Disguised employment relationship : fruit growing origins at Río Negro

La explotación frutícola en el territorio del Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén expresa el modo de reproducción capitalista entre 1930-1965. Este período se inicia con la crisis de 1930 y atraviesa la industrialización desarrollista y el intento de industrialización peronista, y luego evoluciona, de manera paulatina, hacia una concentración aguda del capital, a pesar de los cambios adoptados en las formas institucionales como fundamento del crecimiento emanado por las regularidades económicas y del orden social. Los efectos de esta configuración concentrada, sumados a un régimen de acumulación extravertido y al origen extranjero de los agentes líderes que participan del proceso, promovieron la constitución de relaciones asimétricas entre productores primarios y empresas comercializadoras-empacadoras. Esto evidencia una consolidación acelerada de la relación salarial no regulada, cuestión que buscamos debatir en este trabajo. Con ese objetivo, se recupera aquí parte de una investigación realizada en el marco de una tesis de doctorado, en clave del recorte temporal y del circuito productivo específico que hace a la producción frutícola rionegrina.The fruit growing activity in the area of the Alto Valle de Río Negro and Neuquén (High Valley of Río Negro and Neuquén) follows the capitalist mode of production that was in place between 1930 and 1965. This period goes from the crisis in 1930 to the developmental industrialization, including the peronist industrialization attempt, gradually evolving into a large concentration of capital, in spite of the changes introduced at the different institutions as a basis for social order and economic regularities. The effects of this concentrated configuration, together with an outgoing accumulation regime and the foreign origin of the leading agents that take part in the process, have fostered asymmetric relationships between primary producers and trading-packing companies; highlighting a fast consolidation of non-regulated employment relationships, which is the topic of the current paper. For that purpose, we have included one section of a study conducted during the course of a Doctoral thesis. This work has been considered in connection with the specific period of time and productive circuit that characterize fruit growing at Río Negro.Fil: Vera, Jorge Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Río NegroFil: Gallo, Mahuén. Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales “Scalabrini Ortiz

FOXN1 Deficiency: from the Discovery to Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Since the discovery of FOXN1 deficiency, the human counterpart of the nude mouse, a growing body of evidence investigating the role of FOXN1 in thymus and skin, has been published. FOXN1 has emerged as fundamental for thymus development, function, and homeostasis, representing the master regulator of thymic epithelial and T cell development. In the skin, it also plays a pivotal role in keratinocytes and hair follicle cell differentiation, although the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain to be fully elucidated. The nude severe combined immunodeficiency phenotype is indeed characterized by the clinical hallmarks of athymia with severe T cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in the field and give interesting perspective about new and promising therapeutic approaches for disorders of immune system with athymia

Aprimoramento de um periódico: a experiência do Instituto Agronômico

São apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a editoração de "O Agronômico", periódico do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. Relatam-se dados históricos de sua criação e evolução, mediante análise dos 39 volumes publicados. Sua penetração e divulgação são abordadas, destacando-se a organização atual de sua editoraçã

Avaliação de periódicos brasileiros: um estudo na área de agricultura

Brazilian journals of Agriculture classified as Scientific, Technical and Technical-Scientific are evaluated through two methods. The first deals with Citation Number and Discipline Impact Factor, two different approaches of Citation Analysis; the second deals with a Model for evaluating Brazilian Scientific and technical journals. A final core journal list, comprising ten journals, was obtained by the intersection of the data of three core journal lists using Citation Number, Discipline Impact Factor and the Model. The methods and core journal lists have some limitations in the evaluation analysis, and need more researches. The Discipline Impact Factor is one that deserves more attention due to the characteristic and pattern of the Brazilian periodical literature. The study shows that Citation Number coincident to the Model bring a support to the final core journal list, that come out with seventeen journals On the hand, it suggests alteration to the Model and justify its application in the improvement of the journals themselves.CAPESAvaliação periódicos brasileiros de Agricultura, classificados em Científicos, Técnicos e Técnico-científicos, quanto a qualidade do seu conteúdo (artigos), através de Frequência de Citação e calculo do Fator de Impacto da Disciplina, e quanto a sua qualidade como canal de comunicação, através da aplicação do Modelo Diretrizes para a avaliação de periódicos científicos e técnicos brasileiros. O núcleo elite de periódicos, compostos de dez títulos, e resultante da intersecção dos núcleos das três medidas aplicadas. Reconhece que, nas condições do estudo e quando comparada com o Fator de Impacto da Disciplina, a Frequência de Citação e menos dependente dos aspectos negativos inerentes a literatura periódica brasileira. Por isso, acrescenta seus resultados, quando coincidentes com os do Modelo, ao núcleo elite, que passa a ter dezessete títulos. Sugere alterações no Modelo, reconhecendo-lhe o valor não apenas para a avaliação, mas também como auxilio para aprimoramento de periódicos

Análisis de instalaciones eléctricas en bodegas

This work is to evaluate and implement control measures necessary to avoid the effects of existing risk factors in electrical systems, meeting the Ecuadorian standard as safety and health’s regulation of workers and improved working environment - Decree 2393, ISO 2631 and 5349, the Mexican Standards NOM-001-based 2005 to electrical installations in warehouses, and other standards of interest. All work is done with the help of qualitative and quantitative methods which are preliminary hazard analysis, risk assessment and the checklist, with which examines the electrical risks and associated in electrical installations in a paint and solvent’s warehouse. Electricity’s risk, fire, explosion, poisoning inside the warehouse. Also, some recommendations are given to safe operation of electrical installations, based on the risks that may affect people who are exposed to the hazards of the installation

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders Based on a Shortened Symptom Questionnaire of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and Its Screening Reliability for Children and Adolescents Aged 7–14 Years

The prevalence and adequacy of diagnostic approaches for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children and adolescents are still matters of debate. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TMD and oral habits in children and adolescents aged 7–14 years and evaluate the consistency between self-reported TMD symptoms and clinical findings using a shortened Axis I of Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD). Children (aged 7–10) and adolescents (aged 11–14) of both sexes were invited to participate in this study (n = 1468). Descriptive statistics for all observed variables and Mann–Whitney U-Tests for the clinical examination were performed. A total of 239 subjects participated in the study (response rate 16.3%). The self-reported prevalence of TMD was found to be 18.8%. The most frequently reported oral habit was nail biting (37.7%), followed by clenching (32.2%) and grinding (25.5%). Self-reported headache increased with age, while clenching and grinding decreased. Based on the answers to the DC/TMD Symptom Questionnaire, subgroups of asymptomatic and symptomatic participants (n = 59; 24.7%) were established and randomly selected for the clinical examination (f = 30). The shortened Symptom Questionnaire showed a sensitivity of 0.556 and a specificity of 0.719 for pain during the clinical examination. Although the Symptom Questionnaire exhibited high specificity (0.933), its sensitivity (0.286) for temporomandibular joint sounds was low. Disc displacement with reduction (10.2%) and myalgia (6.8%) were the most common diagnoses. In conclusion, the self-reported prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents in this study was comparable to that reported in the literature for adults. However, the accuracy of the shortened Symptom Questionnaire as a screening tool for TMD-related pain and jaw sounds in children and adolescents was found to be low

El déficit presupuestario, el imcremento de la deuda y su efecto en el crecimiento económico ecuatoriano: 2010-2014

Gastos públicos.Se procederá analizar la alta intervención del Estado en la economía. En este escenario, el estudio del nivel recaudatorio tanto de los ingresos tributarios y petroleros, para establecer una política de gastos, es una tarea ineludible. Analizar el presupuesto en el período 2007-2014, existe un desequilibrio en las finanzas públicas, principalmente en los últimos tres años que ha traído como consecuencia un endeudamiento agresivo por parte del gobierno que ha incidido en el crecimiento económico.It will proceed to analyze the high state intervention in the economy. In this scenario, the study of the collection level of both tax and oil revenues to establish a policy of spending, is an unavoidable task. Analyze the budget in the period 2007-2014, there is an imbalance in public finances, especially in the last three years has resulted in an aggressive borrowing by the government that has affected economic growth

Estado de la salud en el Per? y distribuci?n y uso de recursos en el sector

El presente documento re?ne en un solo volumen el marco conceptual y los principales hallazgos de los siete componentes de ?An?lisis del Sector Salud en el Per?? (ANSSA-Per?), proyecto desarrollado con participaci?n multiinstitucional y multidisciplinaria entre marzo de 1985 y junio de 1986 y que consisti? en un estudio integral del proceso salud-enfermedad, sus factores condicionantes y la forma como es enfrentado por la sociedad, con la finalidad de proporcionar una base anal?tica para la planificaci?n, la toma de decisiones y la cooperaci?n t?cnica. Los siete componentes fueron los siguientes: i) estado de la salud de la poblaci?n peruana, ii) demanda de la poblaci?n por servicios de salud, iii) participaci?n comunitaria en el mejoramiento de la salud, iv) problem?tica de los medicamentos, v) recursos f?sicos, vi) recursos humanos, vii) financiamiento de los servicios de salud del Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Peruano de Seguridad Social y Sector No P?blico. Se consider? como hip?tesis central de trabajo que la organizaci?n del Sistema Nacional de Servicios de Salud vigentes, la administraci?n gerencial de servicios de salud, y los recursos de salud disponibles no responden a las necesidades de salud de la poblaci?n con eficacia, eficiencia y equidad. Por ello, los resultados permiten identificar los problemas m?s significativos y las alternativas de soluci?n m?s factibles, t?cnica y financieramente, del sector salud, de modo que sirvan de base para propiciar una mayor racionalidad del gasto y explorar formas alternativas de financiamiento

Agronegocios en la costa peruana: desarrollo de cultivos de exportaci?n

Busca se?alar el potencial productivo de la agricultura y la agroindustria de la costa peruana en el corto plazo. Parte de conocer cu?les son las caracter?sticas y cualidades de los factores productivos y su dotaci?n, de modo que, sin incrementarlos, mediante un mejor uso y combinaci?n de estos se pueda aumentar significativamente la productividad y, por ende, la producci?n. Para ello es importante que se trabaje con las mejores ?reas agr?colas, definidas por la calidad de suelos, las condiciones clim?ticas y la dotaci?n de agua, y que, simult?neamente, se logre un manejo moderno de las t?cnicas de cultivo y de la capacidad de gesti?n empresarial en las unidades agropecuarias. Se analiza la cadena de valor de seis productos: mango, lim?n. maracuy?, cebolla, ajo y olivo, cultivados en las tierras agr?colas de mejor calidad. Como resultado, se identifican los diversos eslabones de la cadena ?desde la producci?n hasta el consumo o exportaci?n? que actualmente constituyen cuellos de botella o significan niveles de ineficiencia que impiden que los productos satisfagan las condiciones de calidad, oportunidad y precio necesarias para ser competitivos en los mercados internacionales. El estudio demuestra que la agroindustria es una actividad rentable si se aplican m?todos y t?cnicas apropiados durante la producci?n, transformaci?n, comercializaci?n y en la gesti?n empresarial. Asimismo, ha permitido desarrollar una metodolog?a para llevar a cabo el an?lisis de la cadena de valor y determinar la rentabilidad del producto

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of a New Workflow for the Acquisition of Mandibular Kinematics Based on Portable Tracking System with Passive Optical Reflective Markers

Clinical use of portable optical tracking system in dentistry could improve the analysis of mandibular movements for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A new workflow for the acquisition of mandibular kinematics was developed. Reproducibility of measurements was tested in vitro and intra- and inter-rater repeatability were assessed in vivo in healthy volunteers. Prescribed repeated movements (n = 10) in three perpendicular directions of the tracking-device coordinate system were performed. Measurement error and coefficient of variation (CV) among repetitions were determined. Mandibular kinematics of maximum opening, left and right laterality, protrusion and retrusion of five healthy subjects were recorded in separate sessions by three different operators. Obtained records were blindly examined by three observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Maximum in vitro measurement error was 0.54 mm and CV = 0.02. Overall, excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.90) for each variable, general excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 1.00) for all variables, and good reliability (ICC > 0.75) for inter-rater tests were obtained. A lower score was obtained for retrusion with “moderate reliability” (ICC = 0.557) in the inter-rater tests. Excellent repeatability and reliability in optical tracking of primary movements were observed using the tested portable tracking device and the developed workflow