Kinetics of Glycoxidation of Bovine Serum Albumin by Glucose, Fructose and Ribose and Its Prevention by Food Components

The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of the glycoxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein by three sugars: glucose, fructose and ribose, using fluorometric measurements of the content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein-bound fructosamine, dityrosine, N'-formylkynurenine, kynurenine, tryptophan, the content of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyl groups, as well as thiol groups. Moreover, the levels of glycoalbumin and AGEs were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Based on the kinetic results, the optimal incubation time for studies of the modification of the glycoxidation rate by additives was chosen, and the effects of 25 compounds of natural origin on the glycoxidation of BSA induced by various sugars were examined. The same compounds were found to have different effects on glycoxidation induced by various sugars, which suggests caution in extrapolation from experiments based on one sugar to other sugars. From among the compounds tested, the most effective inhibitors of glycoxidation were: polyphenols, pyridoxine and 1-cyano-4- hydroxycinnamic acid.The study has been supported by Grant 2011/01/M/NZ3/02065 from the Polish National Science Center and performed within the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action CM1001

Kinetics of Glycoxidation of Bovine Serum Albumin by Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal and its Prevention by Various Compounds

The aim of this study was to compare several methods for measurement of bovine serum albumin (BSA) modification by glycoxidation with reactive dicarbonyl compounds (methylglyoxal ‒ MGO and glyoxal ‒ GO), for studies of the kinetics of this process and to compare the effects of 19 selected compounds on BSA glycation by the aldehydes. The results confirm the higher reactivity of MGO with respect to GO and point to the usefulness of AGE, dityrosine and N′-formylkynurenine fluorescence for monitoring glycation and evaluation of protection against glycation. Different extent of protection against glycation induced by MGO and GO was found for many compounds, probably reflecting effects on various stages of the glycation process. Polyphenols (genistein, naringin and ellagic acid) were found to protect against aldehyde-induced glycation; 1-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid was also an effective protector.The study has been supported by Grant 2011/01/M/NZ3/02065 from the Polish National Science Center. We are indebted to J. Skolimowski for the synthesis of nitroxide

Oxidative Modification of Proteins in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis with Bacterial Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cause chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, inducing chronic oxidative stress. Several markers of plasma protein oxidative damage and glycoxidation and activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes have been compared in stable CF patients chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( = 12) and Staphylococcus aureus ( = 10) in relation to healthy subjects ( = 11). Concentration of nitric oxide was also measured in the exhaled air from the lower respiratory tract of patients with CF. Elevated glycophore (4.22 ± 0.91 and 4.19 ± 1.04 versus control 3.18 ± 0.53 fluorescence units (FU)/mg protein; < 0.05) and carbonyl group levels (1.9 ± 0.64, 1.87 ± 0.45 versus control 0.94 ± 0.19 nmol/mg protein; < 0.05) as well as increased glutathione S-transferase activity (2.51 ± 0.88 and 2.57 ± 0.79 U/g Hb versus 0.77 ± 0.16 U/g Hb; < 0.05) were noted in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected CF. Kynurenine level (4.91 ± 1.22 versus 3.89 ± 0.54 FU/mg protein; < 0.05) was elevated only in Staphylococcus aureus infected CF. These results confirm oxidative stress in CF and demonstrate the usefulness of the glycophore level and protein carbonyl groups as markers of oxidative modifications of plasma proteins in this diseaseThe study has been supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education with an Iuventus Plus Grant IP201104797

Bioleptin as a useful marker of metabolic status in children with diabetes mellitus type 1

IntroductionThe purpose of our study was tomeasure the level of leptin and biologically active leptin (bioLEP) in children with type 1 diabetes, depending on the duration of diabetes and its degree of metabolic control.MethodsThe study included 94 children (58 boys and 36 girls). In a group of children with diabetes, 40 patients were newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, 40 children who have diabetes for more than a year (20 with good metabolic control and 20 with poor metabolic control). The control group consisted of 14 healthy children. The serum level of leptin and bioLEP was measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe bioLEP levels among diabetic children with different forms of disease control.ResultsLower levels of leptin were found in children with diabetes compared to healthy children. Furthermore, we found a statistically higher concentration of leptin in the group of children with newly diagnosed diabetes compared to children from the diabetic group with poor metabolic control and lower than healthy children (11.19 vs. 7.84 and 20.94 ng/mL). Moreover, children in the metabolically well-controlled group had statistically lower levels of this hormone (5.11 ng/mL) than healthy children. Leptin concentrations differed significantly between underweight, overweight, and obese children.DiscussionIn our study, the level of bioLEP differed significantly between children in the newly diagnosed diabetes group and children in the long-term, poorly controlled diabetes group and healthy controls. Despite many studies published in recent years, many aspects of leptin secretion, action, and mechanisms of its influence on carbohydrate and fat metabolism are still to be clarified. In our opinion, studies evaluating the status of bioLEP in diabetes can also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating metabolism

Links between Disease Severity, Bacterial Infections and Oxidative Stress in Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common, yet fatal genetic diseases in Caucasians. The presence of a defective CF transmembrane conductance regulator and the massive neutrophils influx into the airways contribute to an imbalance in epithelial cell processes and extracellular fluids and lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species and intensification of oxidative stress. The study included 16 controls and 42 participants with CF aged 10 to 38. The products of protein oxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and markers of lipid peroxidation were estimated in the serum of the subjects. Furthermore, we compared the level of oxidative stress in patients with CF according to the severity of disease and type of bacterial infection. Thiol groups and serum TAC decreased significantly in patients with CF (p &lt; 0.05). Elevated levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane were observed in CF subjects (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, as the severity of the disease increased, there was a decrease in the thiol groups and TAC levels, as well as an increase in the concentration of 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane. CF participants infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa had elevated 3-nitrotyrosine concentration levels (p &lt; 0.05), while those infected with Staphylococcus aureus noted a decrease in thiol groups (p &lt; 0.05). Elevated levels of oxidative stress markers were found in the serum of CF patients. Furthermore, oxidative stress progressively increased over the years and along with the severity of the disease. The presence of bacterial infection with P. aeruginosa or S. aureus had a slight effect on oxidative stress, while co-infection by two species did not affect the level of oxidative stress

Processing of bacteria images in evolutionary drug resistance studies

Współczesne badania laboratoryjne są źródłem wiedzy o otaczającym nas świecie. Często dostarczają również olbrzymie ilości danych, których obróbka i wyciągnięcie z nich wniosków bez użycia komputera byłaby niemożliwa w rozsądnym czasie. Niniejsza praca przestawia zastosowanie algorytmów przetwarzania obrazów do przetworzenia i wstępnej analizy zdjęć mikroskopowych komórek bakterii pochodzących z eksperymentów przeprowadzonych w austriackim Instytucie Nauki i Techniki. Projekt został zaimplementowany w sposób modułowy, umożliwiający łatwe poszerzenie o nowe funkcjonalności dzięki zastosowania wzorców projektowych. W pracy opisano i porównano najpopularniejsze algorytmy do binaryzacji oraz wykrywania krawędzi. Ich przydatność do analizy zdjęć mikroskopowych oceniono na podstawie przeprowadzonych testów. Dodatkowo opisano użyte wzorce projektowe wraz z ich zaletami i wadami.Modern laboratory studies are great source of knowledge about the world around us. Huge amount of data, which is gathered during experiments, may cause an issues with processing it and analyzing in a reasonable time without using a computer. This paper shows a usage of image processing algorithms for transforming and preliminary analyzing the microscopic images derived from experiments carried out in the Austrian Institute of Science and Technology. The project was implemented in a modular architecture with usage of design patterns, which makes it easy to add new features. This paper describes and compares the most popular binarization and edge detection algorithms. Their aptitude to analysis themicroscopic images was assessed during the performed tests. In addition, design patterns used in this thesis are described along with their advantages and disadvantages

The reclamation of post-mining areas of Lubuski Region (Poland) on example of Sieniawa Lignite Mine

Tyt. z nagł.Bibliogr. s. [187].KWB &quot;Sieniawa&quot; jest jedną z najstarszych w Polsce kopalń, która eksploatowała węgiel brunatny metodą podziemną oraz metodą odkrywkową. Ten drugi sposób wydobycia realizowany jest do dzisiaj. Skutki związane z eksploatacją węgla brunatnego najbardziej widoczne są w przeobrażającym się krajobrazie, dlatego bardzo ważnym elementem działań kopalń na rzecz środowiska naturalnego jest systematyczne prowadzenie rekultywacji terenów poprzemysłowych. W artykule autorzy przedstawiają i charakteryzują dotychczasowe doświadczenia i przebieg procesu rekultywacji o kierunku leśnym terenów poeksploatacyjnych powstałych wskutek działalności Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego &quot;Sieniawa&quot;.Lignite Mine &quot;Sieniawa&quot; is one of the oldest mine in Poland, which extracted lignite using both underground and open pit method. The latter process has been carried out until present day. The effects of the lignite mining extraction are most evident in transformation of the landscape, and therefore systematic approach to the rehabilitation of brownfield sites is a very important element of the mine's environmental policy. The article presents the actual state of land reclamation for forestry of the post-mining areas of the lignite opencast mine of KWB &quot;Sieniawa&quot;.Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: węgiel brunatny, rekultywacja, górnictwo odkrywkowe, KWB Sieniawa, lignite. KEYWORDS: Sieniawa Lignite Mine, land reclamation, open pit mining

Praktyka sozotechniczna w działalności górniczej KWB &quot;Sieniawa&quot;

Tyt. z nagłówka.Bibliogr. s. [86].Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.STRESZCZENIE: KWB &quot;Sieniawa&quot; jest jedyną w Polsce kopalnią, która eksploatowała węgiel brunatny metodą podziemną oraz metodą odkrywkową. Ten drugi sposób wydobycia realizowany jest do dzisiaj. Skutki związane z eksploatacją węgla brunatnego najbardziej widoczne są w przeobrażającym się krajobrazie, dlatego bardzo ważnym elementem działań kopalń na rzecz środowiska naturalnego jest systematyczne prowadzenie rekultywacji terenów poprzemysłowych. Dowodem takiego właściwego podejścia do problemów sozologicznych i sozotechniczych w branży górnictwa węgla brunatnego jest kopalnia &quot;Sieniawa&quot;. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: węgiel brunatny, rekultywacja, sozotechnika, górnictwo odkrywkowe. ABSTRACT: Lignite Mine &quot;Sieniawa&quot; is the only mine in Poland, which extracted lignite using both underground and open pit method. The latter extraction is carried out until present day. The effects of the lignite mining process are most evident in transformation of the landscape, and therefore systematic approach to the rehabilitation of brownfield sites is a very important element of the mine's environmental policy. Lignite Mine &quot;Sieniawa&quot; may serve as an example of such correct approach to the sozological and sozotechnical problems encountered in open pit mining. KEYWORDS: land reclamation, lignite, sozotechnique, open pit mining