Сравнительный анализ условий функционирования территорий с особым режимом ведения предпринимательской деятельности

Received November 17, 2018; accepted January 14, 2019.Дата поступления 17 ноября 2018 г.; дата принятия к печати 14 января 2019 г.There are fourteen types of special economic areas currently operating in Russia, with different federal ministries actively lobbying and then supervising the establishment of this or that type. We compare operational frameworks in different types of such areas, placing an emphasis on the areas of priority socio- economic development, which are now being established in closed towns, monotowns and the Far East. Unfortunately, Russia’s special economic areas are often criticized for their inefficacy due to the lack of systemic approach on the federal level and the conflict of interests between the key stakeholders (residents, municipalities, local companies, and local communities). Goals of regional development do not correlate with the national priorities and strategic goals. Another problem is inconsistent managerial decision-making both on the part of regional authorities and management of large enterprises. No clear, justified criteria are established to evaluate the areas’ progress and no threshold values are specified. Although there is a significant concentration of special areas within certain regions, there is no integral, coordinated program or plan of action. Thus, synergetic interaction between the stakeholders is impossible. The existing procedure of establishing special areas takes into account neither the level of development of their host regions nor the quality of their development potential. These problems can be addressed through a regional industrial policy designed on the basis of the industrial-synergetic approach. Such approach makes it possible not only to focus on institutions of development and institutional transformations but also to take into account phase transformations and structural transformations in the system of areas of priority socio-economic development. The resulting organizational mechanism will be able to adjust to external uncertainties and, together with the system-forming factors, will enhance socio-economic development both on the regional and national level.В настоящее время в России действует 14 типов территорий с особым режимом ведения предпринимательской деятельности. Формирование той или иной формы территориального развития активно лоббируют и затем курируют разные федеральные министерства. Сравнительный анализ выявил схожесть основных государственных преференции резидентам ранее созданных территорий с особыми условиями хозяйствования и показал ключевые отличия режима территорий опережающего социально-экономического развития, создаваемых в монопрофильных муниципальных образованиях. Результаты сравнительного и ретроспективного анализовпозволили сформулировать ведущие проблемы, которые лежат в основе малой эффективности этих территорий – это отсутствие системного подхода к созданию территорий и конфликт интересов стейкхолдеров (резиденты, действующие предприятия/аборигены, муниципалитеты, жители территории). На отсутствие системного подхода указывают следующие признаки: цели территорий не взаимоувязаны с главными национальными приоритетами и стратегическими задачами развития страны; разрозненность управляющих воздействий со стороны руководства территорий и крупных предприятий; нет понимания, что подразумевается под опережающим развитием; не заданы и не обоснованы критерии опережающего развития и их пороговые значения; концентрация различных инструментов развития территорий в одной местности без разработки согласованной программы действий не включает механизм синергетического взаимодействия и не ориентировано на получение синергетических эффектов; действующий формат создания особых территорий, не учитывает уровень и качество потенциала развития данных территорий. Решение выявленных проблем предлагается реализовать в рамках территориальной промышленной политики, разработанной на основе институционально-синергетического подхода. Институционально-синергетический подход позволяет не только акцентировать внимание на институтах развития и институциональных преобразованиях, но и учитывать фазовые, структурные трансформации в системе ТОСЭР, проектировать организационно-экономический механизм, учитывающий степень неопределенности внешней среды, системообразующие и системоформирующие факторы, что в комплексе придаст необходимое ускорение социально-экономическому развитию как территории, так и региона, и страны в целом.This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project “Strategy of Formation and Operation of Priority Development Areas Based on the Implementation of the Regional Industrial Policy” № 16-02-00073).Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект «Стратегия формирования и функционирования приоритетных направлений развития на основе реализации региональной промышленной политики» № 16-02-00073)

European linguistic borrowings in the Tatar sprachraum (by written sources of the XIX - XX centures)

This study focuses on the analysis of linguistic borrowings from the vocabulary of European languages at an early stage of their penetration into the Tatar language. Author studies the loanwords collected from bilingual dictionaries, tutorials of the XIX century and Tatar periodicals of the early XX century. The paper shows the adaptation process and the gradual spread of this linguistic borrowing group over the various tiers of the Tatar language. Study of the initial stage of borrowing gives evidence that the process was caused mainly by influence of political, economic and social factors. At the initial stage, Western borrowings were penetrating through written sources and had a narrow scope of functioning

Institutional-synergetic approach in benchmarking of territorial industrial policy

The authors argue that an industrial policy for a territory is a crucial means for its development and suggest theoretical and methodological outline for its benchmarking. The fact of creating priority development areas (PDAs), which are similar to special economic zones, whose inefficiency is now recognized, confirms the suspicion that PDA creation is an outcome of political lobbing rather than economic planning. Governmental efforts on the federal, regional and municipal levels lack consistency. The current economic conditions lead to fierce competition for investment, which makes municipal and regional governments more open to investors, on the one hand, but on the other, may lead to some poor decision-making. The authors argue that in view of the current priorities of technological innovation, coordination of diverse stakeholders’ interests and goals in PDA dynamics, it is imperative to integrate a PDA development strategy into the industrial policy of a territory. Conceptually, this research relies on the institutional-synergetic approach to benchmarking of territorial industrial policies. This approach can help us develop an industrial policy for a specific PDA by building upon this area’s competitive advantages and by evaluating the available alternatives. To improve managerial decision-making, it is also recommended to study and adopt Russian and international experience in this sphere. PDAs should act as self-organizing systems in order to engage institutions and mechanisms of development 'in the right place at the right time' and employ tools of synergetic management ('stimulate trigger points') for positive synergetic effects.The research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project 'Strategy of Formation and Management of Priority Development Areas Based on the Implementation of the Territorial Industrial Policy' № 16-02-00073

Tatar language non-derivative verbs in historical perspective

The article deals with structure of modern non-derivative verbs of Tatar language and describes reasons of historically derivative words conversion into non-derivative ones. The authors have highlighted the fact that it is a historical tradition that in Turkic languages only monosyllabic verbs are really root, and disyllabic and trisyllabic verbs are the result of complication of monosyllabic ones. The article involves using of methods of external and internal reconstruction, comparative and relative comparative methods, and also etymological, word-formative and morphemic analysis. In the course of language evolution derived stems components lost their initial meaning and combined into an integral whole. In some cases the first or the second component lost its meaning, and in other cases both ones lost their meanings. Tatar language has lots of affixes which are an integral part of a stem, and nowadays these morphemes do not exist individually. Analysis of Tatar active lexicon has allowed to draw the conclusion that derivative words conversion into non-derivative ones is explained by such changes as de-etymologization and substitution. Despite the fact that de-etymologization is characteristic of inflectional languages, in agglutinative Tatar language de-etymologization affects etymologically composite words. The authors found several reasons of de-etymologization: archaization of a word and complete death of a root; death of an affix, phonetic changes connected with it, and also cases of semantic de-etymologization. Upon analysis the authors found that in the course of substitution morphemic structure of words was preserved. Tatar language distinguishes itself due to some morphogenetic affixes transition into word-formative affixes composition. Owing to etymologic analysis, the authors has drawn the conclusion that monosyllableness of verb roots in Turkic languages is confirmed by Tatar language too. Nonderivative disyllabic and trisyllabic verbs are historically derivative words composed with affixes and independent roots. Nowadays they are considered to be indecomposable lexical units. System analysis of Tatar language indecomposable verbs allowed to reveal historical and modern word structure, and also to demonstrate evolution of individual affixal elements in the language. It has been found that studied phenomena date back to different chronological stages of structural grammatical changes of the language. Full de-etymologization is older. The research results will be useful for relative comparative study of languages, for finding of initial roots of Turkic languages

THE national mindset verbalization through the Tatar pragmatonims

In recent years, the global linguistics developed a special trend within onomastics. This trend studies the names of product brands or a type of offered services. The scientific term "pragmatonim" started to denote such product brands. Pragmatonims often have a national focus. They contain the national language and extralinguistic information, have a multi-level semantics, including the onomastic, linguistic cultural and emotionally expressive connotations. In Tatar linguistic cultural area pragmatonims were not an object of special study till now. The purpose of this work is the study of national mentality verbalization in Tatar language pragmatonims. They use descriptive, semiotic, integrally-contrastive, statistical, linguistic cultural and pragmatic methods. In this paper we considered the pragmatonims of "national food" and "drinks" groups. The analysis of the factual material showed that the meaning of these groups is verbalized by the means of a specific nomination type, called substantial one. At that it is important to note the axiological characteristics of national food and drinks names. The national specifics associated with the history and traditions of people is clearly expressed in the studied Tatar pragmatonims. Thus, the national mentality is verbalized in Tatar language pragmatonims, the ethnic and cultural features of the Tatar people are clearly expressed. The use of pragmatonims formed on the basis of a mother tongue gives the impetus to the national culture development. The prospect of further verbal trademark research is also observed

Tatar-Kazakh language contacts in the east Kazakhstan region

The Tatar diaspora living in the East Kazakhstan region has unique cultural and linguistic characteristics, which was formed on the basis of centuries of contact of the Tatar and Kazakh languages. The results of these contacts are reflected both in the structure of the language and the ethnic culture of the Tatars. Objective of this paper is to demonstrate the uniqueness of the language of Tatar people living in the East Kazakhstan region. In 2015, during an expedition to East Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, to such major cities as Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semey (Semipalatinsk), Zheskent village Bashkul, Akkulsk village etc. the collection and analysis of material were organized. Ethno-cultural lexicon was selected as the object of the analysis. We have collected and analyzed also the actual scientific data by using the descriptive method. Historical and comparative analysis allowed us clearly trace the lexical and semantic transformation of lexical structure, the statistical method - to reveal the degree of activity of this lexical group among the population. As a result of our analysis, we have concluded that the language of the diaspora of Tatars living in the East Kazakhstan region the influence of Kazakh language is observed at all levels of linguistic structure. It is shown most clearly on the lexical level. Despite the growing influence of the Kazakh language, Tatars still retain the uniqueness of their native language

Representation of national mentality in Turkic-Tatar vocabulary

One of the main aims in the investigation is to study the semantic potential of the vocabulary, denoting the wildlife, and to reveal the specificity of nations' worldview, reflected in the names of nature. The vocabulary of Tatar language, genetically dating back to the Old Turkic language, is selected as a subject of the research. The investigation of semantic potential, evolution of vocabulary semantics, referring to nature, peculiarities of its functioning at different lexical sub-systems, specificity of recording in lexicographical sources provided an opportunity to illustrate dramatically the change of way of thinking, world perception of national personality from antiquity to modern times

The anthroponymicon ofsmall genres of tatar folklore in the context of the sufi picture of the world

The article studies the anthroponymicon of small genres of Tatar folklore in the context of the Sufi picture of the world, which played a certain role in the propagation of the names of religious content. The scientific novelty of this article is determined by a new approach to the study of anthroponyms of the Arab and Persian origin – a description of the laws of functioning of the Arab-Persian Sufi terminology, vocabulary and concepts in proverbs and sayings. In the course of the study, one analyzes the influence of Sufi notions and concepts on anthroponymicon, the formation in this perspective of separate groups of personal names, in the motivation of whichthere is reflected the Sufi religious worldview; and also the semantic transformation of traditional Sufi concepts into common anthroponyms of the Tatar language is determined. The study concluded that a significant part of the anthroponymicon of small genres of Tatar folklore is composed of the Arab-Persian borrowings used in the context of the Sufi picture of the world and characteristic of the Sufi world viewon the whole. It is proved that as a result of the influence of Sufi concepts and concepts onanthroponymicon, separate groups of personal names are formed, which also reflects in the material of small genres of folklore.Keywords: folklore texts, small genres, anthroponymicon, personal names, Arab-Persian borrowings, Sufi picture of the world, concept

State of the market production standards "halal"in russia and tatarstan: Hands-on review

Production of goods and services by the standards of Halal is the world trend. In recent years, the global food market, the share of halal products, accounting for almost17%.If the current pace of development of this market will continue, then by 2018it amounted to1.6 trillion dollars. High dynamics of development of this market is maintained by the Middle East and North Africa, East and South Asia. The leaders in this market, Indonesia (197 billion Dollars) and Turkey (100 billion Dollars). Formation of the Halal market in Russia and in the Republic of Tatarstan took place gradually, increasing the number of participants and activities expand its range of products and sales geography. Along with the see merging issues that are typical for the global Halal industry, and for the domestic market. First of all, the problems associated with observance of production technology, its certification, authentication, quality and safety, as well as interstate recognition of national standards. The study is devoted to analysis of the market of Halal products in Russia and in the Republic of Tatarstan andthe definition of the main perspectives of its development in the context of globalization of trade

Representation of national mentality in Turkic-Tatar vocabulary

One of the main aims in the investigation is to study the semantic potential of the vocabulary, denoting the wildlife, and to reveal the specificity of nations' worldview, reflected in the names of nature. The vocabulary of Tatar language, genetically dating back to the Old Turkic language, is selected as a subject of the research. The investigation of semantic potential, evolution of vocabulary semantics, referring to nature, peculiarities of its functioning at different lexical sub-systems, specificity of recording in lexicographical sources provided an opportunity to illustrate dramatically the change of way of thinking, world perception of national personality from antiquity to modern times