The zebrafish disease and drug screening model : A strong ally against Covid-19

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Plasma Proteome Responses in Zebrafish Following λ-Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation are Mediated by PMN Leukocytes and Correlate Highly with their Human Counterparts

Regulation of inflammation is a critical process for maintaining physiological homeostasis. The λ-carrageenan (λ-CGN) is a mucopolysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of red algae (Chondrus crispus) capable of inducing acute intestinal inflammation, which is translated into the production of acute phase reactants secreted into the blood circulation. However, the associated mechanisms in vertebrates are not well understood. Here, we investigated the crucial factors behind the inflammatory milieu of λ-CGN-mediated inflammation administered at 0, 1.75, and 3.5% (v/w) by i.p. injection into the peritoneal cavity of adult zebrafish (ZF) (Danio rerio). We found that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) and lymphocytes infiltrating the ZF peritoneal cavity had short-term persistence. Nevertheless, they generate a strong pattern of inflammation that affects systemically and is enough to produce edema in the cavity. Consistent with these findings, cell infiltration, which causes notable tissue changes, resulted in the overexpression of several acute inflammatory markers at the protein level. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography followed by a hybrid linear ion-trap mass spectrometry shotgun proteomic approach, we identified 2938 plasma proteins among the animals injected with PBS and 3.5% λ-CGN. First, the bioinformatic analysis revealed the composition of the plasma proteome. Interestingly, 72 commonly expressed proteins were recorded among the treated and control groups, but, surprisingly, 2830 novel proteins were differentially expressed exclusively in the λ-CGN-induced group. Furthermore, from the commonly expressed proteins, compared to the control group 62 proteins got a significant (p<0.05) upregulation in the λ-CGN-treated group, while the remaining ten proteins were downregulated. Next, we obtained the major protein-protein interaction networks between hub protein clusters in the blood plasma of the λ-CGN induced group. Moreover, to understand the molecular underpinnings of these effects based on the unveiled protein sets, we performed a bioinformatic structural similarity analysis and generated overlapping 3D reconstructions between ZF and humans during acute inflammation. Biological pathway analysis pointed to the activation and abundance of diverse classical immune and acute phase reactants, several catalytic enzymes, and varied proteins supporting the immune response. Together, this information can be used for testing and finding novel pharmacological targets to treat human intestinal inflammatory diseases.publishedVersio

Editorial : Overcoming challenges in mucosal immunity : 2022

The mucous-producing membranes house the highest concentration of lymphoid tissue in the vertebrate body due to their extensive interaction with the external environment. Although considerable research has been devoted to their study, certain crucial aspects necessitate innovative investigative approaches. Preserving mucosal integrity and regulating immune responses, both locally and systemically, are critical for maintaining homeostasis. This Research Topic addresses fundamental questions about mucosal immunity and its associated challenges. These challenges encompass aspects such as the role of the epithelium in governing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Contributions to this Research Topic shed light on various topics, for example, the preservation of mucosal barrier integrity, the influence of nutritional elements, namely amino acids, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) within intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Additionally, this Research Topic delves into immunological senescence and its relevance to mucosal immunity, particularly in aging populations.publishedVersio

El pez cebra, un aliado de la ciencia para combatir el COVID-19

URL: https://www.mispeces.com/nav/servicios/boletin-acuicultura/suscripcion-a-boletin/#.XuIK7EUzaUl [downloaded 11 June 2020]publishedVersio

Editorial : Oral immune-enhancing research in fish

Aquaculture is recognized globally as the fastest growing food-producing sector for human consumption (1). However, to satisfy increasing international demand, it is predicted that current production must be doubled by 2030 while improving the biosafety protocols (2). Such an expansion will necessarily involve implementing innovative actions in aquaculture production while also targeting effective health control measures and considering animal welfare. Diet, environment, and host genotype have been repeatedly demonstrated to play an essential role in defining the fish gut composition (3). However, only a few studies have examined the association between disease severity and degree of dysbiosis in fish. Likewise, the management of pathogens and parasites remains a sustainability challenge industry-wide due to poor understanding of the associated fish immune mechanism across species, and the effects of climate change on aquaculture remain uncertain and complex to validate (4). While these concepts are not necessarily new, applying modern high-throughput sequencing approaches and state-of-the-art immune techniques will accelerate our understanding of the complex trophic (e.g., prokaryotic, eukaryotic) structures, the host recognition systems within aquaculture species and systems, and the effect of an intervention on eventual health outcomes allowing aquaculture to benefit from parallel advances in related disciplines (5). Among the latest therapies developed, orally administered health promoters have demonstrated a strong ability as critical mediators in enhancing the fish immune system. However, the interaction between each element per fish species is highly complex and not always homogeneous along the different developmental stages. Therefore, to assess the expected potential immunological promotion and enhancement capacity, the use of dedicated, robust, and innovative molecular tools accompanied by keen strategies of analysis devoted to elucidating the mode of action for the tested compounds are required. By collating evidence, eleven exciting research papers written by 79 authors in our Research Topic entitled “Oral Immune-Enhancing Research in Fish” are presented in this ebook. Together, they will provide a platform of discussion in the advancement of the actual knowledge and understanding beyond the immediate immune effects and the corresponding immune mechanisms in fish fed with functional feed additives, live supplemented feed, or even exposed to oral pollutants that stimulates a differential immune response in the animals under experimental or fish farm settings.Editorial - Oral Immune-Enhancing Research in FishpublishedVersio

High-level biocidal products effectively eradicate pathogenic γ-proteobacteria biofilms from aquaculture facilities

The use of effective biocides as disinfectants is essential in aquaculture facilities. However, while most biocides act effectively on free-living planktonic pathogens, they are seldom useful against biofilms. In this study, we evaluate the biocidal efficacy and antimicrobial specific contact time of three disinfectants, Virkon™Aquatic (VirA), peracetic acid (PerA), and hydrogen peroxide (HydP), on Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida against their both life phases. By using the minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and eradication concentrations of disinfectants acting on the free-living planktonic state (MIC; MBC) and biofilms (MBIC; MBEC), we determined the in vitro susceptibility of each bacterial strain against three different individual concentrations of VirA, PerA, and HydP added at 1, 5, and 10 min intervals. PerA and VirA had the highest bactericidal efficacies against the free-living planktonic state and biofilm of all bacteria. Kinetically, PerA gave a positive result more quickly in both cases regardless of the strain in question, while the weakest HydP required longer than 10 min to act effectively. Moreover, we conducted a short in vivo safety trial by pouring the suggested MIC of each disinfectant into tanks containing juvenile Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Significant mortality after 24 h was observed pointing to the potential risk a mishap of these chemicals might cause to fish. Nevertheless, collectively, our results support the inclusion of biocides within biosecurity protocols in aquaculture facilities and highlight PerA as the most effective disinfectant for fighting against biofilms produced by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus or P. damselae subsp. piscicida.publishedVersionUnit License Agreemen

El apoyo otorgado dentro de la función notarial para las personas con discapacidad

El presente trabajo de investigación versa, a cerca de la importancia del apoyo otorgado dentro de la función notarial, para las personas con discapacidad, específicamente personas sordomudas con aprendizaje de lenguaje de señas, así mismo es preciso señalar los objetivos, tenemos primero analizar los elementos descriptivos y normativos de la capacidad Jurídica y discapacidad en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano y su regulación en el derecho comparado. Segundo examinar la importancia del personal de apoyo a personas con discapacidad para la celebración de actos jurídicos, en sede notarial. Y finalmente argumentar la implementación del personal de apoyo a las personas discapacitadas en la Ley del Notariado para garantizar los actos jurídicos de las partes. Estamos Empleando una metodología analítica ya que se busca hacer una descomposición del objeto de estudio en sus elementos constitutivos o dimensiones, por eso se tendrá en cuenta el análisis de la información obtenida de las diversas fuentes bibliográficas o documentales, tratando de identificar las relaciones y diferencias entre unas teorías y otras. Dirigiéndonos a deducir que es importante que todo Notario se capacite, ya que es enriquecedor; implica también el mejoramiento de la calidad del servicio. Por consiguiente, cuando se apruebe la implementación del personal de apoyo, se debe realizar un control por parte del Colegio de Notarios para analizar si este personal de apoyo esta efectivamente cumpliendo su rol, para garantizar los actos jurídicos celebrados por las partes en este caso salvaguardando los Derechos de las personas discapacitadas

High-level biocidal products effectively eradicate pathogenic γ-proteobacteria biofilms from aquaculture facilities

The use of effective biocides as disinfectants is essential in aquaculture facilities. However, while most biocides act effectively on free-living planktonic pathogens, they are seldom useful against biofilms. In this study, we evaluate the biocidal efficacy and antimicrobial specific contact time of three disinfectants, Virkon™Aquatic (VirA), peracetic acid (PerA), and hydrogen peroxide (HydP), on Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida against their both life phases. By using the minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and eradication concentrations of disinfectants acting on the free-living planktonic state (MIC; MBC) and biofilms (MBIC; MBEC), we determined the in vitro susceptibility of each bacterial strain against three different individual concentrations of VirA, PerA, and HydP added at 1, 5, and 10 min intervals. PerA and VirA had the highest bactericidal efficacies against the free-living planktonic state and biofilm of all bacteria. Kinetically, PerA gave a positive result more quickly in both cases regardless of the strain in question, while the weakest HydP required longer than 10 min to act effectively. Moreover, we conducted a short in vivo safety trial by pouring the suggested MIC of each disinfectant into tanks containing juvenile Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Significant mortality after 24 h was observed pointing to the potential risk a mishap of these chemicals might cause to fish. Nevertheless, collectively, our results support the inclusion of biocides within biosecurity protocols in aquaculture facilities and highlight PerA as the most effective disinfectant for fighting against biofilms produced by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus or P. damselae subsp. piscicida.publishedVersionUnit License Agreemen

TARGETING MYOGENESIS MODULATION VIA CRISPR/CAS9-MEDIATION IN FARMED NILE TILAPIA

Abstract from a conference report; Report on the 6th Genomics in Aquaculture (GIA) Symposium Held in Granada, Spain, 4–6 May 2022.acceptedVersio

Phage therapy as a focused management strategy in aquaculture

Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. However, to achieve standardized treatments at the practical level and avoid possible side effects in cultivated fish, several improvements in the understanding of their biology and the associated genomes are required. Interestingly, a particular feature with therapeutic potential among all phages is the production of lytic enzymes. The use of such enzymes against human and livestock pathogens has already provided in vitro and in vivo promissory results. So far, the best-understood phages utilized to fight against either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial species in fish culture are mainly restricted to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae, and the Siphoviridae, respectively. However, the current functional use of phages against bacterial pathogens of cultured fish is still in its infancy. Based on the available data, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about phage, identify gaps, and provide insights into the possible bacterial control strategies they might represent for managing aquaculture-related bacterial diseases.publishedVersio