNRS, Université d’Orléans and Université Pierre et Marie Curie. GNSD would like to thank Spanish SEPE for its funding supportS

Implementación de un programa de formación teórico-práctica en habilidades clínicas en el Máster Universitario en Tratamiento de Sporte y Cuidados Paliativos en el Enfermo Oncológico

Memoria ID-0080. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015