Derecho a la vivienda digna y el procedimiento policivo de desalojo en sujetos de especial protección constitucional

Desde una perspectiva constitucional, se buscará dilucidar cuales son las reglas o parámetros que deben tener en cuenta por parte del juez constitucional al momento de proferir sentencias de tutela, asuntos que conciernen procedimientos policivos de desalojo y la repercusión que tienen sobre el derecho fundamental a la vivienda digna en el municipio de Pereira. Lo anterior, con base en el desarrollo jurisprudencial que se tiene para la materia, entiendo esto como la obligatoriedad que deben tener los jueces de aplicar los precedentes de la Corte Constitucional, toda vez que estos gozan de carácter vinculante, haciendo ineludible su aplicación. En el desarrollo del planteamiento del problema, se torna necesario hacer un análisis previo respecto del déficit de vivienda, así como el índice de asentamientos ilegales sobre las personas que ocupan por vía de hecho algunos predios los cuales son propiedad del municipio de Pereira, evidenciando así una problemática debido al desequilibro entre el número de asentamientos ilegales sobre la capacidad financiera que tiene el municipio de Pereira para contrarrestar el déficit de vivienda, el cuál es causante de este fenómeno. Por otro lado, se debe esclarecer el término de sujeto de especial protección constitucional, haciendo énfasis en su alcance y prevalencia sobre los aspectos a tener en cuenta al momento de ejecutar procedimientos policivos de desalojo por parte de las autoridades administrativas correspondientes. Asimismo, dentro del desarrollo jurisprudencial que se tiene respecto de la prevalencia y las garantías que se deben tener hacia los sujetos de especial protección constitucional en el marco de los procedimientos de desalojo por ocupación por vía de hecho sobre bienes de propiedad del municipio, es menester citar la Sentencia SU 016 de 2021, a lo cual se desarrollará en el transcurrir de la presente tesis.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales -- Especialización en Derecho AdministrativoFrom a constitutional perspective, it will be sought to elucidate the rules or parameters that must be considered by the constitutional judges at the time of the provision of protection sentences, issues that concern police procedures for eviction, and the impact they have on the fundamental right to decent housing in the municipality of Pereira. The above, based on the jurisprudential development that has been made for the matter, I understand this as the obligation for judges to apply the precedents of the Constitutional Court, since they are legally binding, making their application unavoidable. In the development of the problem's approach, it becomes necessary to make a prior analysis of the housing deficit, as well as the index of illegal settlements on the persons who occupy by way of fact some of the property of the municipality of Pereira, thus evidencing a problem due to the imbalance between the number of illegal settlements on the financial capacity that the municipality of Pereira has in order to counteract the housing deficit, which is causing this phenomenon. On the other hand, the term of the subject of special constitutional protection must be clarified, with emphasis on its scope and prevalence on the aspects to be considered when implementing police procedures for eviction by the corresponding administrative authorities. Likewise, in the case of the case-law development of the prevalence and the guarantees that must be made towards the subjects of special constitutional protection in the context of the procedures for eviction by occupation by way of fact on the property of the municipality, it is necessary to quote the Judgment SU 016 of 2021, to which it will be developed during the present thesis

Micro-scale trigenerative compressed air energy storage system: Modeling and parametric optimization study

International audienceIn this paper, a trigenerative compressed air energy storage system is considered giving priority to the electric energy production with the objective to apply it at a micro-scale, typically a few kW. A whole detailed thermo-dynamic model of the system is developed including the existing technological aspects and the relations between components. The study then focuses on investigating the mutual effects of the design parameters and their influences on the system performances, energy density and heat exchanger footprints via a parametric study. From this analysis, it is found that the temperature of the thermal energy storage, the number of compression stages and the effectiveness of heat exchangers should be selected as a trade-off between the system efficiencies, heat ex-changers footprints and the required number of expansion stages. Meanwhile, the selection of the maximum storage pressure is a choice whether to increase the energy density or the system efficiencies. An optimal design guideline of the above key parameters is then provided. This guideline, the method and the procedure presented in this paper can be applied to the optimization of the trigenerative compressed air energy storage and could be extended for the adiabatic one with minor changes. Based on existing technologies and using an optimal set of parameters, the round trip electrical efficiency of our system remains low at 17%, while the comprehensive efficiency reaches 27.2%. The poor performances are mainly linked to the exergy losses in the throttling valve and the low values of the component efficiencies at a micro-scale. The most optimization potentials are also addressed

Towards the modelling of a heat-exchanger reactor by a dynamic approach

The aim of this paper is to present the development of a simulation tool in order to assess the inherently safe characteristics of a heat‐exchanger reactor(HEX) operating reaction systems. The modelling of steady and transient states of a HEX reactor is performed following a hybrid dynamic approach. The global dynamic behaviour of this reactor can be represented by several continuous models, which are bounded by state or time events. Each continuous model is defined as a system of partial differential‐algebraic equations. The numerical scheme is based on the method of lines. Special attention is paid to the model initialization and a simulation strategy of the start‐up phase is presented. The validation of the model is made by numerous examples, such as the simulation of an exothermic reaction

Screening of TNFalpha, IL-10 and TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in individuals with asymptomatic and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania (Viannia) range from asymptomatic infection to self-limited, or chronic (non-healing) cutaneous lesions. Given the critical role of the immune response in the clinical outcome of CL, it is plausible that functional polymorphisms in immune-related genes contribute to define the clinical manifestations of human infection. METHODS: DNA samples from a retrospective cohort of individuals from an endemic area of L. V. panamensis transmission in Colombia were used to determine the frequency of SNPs in TNFalpha, IL-10 and TLR4 genes. DNA samples were obtained from 74 adult participants: 38 patients presenting chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL) and 36 individuals with asymptomatic infection. Genotyping of TNFalpha-308G/A, IL-10-819C/T, and TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile SNPs, was conducted by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Allele, genotype frequencies and associations between SNPs and clinical groups were evaluated. RESULTS: The A allele in TNFalpha-308G/A SNP was found more frequently in individuals with asymptomatic infection (16% vs 7%), whereas the CC genotype in IL-10-819 C/T SNP was more frequent in patients with CCL (34% vs. 27% in asymptomatic individuals). No differences in allele frequencies for TLR4 SNPs were found among groups. CONCLUSION: This study provides a reference base for statistical power calculation and design of association studies of genetic polymorphisms in immune response related-genes and the pathogenesis of infections caused by L. V. panamensis

Modelo financiero para la cadena de abastecimiento de la piña en Pereira

Teniendo en cuenta que la ciudad de Pereira, tiene fortaleza en el sector piñero y que éste a su vez genera ingresos para la economía de la ciudad, la propuesta investigativa tiene como fin desarrollar un modelo financiero que permita optimizar la distribución de la cadena de abastecimiento de la piña en la ciudad de Pereira. Dentro de los antecedentes investigativos no se conoce una propuesta similar por parte de agremiaciones de piñeros o secretaria de agricultura. Durante el proceso investigativo, se obtuvieron resultados que demostraron que el sector piñero funciona eficientemente siempre y cuando todos sus productores se encuentren asociados debido a que actualmente, están desempeñando su labor de manera individual teniendo una rentabilidad mínima comparada con la que obtendrían en caso de estar asociados. Para llegar a lo anterior, se recopiló información acerca de los volúmenes y precios que manejaba cada uno de los agentes que intervienen en la cadena. Se realizó, una ponderación de cada una de las variables y de cada uno de los agentes obteniendo un porcentaje de participación de cada uno de los actores de la cadena. Esto conlleva, a una estandarización del sector en donde todos los productores, distribuidores y comercializadores de piña manzana, cayena y golden, se unifiquen para que el sector tenga mayor productividad. A los anteriores procesos estadísticos fueron corridos en Crystal Ball, el cual realizó unas 1.000 simulaciones y posteriormente se optimizó dando como resultado la mejor opción en unidades en cuanto a producción, distribución y comercialización para la cadena de abastecimiento de la piña en Pereira.Taking into account that the city of Pereira has strength in the pineapple sector and that this in turn generates income for the city's economy, the proposal The research aims to develop a financial model that allows optimizing the distribution of the pineapple supply chain in the city of Pereira. Within the investigative antecedents, a similar proposal is not known for part of pineapple unions or secretary of agriculture. During the investigative process, results were obtained that showed that the The pineapple sector works efficiently as long as all its producers are find associates because they are currently performing their work individually having a minimum profitability compared to what they would get if they were associated. To get to the above, it was collected information about the volumes and prices handled by each of the agents involved in the chain. A weighting of each was carried out of the variables and of each of the agents, obtaining a percentage of participation of each of the actors in the chain. This leads to a standardization of the sector where all producers, distributors and marketers of apple, cayenne and golden pineapple, unify so that the sector has higher productivity. The previous statistical processes were run in Crystal Ball, which performed about 1,000 simulations and subsequently was optimized resulting in the best option in units in terms of production, distribution and marketing for the supply chain of the pineapple in Pereira

Diseño de un plan de mercadeo para el lanzamiento y posicionamiento de la Repostería Artesanal Vainilla Morena en la ciudad de Pereira.

La empresa vainilla morena fue creada con el fin de satisfacer una necesidad de una población especifica de la ciudad de Pereira, ya que los clientes cada vez buscan formas más innovadoras y sanas a la hora de alimentarse. Vainilla morena se crea como una empresa de repostería y pastelería artesanal enfocándose en dicho nicho de mercado saludable..

Transcriptional diversification and functional conservation between DELLA proteins in Arabidopsis

[EN] Plasticity and robustness of signaling pathways partly rely on genetic redundancy, although the precise mechanism that provides functional specificity to the different redundant elements in a given process is often unknown. In Arabidopsis, functional redundancy in gibberellin signaling has been largely attributed to the presence of five members of the DELLA family of transcriptional regulators. Here, we demonstrate that two evolutionarily and functionally divergent DELLA proteins, RGL2 and RGA, can perform exchangeable functions when they are expressed under control of the reciprocal promoter. Furthermore, both DELLA proteins display equivalent abilities to interact with PIF4 and with other bHLH transcription factors with a reported role in the control of cell growth and seed germination. Therefore, we propose that functional diversification of Arabidopsis DELLA proteins has largely relied on changes in their gene expression patterns rather than on their ability to interact with different regulatory partners, model also supported by a clustering analysis of DELLA transcript profiles over a range of organs and growth conditions that revealed specific patterns of expression for each of these genes.We deeply appreciate the help of Marta Trenor and Laura Garcia-Carcel in the initial stages of this work. We also thank Tai-ping Sun (Duke University) and the Arabidpsis Biological Resource Center for seeds, Marta Boter for the pGBKT7 and pGADT7 Gateway vectors, Santiago Elena (IBMCP, CSIC-UPV) for useful comments on the manuscript, and Francois Parcy (IRTSV, CNRS-CEA) for fruitful discussions and hosting MAB. Work in the authors' laboratories is funded by grants BIO2007-60923 and BIO2005-07284 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. J.G.B. is the recipient of a CSIC I3P Fellowship and J.A.M. is the recipient of a Fellowship from the Fundacion "la Caixa.Gallego-Bartolome, J.; Minguet, E.; Marin, JA.; Prat, S.; Blazquez Rodriguez, MA.; Alabadí Diego, D. (2010). Transcriptional diversification and functional conservation between DELLA proteins in Arabidopsis. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27(6):1247-1256. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq0121247125627

Biomimetic microspheres for 3D mesenchymal stem cell culture and characterization

[EN] Stem cells reside in niches, specialized microenvironments that sustain and regulate their fate. Extracellular matrix (ECM), paracrine factors or other cells are key niche regulating elements. As the conventional 2D cell culture lacks these elements, it can alter the properties of naive stem cells. In this work we designed a novel biomimetic microenvironment for cell culture, consisting of magnetic microspheres, prepared with acrylates and acrylic acid copolymers and functionalized with fibronectin or hyaluronic acid as ECM coatings. To characterize cell proliferation and adhesion, porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were grown with the different microspheres. The results showed that the 3D environments presented similar proliferation to the 2D culture and that fibronectin allows cell adhesion, while hyaluronic acid hinders it. In the 3D environments, cells reorganize the microspheres to grow in aggregates, highlighting the advantages of microspheres as 3D environments and allowing the cells to adapt the environment to their requirements.PROMETEO/2016/063 project is acknowledged. This work was partially financed with FEDER funds (CIBERONC (CB16/12/00284)). The CIBER-BBN initiative is funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER actions are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. This work was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities trough Sandra Clara-Trujillo FPU17/05810 grant.Clara-Trujillo, S.; Marin-Paya, JC.; Cordón, L.; Sempere, A.; Gallego Ferrer, G.; Gómez Ribelles, JL. (2019). Biomimetic microspheres for 3D mesenchymal stem cell culture and characterization. Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces. 177:68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.050S687617

Production of aromatics from biomass by computer-aided selection of the zeolite catalyst

[EN] Taking into account that the transformation of biomass-derived 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) top-xylene involves Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition as the limiting step, the use of an ITQ-2 zeolite obtained by direct synthesis (DS-ITQ-2) as a catalyst for this reaction is proposed based on the fact that the organic molecule employed for its synthesis mimics the size and shape of the DA oxanorbornene cycloadduct intermediate. Periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal a better stabilization of the oxanorbornene intermediate within the external hemicavities or "cups" of the DS-ITQ-2 zeolite (MWW-framework) than in other zeolites employed for this reaction, such as FAU and Beta. Interestingly, experimental results also show improved catalytic conversion values for the DS-ITQ-2 zeolite compared to FAU and Beta, in good agreement with the stabilization energies calculated by DFT. The "ab initio" catalyst design presented here to enhance the catalytic performance for the transformation of biomass-derived products is a valuable example that could be employed for the rationalization of other chemical processes catalyzed by zeolites.This work has been supported by the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch) and by Spanish Government through "Severo Ochoa" (SEV-2016-0683, MINECO), MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P (AEI/FEDER, UE) and RTI2018-101033-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). E. M. G. acknowledges "La Caixa - Severo Ochoa" International PhD Fellowships (call 2015). Elisa Garcia is acknowledged for her technical assistance in this work. The Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV is also acknowledged for their help in sample characterization. We appreciate the support of ExxonMobil Research and Engineering for their help with our efforts in fundamental catalytic research.Margarit Benavent, VJ.; Gallego, EM.; Paris, C.; Boronat Zaragoza, M.; Moliner Marin, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2020). Production of aromatics from biomass by computer-aided selection of the zeolite catalyst. Green Chemistry. 22(15):5123-5131. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0gc01031fS512351312215Owusu, P. A., & Asumadu-Sarkodie, S. (2016). A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation. Cogent Engineering, 3(1), 1167990. doi:10.1080/23311916.2016.1167990Corma, A., Iborra, S., & Velty, A. (2007). Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals. Chemical Reviews, 107(6), 2411-2502. doi:10.1021/cr050989dSettle, A. E., Berstis, L., Rorrer, N. A., Roman-Leshkóv, Y., Beckham, G. T., Richards, R. M., & Vardon, D. R. (2017). Heterogeneous Diels–Alder catalysis for biomass-derived aromatic compounds. 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Y., Uslamin, E., Zijlstra, B., Tranca, I. C., Filot, I. A. W., Hensen, E. J. M., & Pidko, E. A. (2017). An Active Alkali-Exchanged Faujasite Catalyst for p-Xylene Production via the One-Pot Diels–Alder Cycloaddition/Dehydration Reaction of 2,5-Dimethylfuran with Ethylene. ACS Catalysis, 8(2), 760-769. doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b03343Kim, T.-W., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, J.-C., Kim, Y., Ryoo, R., & Kim, C.-U. (2016). Selective p-xylene production from biomass-derived dimethylfuran and ethylene over zeolite beta nanosponge catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 185, 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.11.046Chang, C.-C., Je Cho, H., Yu, J., Gorte, R. J., Gulbinski, J., Dauenhauer, P., & Fan, W. (2016). Lewis acid zeolites for tandem Diels–Alder cycloaddition and dehydration of biomass-derived dimethylfuran and ethylene to renewable p-xylene. Green Chemistry, 18(5), 1368-1376. doi:10.1039/c5gc02164bCho, H. J., Ren, L., Vattipalli, V., Yeh, Y.-H., Gould, N., Xu, B., … Fan, W. (2017). Renewablep-Xylene from 2,5-Dimethylfuran and Ethylene Using Phosphorus-Containing Zeolite Catalysts. ChemCatChem, 9(3), 398-402. doi:10.1002/cctc.201601294Zhao, R., Zhao, Z., Li, S., Parvulescu, A.-N., Müller, U., & Zhang, W. (2018). Excellent Performances of Dealuminated H-Beta Zeolites from Organotemplate-Free Synthesis in Conversion of Biomass-derived 2,5-Dimethylfuran to Renewable p -Xylene. ChemSusChem, 11(21), 3803-3811. doi:10.1002/cssc.201801504Chang, C.-C., Green, S. K., Williams, C. L., Dauenhauer, P. J., & Fan, W. (2014). Ultra-selective cycloaddition of dimethylfuran for renewable p-xylene with H-BEA. Green Chem., 16(2), 585-588. doi:10.1039/c3gc40740cLi, Y.-P., Head-Gordon, M., & Bell, A. T. (2014). Computational Study of p-Xylene Synthesis from Ethylene and 2,5-Dimethylfuran Catalyzed by H-BEA. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(38), 22090-22095. doi:10.1021/jp506664cNikbin, N., Feng, S., Caratzoulas, S., & Vlachos, D. G. 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Giardiasis in children living in post-earthquake camps from Armenia (Colombia)

BACKGROUND: An earthquake in the coffee growing region of Colombia on January 25, 1999 destroyed 70% of the houses in Armenia city. Transitory housing camps still remained until two years after the disaster. Parasitological studies found that, in this population, giardiasis was the most frequent parasitic infection. This study was carried out in order to determine the epidemiological risk factors associated with this high prevalence. METHODS: Fecal samples were obtained from 217 children aged between 3 and 13 years. Stool samples were studied by direct wet examination and stained with ferric hematoxilin for microscopical examination. Epidemiological data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using the Epi-info software (CDC, Atlanta 2001). RESULTS: Giardia cysts were observed in 60.4% of the samples presented and trophozoites in 4.6%. The following epidemiological and laboratory factors were significantly associated with Giardia infection: 1. Use of communal toilet (vs. individual toilet) OR: 3.9, CI95%: 1.2–16; 2. water provision by municipal ducts (vs. water provision by individual tanks) OR: 3.5, CI95% 1.1–14, and 3. presence of mucus in stool OR: 2.3, IC95%: 0.9–6.7. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of giardiasis was found in children living in temporary houses after the 1999 earthquake in Armenia (Colombia). Giardiasis is an emerging disease in post-disaster situations and adequate prevention measures should be implemented during these circumstances