Fichas de las especies

Sittasomus griseicapillus, Xiphorhynchus flavigaster, Myiopagis viridicata, Mitrephanes phaeocercus, Empidonax difficilis / occidentalis, Myiarchus tuberculifer, Myiarchus cinerascens, Myiarchus nuttingi, Myiarchus tyrannulus, Pitangus sulphuratus, Myiozetetes similis, Myiodynastes luteiventris, Pachyramphus aglaiae, Vireo brevipennis, Vireo bellii, Vireo nelsoni, Vireo hypochryseus, Vireo gilvus, Vireo flavoviridis, Thryothorus sinaloa, Thryothorus felix, Troglodytes brunneicollis, Troglodytes aedon, Henicorhina leucophrys, Polioptila caerulea, Myadestes occidentalis, Catharus aurantiirostris, Catharus occidentalis, Catharus frantzii, Catharus ustulatus, Turdus assimilis, Turdus rufopalliatus, Melanotis caerulescens, Vermivora celata, Vermivora ruficapilla, Vermivora crissalis, Parula superciliosa, Parula pitiayumi, Dendroica petechia, Dendroica coronata, Dendroica nigrescens, Dendroica townsendi, Dendroica graciae, Mniotilta varia, Seiurus aurocapilla, Seiurus noveboracensis, Seiurus motacilla, Oporornis tolmiei, Geothlypis trichas, Geothlypis poliocephala, Wilsonia pusilla, Cardellina rubrifrons, Myioborus miniatus, Basileuterus belli, Icteria virens, Granatellus venustus Piranga erythrocephala, Volatinia jacarina, Diglossa baritula, Atlapetes pileatus, Arremon virenticeps Arremonops rufivirgatus, Melozone kieneri, Pipilo ocai, Aimophila ruficauda, Melospiza lincolnii Saltator coerulescens, Pheucticus melanocephalus, Cyanocompsa parellina, Passerina leclancherii, Passerina versicolor, Passerina ciris, Icterus cucullatus, Icterus pustulatus, Icterus graduacauda Carduelis notat

Resultados generales

Aspecto externo Morfometría esquelética y masa Morfometría alar y caudal Tamaño Estructuras sexuales externas Determinación del sexo Neumatización craneal Muda Datación mediante variables semicuantitativas Ciclos vitale

The Structure of Phonological Networks Across Multiple Languages

The network characteristics based on the phonological similarities in the lexicons of several languages were examined. These languages differed widely in their history and linguistic structure, but commonalities in the network characteristics were observed. These networks were also found to be different from other networks studied in the literature. The properties of these networks suggest explanations for various aspects of linguistic processing and hint at deeper organization within human language.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Morphosyntactic processing in late second-language learners

The goal of the present study was to investigate the electro- physiological correlates of second-language (L2) morphosyn- tactic processing in highly proficient late learners of an L2 with long exposure to the L2 environment. ERPs were col- lected from 22 English–Spanish late learners while they read sentences in which morphosyntactic features of the L2 present or not present in the first language (number and gender agree- ment, respectively) were manipulated at two different sentence positions—within and across phrases. The results for a control group of age-matched native-speaker Spanish participants in- cluded an ERP pattern of LAN-type early negativity followed by P600 effect in response to both agreement violations and for both sentence positions. The late L2 learner results included a similar pattern, consisting of early negativity followed by P600, in the first sentence position (within-phrase agreement viola- tions) but only P600 effects in the second sentence position (across-phrase agreement violation), as well as significant am- plitude and onset latency differences between the gender and the number violation effects in both sentence positions. These results reveal that highly proficient learners can show electro- physiological correlates during L2 processing that are qualita- tively similar to those of native speakers, but the results also indicate the contribution of factors such as age of acquisition and transfer processes from first language to L

Language experience impacts brain activation for spoken and signed language in infancy: Insights from unimodal and bimodal bilinguals

Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that monolingual infants activate a left lateralised fronto-temporal brain network in response to spoken language, which is similar to the network involved in processing spoken and signed language in adulthood. However, it is unclear how brain activation to language is influenced by early experience in infancy. To address this question, we present functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data from 60 hearing infants (4-to-8 months): 19 monolingual infants exposed to English, 20 unimodal bilingual infants exposed to two spoken languages, and 21 bimodal bilingual infants exposed to English and British Sign Language (BSL). Across all infants, spoken language elicited activation in a bilateral brain network including the inferior frontal and posterior temporal areas, while sign language elicited activation in the right temporo-parietal area. A significant difference in brain lateralisation was observed between groups. Activation in the posterior temporal region was not lateralised in monolinguals and bimodal bilinguals, but right lateralised in response to both language modalities in unimodal bilinguals. This suggests that experience of two spoken languages influences brain activation for sign language when experienced for the first time. Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) could classify distributed patterns of activation within the left hemisphere for spoken and signed language in monolinguals (proportion correct = 0.68; p = 0.039) but not in unimodal or bimodal bilinguals. These results suggest that bilingual experience in infancy influences brain activation for language, and that unimodal bilingual experience has greater impact on early brain lateralisation than bimodal bilingual experience

Phonemic repertoire and similarity within the vocabulary

Contains fulltext : 17006.pdf ( ) (Closed access)Language-specific differences in the size and distribution of the phonemic repertoire can have implications for the task facing listeners in recognising spoken words. A language with more phonemes will allow shorter words and reduced embedding of short words within longer ones, decreasing the potential for spurious lexical competitors to be activated by speech signals. We demonstrate that this is the case via comparative analyses of the vocabularies of English and Spanish. A language which uses suprasegmental as well as segmental contrasts, however, can substantially reduce the extent of spurious embedding