Arterial anatomy and arteriographic diagnosis of arteriogenic impotence

One hundred twenty-six bilateral selective arteriographic examinations of the iliopudendal vascular tree were performed after comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation in patients with chronic erectile dysfunction. Best imaging results were obtained by performing the arteriography under epidural anesthesia after intracavernous injection of a vasoactive drug combination. The arteriography is mandatory prior to revascularization procedures. It is further indicated in primary erectile dysfunction and posttraumatic erectile failure. The importance of cavernosography and selective arteriography in primary erectile dysfunction is stressed. Increasing knowledge about the influence of vasoactive drugs on penile hemodynamics has led to its application in diagnosis and therapy of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacocovernosography, Doppler-ultrasound of penile arteries after intracavernous injection of a vasoactive drug combination, and pharmacoarteriography are refined techniques to prove a vascular etiology of erectile dysfunction. The results of the morphologic studies of the vascular system are correlated with functional testing of erectile capacity by intracavernous application of a papaverinephentolamine drug combination

Erectile dysfunction due to ectopic penile vein

A total of 86/260 patients with erectile dysfunction had venous leakage as (joint) etiology. In 5 of 86 patients cavernosography showed pathologic cavernosal drainage only via an ectopic penile vein into the femoral vein. After ligation of this pathologic draining vessel, 4 of 5 patients regained spontaneous erectability. One patient with pathologic bulbocavernosus reflex latencies needed intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs for full rigidity

Diagnosis of venous incompetence inerectile dysfunction

In 26 of 214 patients with erectile dysfunction and proved venous incompetence by cavernosography, an additional bidirectional Doppler ultrasound was performed also to demonstrate venous outflow disturbances. All except one leakage in the superficial and deep dorsal veins could be demonstrated as well as 4 of 6 cavernosum-glandular shunts. Bidirectional Doppler ultrasound visualized a continuous retrograde blood flow from the sulcus coronarius to the root of the penis in superficial and deep dorsal penile veins as well as in ectopic penile veins, an orthograde blood flow in the sulcus coronarius in cavernosum-glandular shunt

Erectile response to intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs after penile prosthesis removal

Two patients with a history of penile prosthesis removal presented for non-prosthetic treatment of their erectile dysfunction. The first patient had a penile implant for two years before it was removed and showed extensive cavernosal fibrosis. He did not respond to intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs. The second patient had the prosthesis for four weeks. He showed no evidence of cavernosal fibrosis and responded well to the intracavernous injection. He has been in an iniracavernous autoinjection program for more than one year without complications

Mid-term results of autoinjection therapy for erectile dysfunction

Of over 300 patients with erectile dysfunction, 186 were selected for intracavernosal autoinjection therapy with a standardized papaverine-phentolamine mixture. A total of 156 patients performed 4,813 protocol autoinjections with a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 230 per patient. The dose that induced a full erection at the hospital could be reduced under home conditions by a mean of 35 per cent. Systemic side effects were not observed. The most inconvenient local side effects were prolonged erections in 24 patients in diagnostic use and in 3 patients in therapeutic use. These were treated easily without further consequences

Seeding Technology

Maschinenkonzepte, die hinsichtlich der Arbeitseffizienz, der Ablagegenauigkeit und des Bedienkomforts weiterentwickelt wurden, bestimmen die aktuellen Trends in der Sätechnik. Leichtzügige Maschinen, die effizient auf der Straße und im Feld eingesetzte werden können, intelligente und automatisch schaltbare Fahrgassensysteme sowie die Integration der Einzelkornsätechnik für Mais oder Getreide in Säkombinationen wurden auf der Agritechnica 2013 vorgestellt. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen beschäftigten sich u.a. mit der Einzelkornsaat, der Direktsaattechnik sowie mit konservierenden Bodenbearbeitungsverfahren.Machine concepts that have been developed in terms of work efficiency, seed placement accuracy and ease of use determine the current trends in the seeding technology. Low draft machines that can be efficiently used on road and field, intelligent and automatically switchable tramline systems and the integration of precision planters for corn or grain in drilling combinations were presented at Agritechnica 2013. Scientific studies concerned inter alia with precision seeding, direct seeding technology and conservation tillage methods

Seeding Technology

Um eine schlagkräftige Aussaat unter möglichst optimalen Bedingungen zu erzielen, ist leistungsstarke Technik gefragt. Bei der Arbeitsbreite sind Grenzen erkennbar. Die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit ist das Thema bei den Neuentwicklungen der Einzelkornsämaschinen, dabei konnten Geschwindigkeiten bis zu 15 km/h bei vergleichbarer Ablagequalität erreicht werden. Die Mulchsaatfläche und damit auch der Marktanteil mulchsaatfähiger Maschinen nimmt weiter zu. Schardruckregelungen, Teilbreitenschaltung, elektrische Antriebe ("High Voltage"), ISOBUS-Kompatibilität und Tractor Implement Management (TIM), ("Gerät steuert Traktor"), sind aktuelle Themen bei den Herstellern.To achieve an effective seeding under optimum conditions high performance seeding technology is required. Limitations in working width are apparent. The operational speed is the issue with the new developments of precision seed drills. These newly developed machines can achieve operational speeds up to 15 km/h at a comparable seed placement quality. Conservation tillage and hence the market of these seed drills continues to increase. Coulter pressure regulation, section control, electrical drives ("High Voltage"), ISOBUS compatibility and Tractor Implement Management (TIM), ("implement controls the tractor") are current topics of the manufacturers