En el contexto de la guardería: enfermería y sus representaciones de cuidado infantil como un acto educativo

This study aimed to analyze the social representations in the professionals of technical staff, who work with children at USP daycare centers. Eight professionals of the nursing field underwent a semi-structured interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in their entirety and the content of the discourse was subjected to thematic-categorical analysis. The categories were transformed into variables and processed by the software Classification Hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohésitive (CHIC®) and analyzed by the hierarchical similarity tree. The results indicate that actions to promote health are reported as educational and transformative, in which health care gains new meaning through contextualized conceptions in the field of child education. We conclude that professionals attribute new meanings to their practices in the health care environment of daycare centers as their representations shifts from the logic of the biomedical field to a logic of educational care. In this sense, they perceive themselves as being challenged to establish an interaction with the children in terms of their activities related to the promotion of health and in an educational act.O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as representações sociais dos profissionais das equipes técnicas que trabalham nas creches da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Foram entrevistados oito profissionais da área de enfermagem com o uso de um roteiro semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra e o conteúdo submetido à análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. As categorias foram transformadas em variáveis, processadas pelo software Classification Hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohésitive (CHIC®) e analisadas pela árvore hierárquica de similaridade (cluster multinível). Os resultados indicam que as ações acerca da promoção à saúde são relatadas como educativas e transformadoras, em que o cuidado em saúde ganha novos significados por meio de concepções contextualizadas no campo da educação infantil. Conclui-se que os profissionais ressignificam suas práticas de cuidado em saúde no ambiente das creches em que as representações transitam da lógica biomédica do cuidar para uma lógica educativa do cuidado. Neste sentido, se percebem desafiados na interação que estabelecem com as crianças acerca de sua atuação vinculada à promoção da saúde e ao ato de educar.El objetivo de la investigación estudio fue analizar las representaciones sociales de los técnicos profesionales que trabajan en los centro de atención infantil de la Universidad de São Paulo (USP). Ocho profesionales de enfermería fueron entrevistados mediante un semi-estructurada guión. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas y sometidas al análisis de contenido temático-categorial. Las categorías se transformaron en variables procesadas por hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohesiva software Clasificación (CHIC®) y analizados por similitud árbol jerárquico (clúster de múltiples niveles). Los resultados indican que las acciones sobre promoción de la salud se reportan como educativo y transformador, en que la atención de la salud adquiere nuevos significados a través de concepciones contextualizadas en el campo de la educación infantil. Llegamos a la conclusión de que los profesionales atribuyen nuevos significados a sus prácticas en el ámbito sanitario de los centro de atención infantil sus representaciones turnos desde la lógica del campo de la biomedicina a la lógica de la atención educativa. En este sentido, los propios que perciben al ser desafiados a establecerse una interacción con los niños en términos de sus actividades relacionadas con la promoción de la salud y en un acto educativo

PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPACT OF PARENTAL MENTAL HEALTH ON ADULT CHILDREN

This study sought to gain further understanding of the perceptions of parental mental illness on adult children. Previous research suggests that parental mental illness may create generational trauma that impacts children even into adulthood. This study used a qualitative, exploratory approach, including in-depth interviews with eight individuals who grew up with a parent or caretaker with a mental illness. The participants ranged from ages 18 to 45 and came from various cultural and socioeconomic statuses. The interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide that the researchers designed. The findings of this study suggest that most of the participants used their experience as an opportunity to grow, trying to be better than their parents despite their own mental health struggles. It also shows that there is no guarantee that a parent’s mental illness to manifest itself in their children. Furthermore, age appears to affect how experiences are presented, with older participants giving more depth and detail. Birth order shows significance as well, as younger siblings may not see behaviors as abnormal while older siblings do

Cardiovascular Responses To Postural Change And Aerobic Capacity In Middle-aged Men And Women Before And After Aerobic Physical Training

Objective: To compare the cardiovascular responses to passive postural maneuvers (tilt test) and the cardiorespiratory capacity in middle-aged men and women, before and after aerobic physical training. Methods: Seven men (44.6±2.1 years old) and seven women (51.7±4.8 years old) participated in aerobic physical training for 12 weeks. The tilt test protocol (five minutes supine, ten minutes tilted at 70° and five minutes supine) was followed, with arterial blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. A cycle ergometer protocol was used to measure cardiorespiratory capacity. Results: In the sedentary condition, men showed greater parasympathetic influence in heart rate control, as demonstrated by their higher RR interval (iRR) during the tilt test. After training, the iRR values became more similar in the two groups, although the women had higher iRR in the supine position and the men continued to present higher iRR under tilted conditions. The women's blood pressures continued to be higher after training, but heart rate tended to become similar in the two groups. The cardiorespiratory capacity patterns in the two groups were similar after training. Except for absolute heart rate values, for which there were no differences between the groups, the men's values were higher than those of the women for all other variables. It was also observed that, after the training, the women's blood pressures were significantly lower, even though their pressures remained higher than the men's. Conclusions: The training seemed to reduce the women's arterial blood pressure levels and improve both groups' cardiorespiratory capacity, but the men continued to present better performance than the women.125392400Pollock, M.L., Dawson, G.A., Physiologic responses of men 49 to 65 years of age to endurance training (1976) J Am Geriatr Soc, 24 (3), pp. 97-104Haddock, B.L., Marshak, H.P.H., Mason, J.J., Blix, G., The effect of hormone replacement therapy and exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women (2000) Sports Med, 29 (1), pp. 39-49Liu, C.C., Kuo, T.B., Yang, C.C., Effects of estrogen on gender-related autonomic differences in humans (2003) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 285 (5), pp. H2188-H2193Rosano, G.M., Vitale, C., Fini, M., Hormone replacement therapy and cardioprotection: What is good and what is bad for the cardiovascular system? (2006) Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci, 1092, pp. 341-348Ghorayeb N, Baptista CA, Dioguardi GS, Reginatto LE. 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Baltimore: Williams &ampWilkins;Kuo, T.B., Lin, T., Yang, C.C., Li, C.L., Chen, C.F., Chou, P., Effect of aging on gender differences in neural control of heart rate (1999) Am J Physiol, 277 (6 PART 2), pp. H2233-H2239Evans, J.M., Ziegler, M.G., Patwardhan, A.R., Ott, J.B., Kim, C.S., Leonelli, F.M., Gender differences in autonomic cardiovascular regulation: Spectral, hormonal, and hemodynamic indexes (2001) J Appl Physiol, 91 (6), pp. 2611-2618Pikkujämsä, S.M., Mäkikallio, T.H., Airaksinen, K.E., Huikuri, H.V., Determinants and interindividual variation of R-R interval dynamics in healthy middle-aged subjects (2001) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 280 (3), pp. H1400-H1406Neves, V.F., Silva de, S.M., Gallo Jr, L., Catai, A.M., Martins, L.E., Crescêncio, J.C., Autonomic modulation of heart rate of young and postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy (2007) Braz J Med Biol Res, 40 (4), pp. 491-499(2005) ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription/ACSM, , American College of Sports Medicine, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;Maciel, B.C., Gallo Júnior, L., Marin Neto, J.A., Lima Filho, E.C., Terra Filho, J., Manço, J.C., Parasympathetic contribution to bradycardia induced by endurance training in man (1985) Cardiovasc Res, 19 (10), pp. 642-648Martinelli, F.S., (1996) Respostas da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial sistêmica às manobras postural passiva e de valsalva, em indivíduos sedentários e atletas corredores de longa distância, , dissertação, Campinas: Unicamp;Goldsmith, R.L., Bigger Jr, J.T., Steinman, R.C., Fleiss, J.L., Comparison of 24-hour parasympathetic activity in endurance-trained and untrained young men (1992) J Am Coll. Cardiol, 20 (3), pp. 552-558Shin, K., Minamitani, H., Onishi, S., Yamazaki, H., Lee, M., Autonomic differences between athletes and nonathletes: Spectral analysis approach (1997) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29 (11), pp. 1482-1490Seals, D.R., Taylor, J.A., Ng, A.V., Esler, M.D., Exercise and aging: Autonomic control of the circulation (1994) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 26 (5), pp. 568-576Chacon-Mikahil, M.P.T., (1998) Estudo da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca nos domínios do tempo e da freqüência antes e após o treinamento aeróbio em homens de meia idade [tese], , Campinas: Unicamp;Laitinen, T., Niskanen, L., Geelen, G., Länsimies, E., Hartikainen, J., Age dependency of cardiovascular autonomic responses to head-up tilt test in healthy subjects (2004) J Appl Physiol, 96 (6), pp. 2333-2340Gordon, C.C., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Stature, Recumbent Length, Weight (1988) Anthropometric standardizing reference manual, pp. 3-8. , Lohman TG et al, editores, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Books;Wasserman, K., Whipp, B.J., Koyl, S.N., Beaver, W.L., Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise (1973) J Appl Physiol, 35 (2), pp. 236-243Montano, N., Ruscone, T.G., Porta, A., Lombardi, F., Pagani, M., Malliani, A., Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance during graded orthostatic tilt (1994) Circulation, 90 (4), pp. 1826-1831Shoemaker, J.K., Hogeman, C.S., Khan, M., Kimmerly, D.S., Sinoway, L.I., Gender affects sympathetic and hemodynamic response to postural stress (2001) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 281 (5), pp. H2028-H2035Bigger Jr, J.T., Fleiss, J.L., Steinman, R.C., Rolnitzky, L.M., Kleiger, R.E., Rottman, J.N., Correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability two weeks after acute myocardial infarction (1992) Am J Cardiol, 69 (9), pp. 891-898Almeida, M.B.E., Araújo, C.G.S., Effects of aerobic training on heart rate (2003) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 9 (2), pp. 113-120Yataco, A.R., Fleisher, L.A., Katzel, L.I., Heart rate variability and cardiovascular fitness in senior athletes (1997) Am J Cardiol, 80 (10), pp. 1389-1391Rennie, K.L., Hemingway, H., Kumari, M., Brunner, E., Malik, M., Marmot, M., Effects of moderate and vigorous physical activity on heart rate variability in a British study of civil servants (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 158 (2), pp. 135-14

Entrevistas narrativas: um importante recurso em pesquisa qualitativa

Objetivo Este estudio es un aporte metodológico en que se explica y destaca el alcance y la fertilidad de la entrevista narrativa en la investigación cualitativa. Método Describir el método de la narrativa en la investigación cualitativa. Resultados El método de investigación cualitativa se caracteriza por abordar las cuestiones relacionadas con las singularidades del campo y de las personas encuestadas, siendo las entrevistas narrativas un método potente para uso de los investigadores que toman posesión de ella. Permiten que la profundización de la investigación, la combinación de historias de vida con los contextos socio-históricos e la comprensión de los sentidos que producen cambios en las creencias y valores que motivan y justifican las acciones de los posibles informantes. Conclusion El uso de la narrativa se presenta un recurso de investigación ventajosa en la investigación cualitativa, la narrativa es una forma tradicional de comunicación cuyo objetivo es servir contenido a partir de la que se pueden transmitir las experiencias subjetivas.Objetives This methodological study explain and emphasize the extent and fertility of the narrative interview in qualitative research. Methods To describe the narrative method within the qualitative research. Results The qualitative research method is characterized by addressing issues related to the singularities of the field and individuals investigated, being the narrative interviews a powerful method for use by researchers who aggregate it. They allow the deepening of research, the combination of life stories with socio-historical contexts, making the understanding of the senses that produce changes in the beliefs and values that motivate and justify the actions of possible informants. Conclusion The use of narrative is an advantageous investigative resource in qualitative research, in which the narrative is a traditional form of communication whose purpose is to serve content from which the subjective experiences can be transmitted.Objetivo Este trabalho consiste numa contribuição metodológica em que se explicitam e se enfatizam o alcance e a fecundidade da entrevista narrativa no âmbito da investigação de natureza qualitativa. Método Descrever o método da narrativa no âmbito da investigação qualitativa. Resultados O método qualitativo de pesquisa caracteriza-se por abordar questões relacionadas às singularidades do campo e dos indivíduos pesquisados, sendo as entrevistas narrativas um método potente para uso dos investigadores que dele se apropriam. Elas permitem o aprofundamento das investigações, a combinação de histórias de vida com contextos sócio–históricos, tornando possível a compreensão dos sentidos que produzem mudanças nas crenças e valores que motivam e justificam as ações dos informantes. Conclusão As narrativas mostram-se muito úteis em estudos de abordagem qualitativa, uma vez que a narratividade é uma forma artesanal de comunicação cujo objetivo é veicular conteúdos a partir dos quais as experiências subjetivas podem ser transmitidas