168 research outputs found
Traces numériques. De la production à l'interprétation
RelieÌ aÌ des inconnus par des technologies numeÌriques simplifiant lâacceÌs aÌ lâinformation et aÌ la communication, lâhumain du XXIe sieÌcle, meÌme le moins tenteÌ par les nouvelles technologies, laisse partout des traces de ses actions. Relevant de la spheÌre publique ou priveÌe, les traces numeÌriques de ce Nouveau Monde sont manipulables et susceptibles de ressurgir dans des contextes impreÌvisibles. Chaque jour, ce fonctionnement inquieÌte dâautant plus que le numeÌrique gagne progressivement toutes les pratiques contemporaines. Issus de champs disciplinaires varieÌs (sciences de la communication, informatique, linguistique, sociologie, etc.), les universitaires de renom, reÌunis ici, non seulement leÌvent le voile sur la façon dont se fabriquent et sâutilisent les traces numeÌriques, mais aussi analysent les reÌponses aux risques encourus, quâelles releÌvent dâune protection passive (« le droit aÌ lâoubli ») ou active (la performance dans la gestion des traces numeÌriques)
Le projet dâentreprise dĂ©mythifiĂ©
Cet essai propose une analyse des raisons de lâĂ©mergence du projet dâentreprise dans les annĂ©es 80. pose la question de savoir si le contexte des annĂ©es 90 entraine une remise en cause de cette forme de management, qui, sur le plan du principe, repose sur une communication interne renforcĂ©e. Dans les faits, lâĂ©laboration dâun projet de dĂ©veloppement concertĂ© a le plus souvent laissĂ© la place Ă la prĂ©sentation par la direction dâun dessein ou dâune planification habillĂ©e dâun nom Ă la mode. LâĂ©cart entre thĂ©orie et pratique justifie-t-il lâabandon de ce type de dĂ©marche ? Quelles leçons tirer de lâexpĂ©rience dans une pĂ©riode oĂč non seulement certaines entreprises persĂ©verent dans cet intitulĂ© pour qualifier leur management mais oĂč aussi les organisations du secteur public hospitalier et Ă©ducatif sont tenus rĂ©glementairement dâĂ©tablir un projet dâĂ©blissement.How can communication within an organisation he audited (evaluated) ? How can the attainment of unstated objectives be measured. Nothing that Jew companies actually set out their communications strategy. The author dwells upon this litherto underdeveloped phenomen on along with a close analysis of recent theories of decision making. The suggests that auditiking be replaced strategy, by the diagnostic study of communications strategy. Her analysis leads to the suggestion of a model of internal communication strategy, composed of 5 different dimensions :a relational management dimension an integrational dimension ; a maientic dimension ; an inherent dimension and a logistic dimension
Voiles et dévoilements du Havre
Lâauteur expose ici comment deux organisations, la mairie du Havre et lâUNESCO, Ă©mettrices de messages destinĂ©s pour la premiĂšre aux habitants de la ville et pour la seconde au « monde », ont mis en oeuvre des processus de reconstruction de reprĂ©sentation de cette ville. Ces deux Ă©critures correspondant Ă deux registres de la reconnaissance, lâanalogie et lâexpertise, se sont conjuguĂ©es, pour faire effectivement Ă©voluer la lecture de la ville du Havre.The author explains how two institutions, two official bodies, namely the City of Le Havre and UNESCO, have generated messages to the people of Le Havre for the former, to the « world at large » for the latter and how both of them have implemented reconstruction processes of representation of the city. These two discourses corresponding to two levels of recognition, analogy and expertise, have combined effectively to alter the way the city of Le Havre is now perceived
La communication interne : une approche croisée
En 1993, le ComitĂ© National dâĂvaluation recommandait Ă la recherche en information et communication de « dĂ©velopper des espaces (revues, publications diverses) » dans le domaine (...)des SIC aux enseignants-chercheurs de « sâinvestir dans la recherche appliquĂ©e en faisant mieux connaĂźtre leurs activitĂ©s et en sâinformant des besoins des entreprises »(...), dâouvrir des voies de collaboration avec les Ă©coles de commerce et de gestion dont « les enseignants permanents ont des activitĂ©s de rech..
La sémiotique des « signes-traces » appliquée au recrutement: le cas de la recherche du « bon candidat » via les traces numériques
SituĂ©e dans une visĂ©e pragmatico-organisationnelle, la prĂ©sente contribution se propose dâexplorer lâĂ©volution des processus sĂ©miotiques appliquĂ©s au recrutement. AprĂšs en avoir Ă©tudiĂ© les formes traditionnelles, lâarticle analyse, dâune part, comment, Ă lâĂšre des rĂ©seaux sociaux numĂ©riques, certaines traces laissĂ©es sur le Net produisent des indices identitaires interfĂ©rant dans les procĂ©dures de recrutement et, dâautre part, comment la recherche dâindices, le principe de congruence et la notion de consistance comportementale en constituent un dĂ©nominateur sĂ©miotique commun. Le processus sĂ©miotique relĂšve ici de lâinteraction des « signes-traces », paradigme associĂ© Ă lâ« Hommeâtrace », terminologies utilisĂ©es par les auteurs et visant Ă rappeler que les traces sont intrinsĂšquement liĂ©es Ă la condition humaine.Positing a pragmatic-organizational purpose, this paper will explore the evolution of semiotic processes applied to recruitment. After studying their traditional forms, the article will analyze how, on the one hand, in the era of social digital networking, some traces left on the net produce identity indices that interfer with the recruitment process, and on the other hand, how a research upon indices, the congruence principle and the notion of consistent behavior evince a semiotic common denominator. Here, the semiotic process is based upon the interaction of âSign-traces,â a paradigm related to the âHuman-Traceâ which is a terminology established by the authors in order to remind that traces are intrinsically linked to the human condition
Spin-Diffusion Lengths in Metals and Alloys, and Spin-Flipping at Metal/Metal Interfaces: an Experimentalist's Critical Review
In magnetoresistive (MR) studies of magnetic multilayers composed of
combinations of ferromagnetic (F) and non-magnetic (N) metals, the magnetic
moment (or related 'spin') of each conduction electron plays a crucial role,
supplementary to that of its charge. While initial analyses of MR in such
multilayers assumed that the direction of the spin of each electron stayed
fixed as the electron transited the multilayer, we now know that this is true
only in a certain limit. Generally, the spins 'flip' in a distance
characteristic of the metal, its purity, and the temperature. They can also
flip at F/N or N1/N2 interfaces. In this review we describe how to measure the
lengths over which electron moments flip in pure metals and alloys, and the
probability of spin-flipping at metallic interfaces. Spin-flipping within
metals is described by a spin-diffusion length,l^M(sf), where the metal M = F
or N. Spin-diffusion lengths are the characteristic lengths in the
current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) and lateral non-local (LNL) geometries
that we focus upon in this review. In certain simple cases, l^N(sf) sets the
distance over which the CPP-MR and LNL-MR decrease as the N-layer thickness
(CPP-MR) or N-film length (LNL) increases, and l^F(sf) does the same for
increase of the CPP-MR with increasing F-layer thickness. Spin-flipping at
M1/M2 interfaces can be described by a parameter, delta(M1/M2), which
determines the spin-flipping probability, P = 1 - exp(-delta). Increasing
delta(M1/M2) usually decreases the MR. We list measured values of these
parameters and discuss the limitations on their determinations.Comment: Invited Review, to appear in J. Phys. Cond. Matter. 50 pages, 18
figures. The new version contains additional material and revisions to
improve clarit
Spin dynamics in semiconductors
This article reviews the current status of spin dynamics in semiconductors
which has achieved a lot of progress in the past years due to the fast growing
field of semiconductor spintronics. The primary focus is the theoretical and
experimental developments of spin relaxation and dephasing in both spin
precession in time domain and spin diffusion and transport in spacial domain. A
fully microscopic many-body investigation on spin dynamics based on the kinetic
spin Bloch equation approach is reviewed comprehensively.Comment: a review article with 193 pages and 1103 references. To be published
in Physics Reports
Semiconductor Spintronics
Spintronics refers commonly to phenomena in which the spin of electrons in a
solid state environment plays the determining role. In a more narrow sense
spintronics is an emerging research field of electronics: spintronics devices
are based on a spin control of electronics, or on an electrical and optical
control of spin or magnetism. This review presents selected themes of
semiconductor spintronics, introducing important concepts in spin transport,
spin injection, Silsbee-Johnson spin-charge coupling, and spindependent
tunneling, as well as spin relaxation and spin dynamics. The most fundamental
spin-dependent nteraction in nonmagnetic semiconductors is spin-orbit coupling.
Depending on the crystal symmetries of the material, as well as on the
structural properties of semiconductor based heterostructures, the spin-orbit
coupling takes on different functional forms, giving a nice playground of
effective spin-orbit Hamiltonians. The effective Hamiltonians for the most
relevant classes of materials and heterostructures are derived here from
realistic electronic band structure descriptions. Most semiconductor device
systems are still theoretical concepts, waiting for experimental
demonstrations. A review of selected proposed, and a few demonstrated devices
is presented, with detailed description of two important classes: magnetic
resonant tunnel structures and bipolar magnetic diodes and transistors. In most
cases the presentation is of tutorial style, introducing the essential
theoretical formalism at an accessible level, with case-study-like
illustrations of actual experimental results, as well as with brief reviews of
relevant recent achievements in the field.Comment: tutorial review; 342 pages, 132 figure
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