Impact of anesthesia on some of physiological parameters in Acipenser nudiventris

Impact of anesthesia with electric shock on some of physiological parameters was studied in in Acipenser nudiventris in this study, we investigated the induction and recovery times and physiological response of Acipenser nudiventris. We anesthetized them by CO2 (mmhg), clove powder (mg/L), and electric shock (V). Shortest and longest induction time were 0.15 min and 4.25 min when electric shock and clove powder were used. On the other hand, shortest and longest time of recovery time were 3.23 min and 2. 20 min respectively when electric shock and CO2 gas were used. Cortisol and glucose levels increased 1 and 6 hours after anesthesia. Changes in plasma osmolality were less among the anesthesia treatments. Results demonstrated that electric shock was a more effective method for quick induction time, although all anesthetic methods were found to be safe

Does Ontology Rest on a Mistake?

[Stephen Yablo] The usual charge against Carnap's internal/external distinction is one of 'guilt by association with analytic/synthetic'. But it can be freed of this association, to become the distinction between statements made within make-believe games and those made outside them-or, rather, a special case of it with some claim to be called the metaphorical/literal distinction. Not even Quine considers figurative speech committal, so this turns the tables somewhat. To determine our ontological commitments, we have to ferret out all traces of nonliterality in our assertions; if there is no sensible project of doing that, there is no sensible project of Quinean ontology. /// [Andre Gallois] I discuss Steve Yablo's defence of Carnap's distinction between internal and external questions. In the first section I set out what I take that distinction, as Carnap draws it, to be, and spell out a central motivation Carnap has for invoking it. In the second section I endorse, and augment, Yablo's response to Quine's arguments against Carnap. In the third section I say why Carnap's application of the distinction between internal and external questions runs into trouble. In the fourth section I spell out what I take to be Yablo's version of Carnap. In the last I say why that version is especially vulnerable to the objection raised in the second

Does Ontology Rest On A Mistake?

The usual charge against Carnap's internal/external distinction is one of `guilt by association with analytic/synthetic'. But it can be freed of this association, to become the distinction between statements made within makebelieve games and those made outside them---or, rather, a special case of it with some claim to be called the metaphorical/literal distinction. Not even Quine considers figurative speech committal, so this turns the tables somewhat. To determine our ontological commitments, we have to ferret out all traces of nonliterality in our assertions; if there is no sensible project of doing that, there is no sensible project of Quinean ontology

Interpretation of care guidelines for obese women in labor: intergroup language and social identity

The hospital-based care of pregnant women who are obese is complex. Current guidelines recommend early epidural analgesia, but there is disagreement about the guidelines and their implementation by anesthesiologists. In this study, we conducted semistructured interviews with 42 specialist anesthesiologists about their experiences implementing the “early epidural” recommendation. We examined the impact of intergroup identity and system factors on the language used by anesthesiologists to express their experiences, framing the work by social identity and communication accommodation theory. Leximancer text mining was used to elicit the dominant theme “epidural” in the interviews, and discourse analysis aided in exploring selected extracts. Findings indicated that anesthesiologists expressed their role primarily as technical experts, along with the core value of accommodating patients’ wishes. Furthermore, the extent to which they were prepared to accommodate the perspective of other health professionals was a key indicator of the intergroup climate

Post-translational modifications of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in colorectal cancer: An update

The biosynthesis of prostanoids is involved in both physiological and pathological processes. The expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; also known as COX-2) has been traditionally associated to the onset of several pathologies, from inflammation to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and oncologic events. For this reason, the search of selective PTGS2 inhibitors has been a focus for therapeutic interventions. In addition to the classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective and specific PTGS2 inhibitors, termed coxibs, have been generated and widely used. PTGS2 activity is less restrictive in terms of substrate specificity than the homeostatic counterpart PTGS1, and it accounts for the elevated prostanoid synthesis that accompanies several pathologies. The main regulation of PTGS2 occurs at the transcription level. In addition to this, the stability of the mRNA is finely regulated through the interaction with several cytoplasmic elements, ranging from specific microRNAs to proteins that control mRNA degradation. Moreover, the protein has been recognized to be the substrate for several post-translational modifications that affect both the enzyme activity and the targeting for degradation via proteasomal and non-proteasomal mechanisms. Among these modifications, phosphorylation, glycosylation and covalent modifications by reactive lipidic intermediates and by free radicals associated to the pro-inflammatory condition appear to be the main changes. Identification of these post-translational modifications is relevant to better understand the role of PTGS2 in several pathologies and to establish a correct analysis of the potential function of this protein in diseases progress. Finally, these modifications can be used as biomarkers to establish correlations with other parameters, including the immunomodulation dependent on molecular pathological epidemiology determinants, which may provide a better frame for potential therapeutic interventions.Supported by Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, No. SAF2017-82436R and SAF2016-75004R; Comunidad de Madrid, No. S2017/BMD-3686; Fundación Ramón Areces, No. 2016/CIVP18A3864; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III and by Fondos FEDER, No. Cibercv and CiberehdPeer reviewe

Genotoxicant accumulation and cellular defence activation in bivalves chronically exposed to waterborne contaminants from the Seine River

International audienc