6 research outputs found
Analysis of total arsenic content in purchased rice from Ecuador
Natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to arsenic contamination in water and human food chain in Andean countries. Human exposure to arsenic via rice consumption is of great concern in countries where this crop is the dominant staple food, and limited information is available on the arsenic contamination on rice in Ecuador. This work was to contribute to the lack of knowledge analysing total arsenic by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry in the samples of white, brown and parboiled rice purchased in Ecuadorian markets and produced in the two main rice wetlands in Ecuador, Guayas and Los RĂos, were carried out. For the samples from Guayas, arsenic concentration in white, brown and parboiled rice were 0.174 ± 0.014, 0.232 ± 0.021, and 0.186 ± 0.017 mg/kg respectively, whereas samples of white rice from Los RĂos showed a total arsenic level of 0.258 ± 0.037 mg/kg. This last arsenic concentration exceeds recommended maximum permissible limit by the FAO/WHO. Obtained data have available to estimate the Ecuadorian dietary exposure revealing serious health risk for population.S
NUEVAS HERRAMIENTAS MULTIMEDIA DE FORMACIĂN E INFORMACIĂN APLICADAS A LA EDUCACIĂN AMBIENTAL. DOS EJEMPLOS DE BUENAS PRĂCTICAS
La irrupciĂłn de Internet ha puesto en crisis, sin que nos demos cuenta, las formas clĂĄsicas de trabajo enseñanza-aprendizaje entre el alumno y el profesor. Una de las caracterĂsticas de la Red es su carĂĄcter de sistema de difusiĂłn de informaciĂłn y de comunicaciĂłn abierta. No hace falta contar con grandes infraestructuras. No es necesario un centro de cĂĄlculo como el que tienen nuestras universidades, no hacen falta espacios fĂsicos (aulas) para reunirse. Ahora, en la red, una persona con una formaciĂłn adecuada, puede subirse a la tarima, cualquiera puede tomar la tiza y utilizar la pizarra para explicar. En la red cualquier estudiante puede encontrar un espacio web para publicar informaciĂłn, cualquiera puede crear un espacio de comunicaciĂłn (foros, listas de distribuciĂłn de correos, salas de charlas, etc.). Cualquiera puede conseguir espacios de almacenamiento para depositar apuntes, exĂĄmenes, prĂĄcticas, etc. Incluso, cualquiera puede acceder a herramientas y le permiten hacer docencia a travĂ©s de la red
La enseñanza de las ciencias quĂmicas en las e-learning de las universidades españolas y su adaptaciĂłn al EEES
SIN FINANCIACIĂNNo data 200
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Hypothalamic kappa opioid receptor mediates both dietâinduced and melanin concentrating hormoneâinduced liver damage through inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress
The opioid system is widely known to modulate the brain reward system and thus affect the behavior of humans and other animals, including feeding. We hypothesized that the hypothalamic opioid system might also control energy metabolism in peripheral tissues. Mice lacking the kappa opioid receptor (ÎșOR) and adenoviral vectors overexpressing or silencing ÎșOR were stereotaxically delivered in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of rats. Vagal denervation was performed to assess its effect on liver metabolism. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was inhibited by pharmacological (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) and genetic (overexpression of the chaperone glucoseâregulated protein 78 kDa) approaches. The peripheral effects on lipid metabolism were assessed by histological techniques and western blot. We show that in the LHA ÎșOR directly controls hepatic lipid metabolism through the parasympathetic nervous system, independent of changes in food intake and body weight. ÎșOR colocalizes with melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHâR1) in the LHA, and genetic disruption of ÎșOR reduced melanin concentrating hormoneâinduced liver steatosis. The functional relevance of these findings was given by the fact that silencing of ÎșOR in the LHA attenuated both methionine cholineâdeficient, dietâinduced and cholineâdeficient, highâfat dietâinduced ER stress, inflammation, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis, whereas overexpression of ÎșOR in this area promoted liver steatosis. Overexpression of glucoseâregulated protein 78 kDa in the liver abolished hypothalamic ÎșORâinduced steatosis by reducing hepatic ER stress. Conclusions:: This study reveals a novel hypothalamicâparasympathetic circuit modulating hepatic function through inflammation and ER stress independent of changes in food intake or body weight; these findings might have implications for the clinical use of opioid receptor antagonists. (Hepatology 2016;64:1086â1104
Hypothalamic kappa opioid receptor mediates both diet- and MCH-induced liver damage through inflammation and ER stress
The opioid system is widely known to modulate the brain reward system and thus affect human and animal behaviour, including feeding. We hypothesized that the hypothalamic opioid system might also control energy metabolism in peripheral tissues. Mice lacking the kappa opioid receptor (ÎșOR) and adenoviral vectors over-expressing or silencing ÎșOR were stereotaxically delivered in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of rats. Vagal denervation was performed to assess its effect on liver metabolism. ER stress was inhibited by pharmacological (tauroursodeoxycholic acid - TUDCA) and genetic (over-expression of the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa - GRP78) approaches. The peripheral effects on lipid metabolism were assessed by histological techniques and Western blot. We show that in the LHA, ÎșOR directly controls hepatic lipid metabolism via the parasympathetic nervous system, independent of changes in food intake and body weight. ÎșOR colocalizes with melanin concentrating hormone receptor (MCH-R1) in the LHA and genetic disruption of ÎșOR reduced MCH-induced liver steatosis. The functional relevance of these findings was given by the fact that silencing of ÎșOR in the LHA attenuated both methionine choline-deficient diet- and choline deficient-high fat diet-induced ER stress, inflammation, steatohepatitis and fibrosis, whereas over-expression of ÎșOR in this area promoted liver steatosis. Over-expression of the GRP78 in the liver abolished hypothalamic ÎșOR-induced steatosis by reducing hepatic ER stress. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study reveals a novel hypothalamic-parasympathetic circuit modulating hepatic function via inflammation and ER stress independent of changes in food intake or body weight. These findings might have implications for the clinical use of opioid receptor antagonists. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved