“From Tension to Cooperation: Complex Interactions Between British Orientalists and Indian Scholars in Calcutta, 1784-1794”

International audienceThis paper is part of a larger research project which aims at revisiting – but not erasing – the history of colonial encounters in India. The present paper shows that, within a context of colonial domination, the personal relationships that both British orientalists and their Indian counterparts engaged in were based on scholarly conviviality and even friendship. These intellectual bonds, as we shall see, clearly run across the usual pattern of colonial domination

Anglo-Arab Literatures: Enmeshing Form, Subverting Assignation, Minorizing Language

When discussing the prose of Franz Kafka and proposing to read it as a case of “minor literature,” Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari guarded against a possible misconception of the term “minor.” “A minor literature,” they explained, “is not the literature of a minor language but a literature a minority makes in a major language” (116). For obvious reasons, this resonates with the literature discussed in this special issue – the first of its kind in France – of Commonwealth Essays and Studies...

Claire Chambers, Britain Through Muslim Eyes. Literary Representations, 1780-1988

Britain Through Muslim Eyes is the first of Claire Chambers’s two-book project and constitutes a decisive contribution not only to the field of postcolonial studies but also to English literature at large. It offers a detailed analysis of works of non-fiction (travelogues and autobiographies) and fiction written in English or in translation by writers of Muslim heritage who travelled, settled, or were born in Britain and then wrote about this experience, and therefore contributed to the inter..

Dominic Davies, Erica Lombard and Benjamin Mountford, eds. Fighting Words: Fifteen Books that Shaped the Postcolonial World

Fighting Words constitutes the inaugural volume of the series “Race and Resistance Across Borders in the Long Twentieth Century” published by Peter Lang. The series borrows its name from one of the flagship networks of The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH) and pursues, in print format, the objectives of the network in studying, from a transdisciplinary perspective, “anti-racist, anti-colonial, transnational or internationalist movements in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Europe, L..

Advances in multi-elementary analysis of fluid or solid micro-crystalline inclusions (12

International audienceX-Ray-based analytical methods can be applied in an absolute fashion, provided that matrix effects are calculated and that parameters related to instrumental factors are controlled (Newbury, 1986). When EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analysis) was conceived at the end of the 60's, this potentiality was abandoned, as the instrument works in a relative fashion, by comparison with standards. At the end of the 70's and in the 80's, PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) by contrast was applied in a way that preserved the possibility of an absolute application: the computer programs developed to interpret PIXE spectra calculate matrix effects and also integrate instrumental factors (e.g., Maxwell et al., 1989). In spite of this advantage, and also despite the fact that PIXE application extends to trace element analysis, the development of PIXE in the scientific community was sluggish, in deep contrast with the widespread applications of EPMA. In the field of Earth Sciences particularly, EPMA was recognized by the Mineralogical Society of America to have had 'a revolutionary, profound impact on mineralogy and petrology'. In the same time, PIXE applications remained mainly restricted to trace element analysis, and the potential accuracy of the method was never clearly realized. A first aim of this presentation is to show that, using a simple standardization procedure, the multi-elementary absolute capability of PIXE can be revealed. This in turn changes PIXE into a tool of quantitative mineralogy and trace element geochemistry. We then show that, by coupling PIXE to PIGE (Proton Induced Gamma Ray Emission) and RBS (Rutherford Back Scattering) spectrometries, the Nuclear Microprobe becomes a tool for quantitative mineralogy s.l. and geochemistry, i.e., an instrument to analyze all major to trace elements from Li to U in minerals and their inclusions. In the second part of the presentation, we illustrate the capability of µ-PIXE to analyze in situ individual fluid inclusions that have been carefully localized in space and time. The Hercynian French Massif Central and its sedimentary eastern margin are part of a large European Carbonic Province, which hosts numerous deep CO2 reservoirs and carbonic springs (Blavoux, Dazy, 1990). Carbonic fluids are present at all stages of the long-lived evolution of this crustal segment, from deep metamorphic fluids involved in a thrusting event at 340 M.a to mantle-derived volcanic CO2 related to Neogene volcanism. In order to characterize the main aquo-carbonic fluid reservoirs through time in this crustal segment, we present preliminary data on the trace element content of aquo-carbonic inclusions trapped in the schists at peak and retrograde metamorphic conditions, and compare them to contemporaneous granite-related fluid inclusion

Training Needs and Development of Online AT Training for Healthcare Professionals in UK and France

Background: Assistive Technology (AT) solutions for people with disabilities has become part of mainstream care provision. Despite advantages of AT on offer, abandonment and non-compliance are challenges for healthcare professionals (HCPs), introducing this technology to clients. Studies of abandonment reveal that 1/3 of all devices provided to service users end up stored unused. Key need is training to make informed decisions about AT tailored to individual needs and circumstances. In an online survey undertaken by the ADAPT project, HPCs identified AT training needs and barriers. Currently, a programme is being developed aimed at introducing AT concepts and enhancing practices to a wide range of HCPs. Method: Survey questions explored gaps, availability, qualifications and barriers to AT training in England and France. A series of consultation meetings with ADAPT partners took place. An advisory group consisting of longstanding AT users and their formal/informal carers and HCPs (occupational therapist, speech and language therapist, psychologist and biomedical engineer) contributed to the discussions on survey findings, development and evaluation of AT training for HCPs, key content areas and means of delivery. Key results: HCPs had no AT specific qualifications (UK 94.6%; FR 81.3%) nor in-service AT training (UK 65.1%; FR 66.4%). They either did not know of AT courses (UK 63.3%) or knew that none existed (FR 72.5%). Barriers to AT training were mainly local training (UK 62.7%, FR 50%) and funding (UK 62.7%, FR 55.7%). Some training priorities were clearer for French HCPs – overall knowledge of AT devices (82.1%, UK 45.8%), customization of AT (65.3%, UK 30.1%), assessing patient holistically (53.4%, UK 25.3%), educating patient/carers (56.5%, UK 28.3%) (p < 0.001). Variances may be due to differing country-specific HCP education approach. A third of both groups highlighted also abandonment, client follow-up, powered wheelchair training and prescribing AT. To bridge gaps in knowledge and identified training needs of HCPs, the online interactive training programme starts by introducing foundations of AT, including definitions, types/uses of AT, legislation/policies and AT in practice. More specialist units build and expand on specific areas, e.g. AT for mobility, communication, assessment and evidence-based practice. The biopsychosocial model of Health and World Health Organisation’s (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework underpin development of content. ICF shifts focus from disability to health and functioning, in line with a social model of rehabilitation. E-learning comprises existing videos, AT textbook material and bespoke animated presentations. Selfassessment and evaluation of training are embedded and learners receive certificate of completion. Training was piloted to a group of HCPs trainees and postregistration HCPs who commented on relevance of AT content, clarity, accessibility of presentation, and usefulness. Users found training very useful, especially legislation/policies and AT literature. Conclusion: Overall, survey results suggest that both UK and French HCPs’ training on AT solutions is limited and highly variable. There is need for crosschannel AT professional competencies, availability of work-based training and funding support. Development of online, interactive training aims to increase professional confidence and competence in this area as well as the evidence base for AT

A Literature Review of the Challenges Encountered in the Adoption of Assistive Technology (AT) and Training of Healthcare Professionals

Background: Long-term disabilities often result in loss of autonomy and social interaction. Accordingly, there is a demand for Assistive Technology (AT) devices to enable individuals to live independently for as long as possible. However, many people experience difficulties in obtaining and using AT. This paper presents findings from a narrative literature review undertaken as part of the development of AT training for healthcare professionals, one of the work areas of the ADAPT project (Assistive Devices for Empowering Disabled People through Robotic Technologies), funded by EU INTERREG France (Channel) England. The results of the review informed the design of a survey of healthcare professionals regarding their views and experiences of AT and the development of AT training. Method: The review sought to understand challenges encountered in the adoption and use of AT as well as how training of healthcare professionals in AT takes place. A narrative approach was adopted as the most appropriate way to synthesise published literature on this topic and describe its current state-of-art. Narrative reviews are considered an important educational tool in continuing professional development. An initial search was conducted via databases in the UK and France, including CINAHL, Academic Search Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, BDSP (Base de données en Santé Publique), Documentation EHESP/MSSH (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique/Maison des Sciences Sociales et Handicap), Cairn, Google Scholar and Pubmed. Inclusion criteria for the review included: covering issues relating to AT provision and training, English or French language, and published from 1990 onwards. Application of these criteria elicited 79 sources, including journal papers (48), reports (11), online sources (11), books (6) and conference papers (3). Sources were thematically analysed to draw out key themes. Key results: The majority of papers were from USA and Canada (27), then UK (20) and France (19). Others were from Europe (7), Australia (3), country unknown (2), and one joint UK/France publication. The main source of literature was journal papers (48), of which the most common types were practice reports (18), evaluation surveys (10) and qualitative studies (9). The review uncovered a number of key challenges related to the adoption of devices, including: difficulty defining AT across disciplines, lack of knowledge of healthcare professionals and users, obtrusiveness and stigmatisation AT users can experience when using devices, and shortfalls in communication amongst professional groups and between professionals and users. These issues can lead to abandonment of AT devices. Furthermore, substantial barriers to healthcare professionals exist, including inconsistent provision and quality of training, lack of evaluation of training, lack of resources and funding, shortage of qualified professionals to teach, and the increasingly rapid development of the technologies. Conclusion: Support, training and education for prescribers, distributors, users, and their carers is vital in the adoption and use of AT. Evidence indicates a need for comprehensive education in the AT field, as well as ongoing assessment, updates and evaluation which is embedded in programmes

Minding (About) the Gazan Border in Contemporary Palestinian Literature

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L’Orient anglais

Source d’étude mais également d’inspiration, l’Orient a influencé de nombreux penseurs, historiens et écrivains anglais du XVIIIe siècle, dont les textes ont contribué au développement d’une véritable mode orientale en Angleterre. Mais parmi ces représentations de l’Orient se confondent ouvrages érudits et fictifs, connaissance et imagination. Relisant un corpus de romans dits pseudo-orientaux à partir de leur intertexte savant, Claire Gallien met en évidence la déconstruction des frontières entre textes fictifs et non-fictifs. Si le roman s’inspire de l’érudition orientaliste, celle-ci emploie des techniques de vulgarisation propres à l’écriture romanesque. Dans L’Orient anglais C. Gallien examine le lien qui unissait une mode à un système de connaissance, et permet de voir le rôle d’une culture étrangère dans la constitution d’une littérature nationale. Introduction i. L’Orient avant les Mille et une nuits ii. L’Orient des Lumières iii. Orientalisme, historiographie et théorie 1. La mode orientale i. Traduction des contes: les érudits français s’intéressent à la fable orientale ii. Diffusion des contes: un succès de librairie iii. Réception des contes: la pratique du double regard 2. Typologie des orientalistes i. L’orientaliste universitaire ii. Le voyageur orientaliste iii. L’historien des peuples orientaux iv. L’orientalisme ‘hors les murs’ 3. Pseudo-orientalisme et savoir i. Représentations tropologiques ii. Emprunts discrets iii. Emprunts manifestes 4. La fabrique du savoir i. Déplacer les manuscrits ii. Fragmenter et autoriser les écrits iii. Traduire les textes 5. Littérature orientale et corpus littéraire anglais i. L’invention d’un patrimoine littéraire en partage ii. La création d’un Orient supplémentaire Conclusion Annexe 1: La bibliothèque orientale d’Edward Gibbon Annexe 2: Gravures de costumes pseudo-orientaux destinés au théâtre Annexe 3: Tableau chronologique comparé des publications orientalistes, récits de voyage et ouvrages pseudo-orientaux anglais Bibliographie Lectures complémentaires Index<br/

Indian Literature as Imperial Project

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